Smoke Signals Sampler continued from page 6 • The Beats after the onset of federal prohibition,...

3
—44— O’Shaughnessy’s • Winter/Spring 2013 Copyright 2012 by O’Shaughnessy’s. All rights reserved. Address reprint requests to [email protected] • The Beats A key aspect of cannabis as a social phenomenon has been its boundary-crossing qual- ity, how it leapt like a flame from one culture to another. So did jazz. The music and the weed were fellow travelers, so to speak, joined at the juncture of hip. Even after the onset of federal prohibition, when viper lyrics were distinctly out of favor, contraband cannabis could be procured at jazz clubs such as Minton’s Playhouse on 118th Street in New York City. That was where the great saxophonist Lester (“Prez”) Young gave Jack Kerouac, the fledgling writer, his first taste of marijuana in 1941. It would prove to be a seminal, flame-leaping moment. Kerouac and his cohorts got high together in small groups, much like the bohemian writers who congregated at the Hashish Eaters club in mid-nineteenth century Paris. The beats were conscious of their link to this great stoned lineage of European artists, which included the Dadaists, Surrealists, Symbolists and others who defied convention. Kerouac’s cabal loved the associational fluidity engendered by cannabis, how it loosened the powers of analogy and un- leashed the spoken word. They stayed up all night smoking fat marijuana bombers, listening to jazz, reciting poetry and confiding their deepest secrets, their hopes and fears, in protracted, stoned rap sessions. Marijuana was a truth drug, of sorts, for the beats. As beat poet Allen Gins- berg recalled: “All that we knew was that we were making sense to each oth- er, you know talking from heart to heart, and that everybody else around us was talking like some kind of strange, lunar robots in business suits.” • “Good Duty” for the Narcs “Hoover University,” located at Quantico Marine Base in Virginia, specialized in teach- ing spooks how to penetrate left-wing networks in the 1960s. Students who attended this elite FBI academy were instructed not to wash for several days in order to project the appropriate counterculture image when they approached radical groups. The more astute spies recognized that if they insinuated themselves into the radical wing of the antiwar movement, they might be expected to share a joint now and then with their newfound comrades. Smoking marijuana during an undercover assignment “required a much higher degree of training than merely smoking a cigarette,” acknowledged former FBI agent Cril Payne, who wrote about his time as an undercover leftie. During breaks between lectures on the New Left, drug abuse and FBI procedure, Payne and several G-men would sneak away to get stoned. “We were definitely a happy group as we floated over to the dining hall,” Payne re- called. “Just as we had suspected, the food did taste better, especially the second help- ings.” Payne could hardly keep from laughing as he watched his classmates “systemati- cally appropriate ever-increasing portions of the official Bureau stash.” Payne fooled his surveillance targets by posing as a pot dealer. This way he could eas- ily explain how he was able to support himself without a regular job and why he split the scene for brief interludes. “And since there was a certain aura of mystery and intrigue surrounding marijuana dealers, many of whom were viewed as modern day folk heroes, I wouldn’t be expected to divulge extensive information about myself,” Payne later ex- plained. The fact that he supplied, rolled, and smoked reefer further enhanced his cred- ibility as a dealer and a counterculture radical. “My undercover experiences brought me to the point where I considered marijuana use a normal social occurrence,” said Payne, who confided that he found the altered state of awareness brought on by cannabis to be “both pleasurable and relaxing.” He eventually left the FBI disillusioned with the suits who ran the Bureau and somewhat sympathetic to the earnest young radicals he consorted with during his days and nights undercover. • Mountain Girl When Carolyn (“Mountain Girl”) Garcia, the matriarch of the Grateful Dead, started cultivating marijuana in her backyard in the early 1970s, making money wasn’t part of the homegrown equa- tion. For Carolyn and her husband, Jerry Garcia, cannabis was always more sacrament than commodity. Their home in Marin County, just north of San Francisco, attracted a steady stream of visitors and world travelers, including some who brought mari- juana seeds from exotic places. Mountain Girl, the daughter of a botanist, had a way with plants in general and cannabis in particular. She planted a few pot seeds from Vietnam in a secluded spot in her outdoor garden and by summer’s end the Dead and their extended family were getting blitzed on MG’s “Marble Buddha” weed. It was stronger than any pot they had smoked. “Two hits of this stuff and you were gone, you’d turn into a marble Buddha,” said Mountain Girl. Mountain Girl shared her growing techniques with other eager gardeners. “I had a whole circle of friends who were doing it . . . this whole group of women growers who started in Mendicino,” she recalled. As more would-be pot growers turned to her for ad- vice, Mountain Girl put her thoughts down on paper. Primo Plant, the first cannabis cul- tivation handbook written by a woman, included homespun tips on composting, ground preparation, greenhouses, soil mixes, pruning and cultivating a deeper relationship with one’s plants. She felt that a grower’s personal vibe became part of the plant’s vibe. “Thai farmers pray and meditate in their gardens,” MG noted. One of Mountain Girl’s infamous associates from the psychedelic Sixties had his own ideas about how to augment a marijuana crop. Augustus Owsley Stanley III, the legend- ary underground chemist who produced some 12 million doses of LSD before running afoul of the law, also got into growing reefer. He studied Rudolph Steiner’s writings on biodynamic gardening and applied them in a rather idiosyncratic way to marijuana horticulture. Owsley maintained the herb grew better if you made love in your pot patch. Cannabis cultivators had something else in mind when they spoke of “sexing the plants,” a practice that entailed identifying and uprooting all the males to prevent the female marijuana plants from being pollinated. The sexually frustrated females produce Smoke Signals Sampler continued from page 6 Smoke Signals Sampler continued on next page bigger flower clusters with more sticky, aromatic resin in an attempt to catch pollen that never arrives. Known as sinsemilla (Spanish for “without seeds”), the unfertilized females buds, oozing psychoactive THC and other phytocannabinoids, are the most prized part of the marijuana crop. This ancient method of cultivating potent, seedless reefer was rediscovered and resurrected by American horticulturists in the 1970s. Sexing the plants was simple – all you needed to know was what the male and female flowers looked like in their earli- est stages. Mountain Girl wrote about it. So did Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal in The Marijuana Grower’s Guide. Cannabis, a hearty, adaptable plant that almost anyone could grow, also lent itself to sophisticated breeding and cultivation techniques, such as cloning and crossing strains, which were ex- plained scientifically in Robert Connell Clarke’s Marijuana Botany. These books would influence an up-and-coming generation of ganja gardeners who quickly picked up on the rule —if you want great stuff, snuff the males. • WAMM Founded with the explicit intention of catering to the needs of low-income and unem- ployed people, the Wo/Man’s Alliance for Medical marijuana (WAMM) in Santa Cruz was a unique club, an agrarian health collective that specialized in cannabis therapeutics. One had to literally be dying to get into WAMM. Eighty-five percent of its members were terminally ill. The cemetery on WAMM’s 106-acre plot was the final resting place for the ashes of many of its members. Described as “socialists in the woods,” they were like an extended family— several hundred ailing Americans engaged in therapeutic horticulture, sharing the joys of tending an outdoor garden (if they were physically able). Every WAMM member contributed in some way to preparing their own medicine— watering plants, trimming leaves and stems, baking marijuana muffins, making hashish, ghee capsules, cannabis rubbing oil, and oint- ments. The buds were reserved for smoking; every other part of the plant was utilized in a variety of nonsmokable forms. “We come together around the marijuana, but it’s not just the marijuana. It’s the community,” WAMM cofounder Valerie Corral emphasized. Corral felt that the psychoactive properties of cannabis were germane to the healing process. “Of all the things that marijuana does,” she explained, “the most important is that it shifts your consciousness. It might relieve some pain, or awaken your appetite. It may slow down your neuropathy tingling sensations and let you walk more normally, instead of with drunken legs that won’t behave. But the way that it works most remarkably is that it allows people to think differently about their illnesses and their symptoms. It really opens a possibility of looking at the illness in a different way. And, personally, I think that is one of the most profound and important effects that it has.” WAMM was a political nightmare for U.S. drug-war authorities. For several years, it functioned openly as a successful experiment in community health care despite federal marijuana prohibition. WAMM was giving away cannabis to people who used it strictly for medical purposes. Unlike other cannabis clubs that were raided by the DEA, WAMM was not involved in commercial sales. But this fact was irrelevant to the narcs who in- vaded WAMM’s collective farm on the morning of September 5, 2002. “Everybody knows this group isn’t about recreational drug use,” said Mayor Emily Reilly Suzanne Pfiel, a paraplegic WAMM board member and postpolio patient who needed an assisted breathing device, was sleeping at the Corrals’ home when two dozen DEA agents barged in screaming and waving their semiautomatic weapons. Paralyzed from the waist down, Pfiel was awakened at gunpoint and handcuffed to her bed while men in paramilitary gear tore apart the living quarters. They chain-sawed 167 pot plants growing in the garden and arrested Valerie and her husband Mike. But the narcs were in for a rude surprise when they tried to leave the premises. As word spread that a raid was in progress, more than a hundred outraged WAMM members and supporters, some in wheelchairs, gathered at the edge of the property and blocked the only road that led back to town. The DEA agents were trapped behind the makeshift barricade, while TV crews covered the confrontation. “Shame on you!” the protestors shouted at the ganja gestapo. Some held signs that said warning: federal crime in progress and marijuana is medicine. The standoff continued for three hours until the Corrals were released from police custody. They were never charged with a crime. The widely publicized WAMM raid was a PR fiasco for the feds. On September 17, U.S. Constitution Day, Santa Cruz officials ral- lied behind the med-pot collective as the Corrals defiantly distributed marijuana to WAMM members on the steps of City Hall. “Everybody knows this group isn’t about recreational drug use,” said Mayor Emily Reilly, who attended the cannabis handout along with 1,300 demonstrators. Elvy Musikka, one of six surviving fed- eral pot patients, addressed the crowd and THE RUINED GARDEN: WAMM members were inconsolable after DEA agents uprooted and carted off their cannabis. Their work, their medicine, gone. Our tax dollars at work. LESTER YOUNG photographed by Milt Hinton (c) The Milton J. Hinton Photographic Collection, www.MiltHinton.com.Hinton

Transcript of Smoke Signals Sampler continued from page 6 • The Beats after the onset of federal prohibition,...

—44— O’Shaughnessy’s • Winter/Spring 2013

Copyright 2012 by O’Shaughnessy’s. All rights reserved. Address reprint requests to [email protected]

• The BeatsA key aspect of cannabis as a social phenomenon has been its boundary-crossing qual-

ity, how it leapt like a flame from one culture to another. So did jazz. The music and the weed were fellow travelers, so to speak, joined at the juncture of hip.

Even after the onset of federal prohibition, when viper lyrics were distinctly out of favor, contraband cannabis could be procured at jazz clubs such as Minton’s Playhouse on 118th Street in New York City. That was where the great saxophonist Lester (“Prez”) Young gave Jack Kerouac, the fledgling writer, his first taste of marijuana in 1941. It would prove to be a seminal, flame-leaping moment.

Kerouac and his cohorts got high together in small groups, much like the bohemian writers who congregated at the Hashish Eaters club in mid-nineteenth century Paris.

The beats were conscious of their link to this great stoned lineage of European artists, which included the Dadaists, Surrealists, Symbolists and others who defied convention. Kerouac’s cabal loved the associational fluidity engendered by cannabis, how it loosened the powers of analogy and un-leashed the spoken word. They stayed up all night smoking

fat marijuana bombers, listening to jazz, reciting poetry and confiding their deepest secrets, their hopes and fears, in protracted, stoned rap sessions.

Marijuana was a truth drug, of sorts, for the beats. As beat poet Allen Gins-berg recalled: “All that we knew was that we were making sense to each oth-er, you know talking from heart to heart, and that everybody else around us was talking like some kind of strange, lunar robots in business suits.”

• “Good Duty” for the Narcs“Hoover University,” located at Quantico Marine Base in Virginia, specialized in teach-

ing spooks how to penetrate left-wing networks in the 1960s. Students who attended this elite FBI academy were instructed not to wash for several days in order to project the appropriate counterculture image when they approached radical groups. The more astute spies recognized that if they insinuated themselves into the radical wing of the antiwar movement, they might be expected to share a joint now and then with their newfound comrades.

Smoking marijuana during an undercover assignment “required a much higher degree of training than merely smoking a cigarette,” acknowledged former FBI agent Cril Payne, who wrote about his time as an undercover leftie. During breaks between lectures on the New Left, drug abuse and FBI procedure, Payne and several G-men would sneak away to get stoned.

“We were definitely a happy group as we floated over to the dining hall,” Payne re-called. “Just as we had suspected, the food did taste better, especially the second help-ings.” Payne could hardly keep from laughing as he watched his classmates “systemati-cally appropriate ever-increasing portions of the official Bureau stash.”

Payne fooled his surveillance targets by posing as a pot dealer. This way he could eas-ily explain how he was able to support himself without a regular job and why he split the scene for brief interludes. “And since there was a certain aura of mystery and intrigue surrounding marijuana dealers, many of whom were viewed as modern day folk heroes, I wouldn’t be expected to divulge extensive information about myself,” Payne later ex-plained. The fact that he supplied, rolled, and smoked reefer further enhanced his cred-ibility as a dealer and a counterculture radical.

“My undercover experiences brought me to the point where I considered marijuana use a normal social occurrence,” said Payne, who confided that he found the altered state of awareness brought on by cannabis to be “both pleasurable and relaxing.” He eventually left the FBI disillusioned with the suits who ran the Bureau and somewhat sympathetic to the earnest young radicals he consorted with during his days and nights undercover.

• Mountain GirlWhen Carolyn (“Mountain Girl”) Garcia, the matriarch of the

Grateful Dead, started cultivating marijuana in her backyard in the early 1970s, making money wasn’t part of the homegrown equa-tion. For Carolyn and her husband, Jerry Garcia, cannabis was always more sacrament than commodity. Their home in Marin County, just north of San Francisco, attracted a steady stream of visitors and world travelers, including some who brought mari-juana seeds from exotic places.

Mountain Girl, the daughter of a botanist, had a way with plants in general and cannabis in particular. She planted a few pot seeds from Vietnam in a secluded spot in her outdoor garden and by summer’s end the Dead and their extended family were getting blitzed on MG’s “Marble Buddha” weed. It was stronger than any pot they had smoked. “Two hits of this stuff and you were gone, you’d turn into a marble Buddha,” said Mountain Girl.

Mountain Girl shared her growing techniques with other eager gardeners. “I had a whole circle of friends who were doing it . . . this whole group of women growers who started in Mendicino,” she recalled. As more would-be pot growers turned to her for ad-vice, Mountain Girl put her thoughts down on paper. Primo Plant, the first cannabis cul-tivation handbook written by a woman, included homespun tips on composting, ground preparation, greenhouses, soil mixes, pruning and cultivating a deeper relationship with one’s plants. She felt that a grower’s personal vibe became part of the plant’s vibe. “Thai farmers pray and meditate in their gardens,” MG noted.

One of Mountain Girl’s infamous associates from the psychedelic Sixties had his own ideas about how to augment a marijuana crop. Augustus Owsley Stanley III, the legend-ary underground chemist who produced some 12 million doses of LSD before running afoul of the law, also got into growing reefer. He studied Rudolph Steiner’s writings on biodynamic gardening and applied them in a rather idiosyncratic way to marijuana horticulture. Owsley maintained the herb grew better if you made love in your pot patch.

Cannabis cultivators had something else in mind when they spoke of “sexing the plants,” a practice that entailed identifying and uprooting all the males to prevent the female marijuana plants from being pollinated. The sexually frustrated females produce

Smoke Signals Sampler continued from page 6

Smoke Signals Sampler continued on next page

bigger flower clusters with more sticky, aromatic resin in an attempt to catch pollen that never arrives. Known as sinsemilla (Spanish for “without seeds”), the unfertilized females buds, oozing psychoactive THC and other phytocannabinoids, are the most prized part of the marijuana crop.

This ancient method of cultivating potent, seedless reefer was rediscovered and resurrected by American horticulturists in the 1970s. Sexing the plants was simple – all you needed to know was what the male and female flowers looked like in their earli-est stages. Mountain Girl wrote about it. So did Mel Frank and Ed Rosenthal in The Marijuana Grower’s Guide. Cannabis, a hearty, adaptable plant that almost anyone could grow, also lent itself to sophisticated breeding and cultivation techniques, such as cloning and crossing strains, which were ex-plained scientifically in Robert Connell Clarke’s Marijuana Botany. These books would influence an up-and-coming generation of ganja gardeners who quickly picked up on the rule —if you want great stuff, snuff the males.

• WAMMFounded with the explicit intention of catering to the needs of low-income and unem-

ployed people, the Wo/Man’s Alliance for Medical marijuana (WAMM) in Santa Cruz was a unique club, an agrarian health collective that specialized in cannabis therapeutics. One had to literally be dying to get into WAMM. Eighty-five percent of its members were terminally ill. The cemetery on WAMM’s 106-acre plot was the final resting place for the ashes of many of its members.

Described as “socialists in the woods,” they were like an extended family— several hundred ailing Americans engaged in therapeutic horticulture, sharing the joys of tending an outdoor garden (if they were physically able). Every WAMM member contributed in some way to preparing their own medicine— watering plants, trimming leaves and stems, baking marijuana muffins, making hashish, ghee capsules, cannabis rubbing oil, and oint-ments. The buds were reserved for smoking; every other part of the plant was utilized in a variety of nonsmokable forms. “We come together around the marijuana, but it’s not just the marijuana. It’s the community,” WAMM cofounder Valerie Corral emphasized.

Corral felt that the psychoactive properties of cannabis were germane to the healing process. “Of all the things that marijuana does,” she explained, “the most important is that it shifts your consciousness. It might relieve some pain, or awaken your appetite. It may slow down your neuropathy tingling sensations and let you walk more normally, instead of with drunken legs that won’t behave. But the way that it works most remarkably is that it allows people to think differently about their illnesses and their symptoms. It really opens a possibility of looking at the illness in a different way. And, personally, I think that is one of the most profound and important effects that it has.”

WAMM was a political nightmare for U.S. drug-war authorities. For several years, it functioned openly as a successful experiment in community health care despite federal marijuana prohibition. WAMM was giving away cannabis to people who used it strictly for medical purposes. Unlike other cannabis clubs that were raided by the DEA, WAMM was not involved in commercial sales. But this fact was irrelevant to the narcs who in-vaded WAMM’s collective farm on the morning of September 5, 2002.

“Everybody knows this group isn’t about recreational drug use,” said Mayor Emily Reilly

Suzanne Pfiel, a paraplegic WAMM board member and postpolio patient who needed an assisted breathing device, was sleeping at the Corrals’ home when two dozen DEA agents barged in screaming and waving their semiautomatic weapons. Paralyzed from the waist down, Pfiel was awakened at gunpoint and handcuffed to her bed while men in paramilitary gear tore apart the living quarters. They chain-sawed 167 pot plants growing in the garden and arrested Valerie and her husband Mike.

But the narcs were in for a rude surprise when they tried to leave the premises. As word spread that a raid was in progress, more than a hundred outraged WAMM members and supporters, some in wheelchairs, gathered at the edge of the property and blocked the only road that led back to town. The DEA agents were trapped behind the makeshift barricade, while TV crews covered the confrontation. “Shame on you!” the protestors shouted at the ganja gestapo. Some held signs that said warning: federal crime in progress and marijuana is medicine. The standoff continued for three hours until the Corrals were released from police custody. They were never charged with a crime.

The widely publicized WAMM raid was a PR fiasco for the feds. On September 17, U.S. Constitution Day, Santa Cruz officials ral-lied behind the med-pot collective as the Corrals defiantly distributed marijuana to WAMM members on the steps of City Hall. “Everybody knows this group isn’t about recreational drug use,” said Mayor Emily Reilly, who attended the cannabis handout along with 1,300 demonstrators. Elvy Musikka, one of six surviving fed-eral pot patients, addressed the crowd and

The ruined garden: WAMM members were inconsolable after DEA agents uprooted and carted off their cannabis. Their work, their medicine, gone. Our tax dollars at work.

Lester Young photographed by Milt Hinton (c) The Milton J. Hinton Photographic Collection, www.MiltHinton.com.Hinton

O’Shaughnessy’s • Winter/Spring 2013 —45—

Smoke Signals Sampler continued on next page

Smoke Signals Sampler from previous page

• Hip Hop HempIt was “Hash Wednesday” at the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana in 1988.

Several hundred students had gathered for the annual outdoor pot-smoking celebration, held during the third week of April. Debby Goldsberry, a nineteen-year-old sophomore, looked forward to a pleasant afternoon, a stoned frolic on the campus commons, as she and a few friends shambled toward the festivities.

But the police were in no mood for fun and games. A melee ensued as cops in riot gear bloodied peaceful participants with billy clubs and arrested nine people. This unprovoked assault was a galvanizing event for Goldsberry. It catapulted her into a lifelong career as a cannabis activist. The tall, statuesque beauty from the Illinois cornfields would play a pivotal role in jump-starting a nationwide grassroots movement for marijuana law reform.

“We were motivated. We realized we had to get organized,” said Goldsberry, as she recounted the senseless beating that took place at her college. Marijuana was mainly a personal-freedom issue, a pro-choice issue, for this young woman, who vowed to carry on the Hash Wednesday tradition. She contacted people at other schools and reached out to High Times and NORML, inviting them to send speakers for the next Illini smoke-in, in April 1989, which happened to coincide with the Midwest Hemp Tour launched by Jack Herer’s neo-Yippie comrades Ben Masel and Steve DeAngelo. So the Hemp Tour, with its museum-on-wheels, rolled through Champaign-Urbana.

Goldsberry hopped on board and never looked back. She dropped out of college and soon was getting paid a bare-bones salary to plan and coordinate the next Hemp Tour, a seventeen-state excursion that featured a rotating cast of speakers —Jack Herer, Ed Rosenthal, Dr. Tod Mikuriya, and several other prominent marijuana advocates. “Everywhere we went, people had been abused by the war on drugs,” said Goldsberry. She attended the 1989 Fourth of July Washington, D.C., smoke-in when park police started clubbing pot smokers at the end of a concert headlined by the Butthole Surfers. Ten thousand young folks turned out for this protest rally, which was staged to promote “hemp consciousness” in the nation’s capital.

Goldsberry wowed the guys at the Butternut House, who had organized the Washington smoke-in. They gave her unlimited use of their office and a place to crash whenever she needed it. During strategy sessions at the Nut House, she and her comrades brainstormed about how to unlock the political potential of marijuana’s enduring cultural popularity. In the momentous fall of ’89, while the Berlin Wall teetered, they came up with the name for a new organization that would spread the gospel of hemp throughout America. Henceforth, they called themselves the Cannabis Action Network (CAN).

Co-founded by Goldsberry and Rick Pfrommer, CAN grabbed the reins of Hemp Tour and ran with it. For the next five years, they were on the move nonstop, stumping for cannabis, shouting “Hemp, hemp, hurray!” on the steps of state capitols, asserting their right to free speech while bringing Jack Herer’s evangelical message directly to the masses. They were the Hemperor’s disciples. They crisscrossed America, setting up information booths on town squares and college campuses, selling thousands of (otherwise hard to find) books and magazines about pot, handing out free literature, and imparting what one reporter described as “a sexy urgency” to the cannabis cause.

Soon there were two CAN caravans and sometimes three on the road at the same time in different parts of the country. During the fall of ’91, they did 125 events in thirty-three states—debates, teach-ins, rallies, hempfests, smoke-ins—and each year the tour kept growing. They always attracted a lot of attention by displaying a large banner with the controversial leaf.

Like retrograde messengers, CAN cadres traversed the back roads and byways of America, fanning out across the country from coast to coast on a mission to restore hemp’s good name. They were doing pro-cannabis PR. “We never wanted to be a group that people formally joined,” explained Goldsberry. “We never saw ourselves as building CAN chapters all over the place. We wanted to be a fomenting agent, a catalyst... We

were planting seeds, networking, delivering resources to people and getting them excited, making them feel that change was possible.”

CAN framed marijuana legalization as an ecological issue, arguing that the plant should immediately be granted amnesty in the war on drugs because it’s a sustainable source of fiber, fuel, medicine, and paper. Liberating the weed wasn’t just about smoking pot to get high—it was also about improving the environment and healing the sick. CAN’s green credo emphasized a whole-plant approach to public outreach. They developed multiple pitches that affirmed all the different reasons why people might use cannabis. CAN activists touted the industrial, therapeutic, ecological, and civil libertarian aspects of hemp. Their efforts resonated in many rural redoubts where fiber hemp had once been part of the local culture.

Of all the arrows in CAN’s quiver, perhaps none was as potent as the argument for medical marijuana. They got a big boost when 46-year-old Elvy Musikka, one of the few Americans given cannabis by the federal government for therapeutic reasons, joined the CAN road crew. Cheerful, feisty, and legally blind, Musikka was the third person approved for the Compassionate Investigational New Drug program, the second glaucoma patient to qualify, and the first woman to get prescription pot from Uncle Sam. Born with congenital cataracts, she credited cannabis with partially restoring and preserving her sight in one eye after several botched surgeries. “If you smoke or eat marijuana, your whole system gets so much better,” said Musikka, who became a federal patient in 1988 shortly after a Florida judge declared her innocent of marijuana charges on the grounds of medical necessity. (She had been busted for growing a few plants in her backyard.)

Musikka felt compelled to speak out for people in need of medicinal cannabis. She had the time of her life touring the country with the CAN cavalcade. “Those kids were wonderful. They worked their little fannies off —that’s for sure,” Musikka reminisced. “They were determined to put everything aside and go out and educate people. They had the same idea as I did. We’ve got to tell people! If people knew the truth, they would not keep this prohibition.”Musikka gave CAN instant credibility. She was a walking, talking repudiation of the official fiction that cannabis had no therapeutic benefit. Her very existence exposed the knotted lie at the heart of marijuana prohibition. “The medicinal aspect was crucial —that’s what the press wanted,” said Goldsberry. “And we had Elvy. It seemed like

elvy Musikka with her federally-supplied Cannabis canister —a walking, talking re-pudiation of the official fiction that the plant has no medical benefit.

continued on next page

expressed her solidarity with WAMM. It was an ironic moment, to be sure: Musikka held up a canister of marijuana cigarettes

that she had recently received from the U.S. government as she spoke to a crowd of des-perately ill patients whose marijuana had just been taken away by the U.S. government.

heMp Tour schedule for The fall of 1990 lists 100 stops —almost all of them college towns. Courtesy of Debby Goldsberry. (See her note on page 64.)

CAN framed marijuana legal-ization as an ecological issue, arguing that the plant should im-mediately be granted amnesty in the war on drugs because it’s a sustainable source of fiber, fuel, medicine, and paper.

Listen to that Duquesne whistle blowingBlowing like it’s gonna blow my world awayGonna stop in Carbondale and keep on going... —Bob Dylan

• Joint-smoking JocksCannabis-smoking was not uncommon among world class athletes —soccer stars,

swimmers, skiers, boxers, football and baseball players, the gamut— who found mari-juana, a pain-management and stress-reducing medicine, to be well suited for the in-jurious lifestyle of an athlete.

“Marijuana culture is widely accepted and is not something looked down upon,” according to Rebagiliati

Canadian Ross Rebagliati, the first snowboard-er to win Olympic gold, was almost stripped of his medal after he tested positive for marijuana in 1998. He said he had inhaled secondhand pot smoke at a party. Within extreme winter sports circles “marijuana culture is widely accepted and is not something looked down upon,” ac-cording to Rebagliati.

In bygone days, a marijuana bust might have torpedoed a promising athletic career. But this was ‘98 —year of “the Dude,” the pot-smoking slacker played by Jeff Bridges in The Big Leb-owski.

Throughout the wide world of sports and celebrity entertainment, it was indisputable —the Weed, like the Dude, abides.

snowboard chaMp ross rebagliaTi

everywhere we went Elvy appeared on the front page of the newspaper the next day. She toured with us constantly for several years. She lived in the van with us. It was like having your grandmother along.”There was no generation gap on this caravan. They were all united by their devotion to cannabis. “It’s a holy weed. I thank God for it every day of my life,” said Musikka. Whereas some medical-marijuana advocates were squeamish about conflating recreational and therapeutic

consumption, Elvy didn’t mince words: “It’s a very positive, mind-altering experience. It enhances creativity . . . I enjoy the high.”

Every month or so, Musikka visited a pharmacy in Miami, Florida, to pick up a tin canister of three hundred government-issue reefers. (“Use 10 cigarettes every day, smoked or eaten,” read the instructions.) She always brought her medicine when she toured with the Cannabis Action Network. She also traveled with a letter from her lawyer explaining that the federal government permitted her to possess and use marijuana, which she smoked openly at public gatherings. That didn’t smell right to local law enforcement. Elvy was arrested several times while campaigning against the drug war. “If looks could kill, I wouldn’t be here right now,” said Musikka after an incredulous cop in Amarillo, Texas, reluctantly returned her stash on orders from the feds. She was turned away at the border by Canadian customs officials, who prevented her from speaking at a CAN event in Vancouver.

Copyright 2012 by O’Shaughnessy’s. All rights reserved. Address reprint requests to [email protected]

—46— O’Shaughnessy’s • Winter/Spring 2013

Smoke Signals Sampler from previous page

CAN had frequent run-ins with cops. But the hempsters knew their constitutional rights (they memorized the ACLU guidebook), and they always stood their ground politely but firmly when dealing with the police. Occasionally CAN convoys protested at state courthouses where judges were dispensing severe mandatory-minimum prison sentences to marijuana offenders. CAN’s mainstay Monica Pratt would help launch Families Against Mandatory Minimums, a grassroots civil rights organization with the motto “let the punishment fit the crime.”

In 1996, home-town hero Woody Harrelson, the famous actor, was arrested after he brazenly planted four hemp seeds in full view of the county sheriff’s office in Lexington.

In the early 1990s, the Cannabis Action Network set up its national headquarters in Kentucky, a centrally situated and economically depressed state once known for its abundant hemp fields. The locals were receptive to CAN’s message and welcomed their presence. Hard times had fallen upon farmers throughout the region, and many desperate families, lacking other sources of income, were cultivating marijuana to survive...

Hemp was a lightning rod for discontent in Kentucky. In 1996, home-town hero Woody Harrelson, the famous actor, was arrested after he brazenly planted four hemp seeds in full view of the county sheriff’s office in Lexington. “Industrial hemp can help meet our fiber needs while also revitalizing our struggling rural economies,” Harrelson told the press at the time of his arrest. He had long been outspoken against government policies that allowed the clear-cutting of old-growth forests while at the same time prohibiting the cultivation of hemp, which would lessen the need for timber. Thanks to Harrelson’s celebrity status, his symbolic act of civil disobedience made national headlines. Later that year, the American Farm Bureau, the largest U.S. farming organization, urged federal and state authorities to reconsider the ban on growing hemp. The American Farm Bureau called hemp “one of the most promising crops in half a century . . . [It] could be the alternative crop farmers are looking for.”

auThor MarTin lee aT The 2012 heMpfesT. His wares included Acid Dreams, a book that middle-aged pass-ersby smiled at knowingly and 20-somethings bought. Both are available at smokesignals.org.

sMileless in seaTTle: from left, journalist Steve Elliot, political consultant Kari Bonier, NORML general counsel Keith Stroup, and ACLU attorney Alison Holcomb debated Wash-ington’s legalization measure, I-502, at the Hempfest Aug. 18, as a woman signed what was being said. Elliott and Bonier (the naysayers) protested a clause allowing police who have “reasonable suspicion” of impairment to order drivers to submit to a blood test, and a “per se” definition of impairment based on the amount of THC in a driver’s blood (five nanograms per millileter, and zero for drivers under 21). Stroup, calling for a “yes” vote, said that the day after the election people across the U.S. and the world would read a headline proclaim-ing either “Pot Wins,” or “Pot Loses,” and that political momentum would shift accordingly.

vivian Mcpeak (lefT) on The heMpfesT Main sTage, organizes a huge crew of volunteers who put on an amazingly peaceful, enjoyable, and informative mass gathering. Everything from booking the speakers to cleaning up the garbage gets done, miraculously, and there is no admission charge. Attendees from other cities and towns, accustomed to cold hostility from law enforcement, are pleasantly surprised by the respectful demeanor of the Seattle Police, and how few uniformed officers the brass assign to patrol the event. Traditionally held over a weekend, the 2012 Hempfest opened on a Friday, in hopes that the extra day would make for thinner crowds along the paths overlooking Elliott Bay. The strategy seems to have worked. Bravo to Vivian McPeak and all concerned!

Brilliant buskers! Smokin' seahawks!

“Be there or be in DARE” —W.T.

Policing the area

Add SceneS From the ‘FeSt

• The Seattle HempfestCannabinoid compounds interact synergistically for maximum effect; so, too, with

social-justice movements —they’re far more potent in combination than as single-issue endeavors.

The Seattle Hempfest grew out of a peace vigil opposing the 1991 Gulf War. Allen Gins-berg visited and sat with the vigil during the six months that it lasted. Shortly thereafter, Vivian McPeak and several cohorts organized the the inaugural Washington Hemp Expo, which drew 500 people. The keynote orator was Jack Herer, the bombastic hemp evange-list, who gave a barn-burner of a speech at this “humble gathering of stoners.”

Renamed the Seattle Hempfest the following year, it was destined to become a major Northwest summer attraction, a flagship event of today’s sprawling global cannabis cul-ture. More than 20,000 people showed up in 1994, and the crowds kept increasing year after year, feted by the likes of Dennis Peron, Valerie Corral, Debby Goldsberry, and other activists who starred in the hemp movement.

On the 10th anniversary of Hempfest in 2001, an estimated 150,000 attendees heard Woody Harrelson denounce America’s “injustice system” and “the war on all natural, noncorporate drugs.” In October of that year, the Drug Enforcement Administration tried to ban hemp food products, even though they packed about as much of a psychoactive punch as a potato. Emboldened by the authoritarian fervor that followed the 911 terrorist attacks, the narcs tried to pull a fast one. They thought they could get away with a sneak attack against a wide range of hemp food items, including nutrient-dense hempseed oil, one of the few complete plant-based protein sources on the planet.

The DEA, citing THC concerns, pegged the hemp industry and medical marijuana as a smokescreen for folks who just want to smoke pot. But Uncle Sam’s attempts to destroy hemp food commerce in America would falter largely due to the efforts of David Bronner,

the young CEO of Dr. Bronner’s Magic Soaps, who funded and coordinated the Hemp Industry Association’s protracted litigation against the DEA. The industrial hempsters scored a major victory in February 2004 when the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals re-jected the DEA’s hemp food ban on substantive grounds.

Hemp, the world’s foremost agricultural crop in the 18th century, reemerged as the tex-tile of choice among eco-conscious shoppers in 21st century America. New processing techniques made hemp cloth silky soft, but federal law stopped American farmers from growing the plant.

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