S M i A TENSEGRITY

Structural Morphology in Architecture

TENSEGRITY is defined by the balance of tension and compresion forces. It is

characterized by discontinous compression bars balanced by tensed cables. DEFINITION

KENNETH SNELSON

“SOLID ELEMENTS SET IN SPACE AND SUPPORTING EACH OTHER THROUGH TENSION”

TENSEGRITY STRUCUTRES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY:

• DISCONTINUOUS ELEMENTS THAT WORK IN COMPRESSION

• PRETENSED

• SELF SUPPORTING

DEFINITION

"ALL STRUCTURES FROM THE SOLAR SYSTEM, ATOMS TO CELLS

STRUCTURES ARE TENSEGRITY. THE UNIVERSE IS INTEGRITY ONMITENSIONAL (FULLER)”

INGBER http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewmedia/35/stretched-tensegrity-cell-model-with-nucleus ORIGIN

ORIGIN

KARL IOGANSON – 1921 (RUSSIA)

EQUILIBRIUM STUDY

TENSEGRITY UNITS

KENNETH SNELSON – 1948 (USA)

TENSEGRITY UNITS ORIGIN

BUCKMINSTER FULLER 1962 (USA)

TENSEGRITY UNITS ORIGIN

BUCKMINSTER FULLER 1962 - GEODESIC DOMES

CLOSED SYSTEMS – SELF SUPPORTING ORIGIN

TENSEGRITY UNITS

DAVID EMMERICH – 1964 (FRANCE)

TWIST UNIT

TRIANGULAR ANTIPRISM

ORIGIN

ANTECEDENTS

DAVID GEIGER 1986 (USA) - CABLE DOME WEIDLINGER ASSOCIATES – GEORGIA DOME 1992 (USA)

ROBERT BURKHARDT (CAMBRIDGE)

COMPUTING

ARIEL HANAOR (ISRAEL) RENE MOTRO (FRANCE)

RENE MOTRO (FRANCE)

ANTECEDENTS

LLORENS & PÖPPINGHOUS (BARCELONA)

ANTECEDENTS

LUCHSINGER & PEDRETTI (SWITZERLAND)

ANTECEDENTS

RECENTLY RESEARCH

ENERGY DOME LARS MEEß OLSOHN - GERMANY (2006)

GLASS TENSEGRITY SCULPTURE -

IBK2 GERMANY (2008)

RECENTLY RESEARCH

MOOM HALL - TENSEGRITY MEMBRANE

KASUHIRO KOJIYAMA

Tokyo University Laboratory - JAPAN (2011)

RECENTLY RESEARCH

ALFRED REIN - GERMANY

RECENTLY RESEARCH

EVACUATION SYSTEM ALEJANDRO MONTES - CHILE (2012)

RECENTLY RESEARCH

TENSEGRITY FACADE FLORIS VAN ROIJEN - EINDHOVEN NEDERLAND (2012)

RECENTLY RESEARCH

PROF. ATTILIO PIZZIGONI

BERGAMO UNIVERSITY- ITALY (2012)

RECENTLY RESEARCH

GADOR LUQUE UPC BARCELONA 2012

RECENTLY RESEARCH

GADOR LUQUE UPC BARCELONA 2012

LA PLATA STADIUM

SHENZHEN STADIUM

SCHLAICH & BERGERMANN - CHINA (2011)

CLASIFICATION

OPEN SYSTEMS - REQUIRE AUXILIARY ELEMENTS TO

ACHIEVE EQUILIBRIUM.

CLOSED SYSTEMS - SELF SUPPORTING

AMAGI DOME – JAPAN KATOWISE – POLAND(1962) GEORGIA DOME – ATLANTA (1992)

SPORTS HALL – SEOUL (1986) SUNCOAST – FLORIDA

(1989)

VELODROME – FRANCE

(2002)

CLASIFICATION

FORMFINDING * USING MODELS

* USING SOFTWARE

FORMFINDING

TETRAHEDRON

4 TRIANGLES

FIRE

ICOSAHEDRON

20 TRIANGULES

WATER

HEXAHEDRON

6 SQUARES

EARTH

OCTAHEDRON

8 TRIANGLES

AIR

DODECAHEDRON

12 PENTAGONS

CONSTELLATIONS

GEOMETRIC STABILITY 3V=A+6 (SCHÄFLI)

ICOSAHEDRON 3x12=30+6

36=36

GEOMETRY

TETRAHEDRON

TRUNCATED CUBOCTAHEDRON

HEXAHEDRON

TRUNCATED

OCTAHEDRON

TRUNCATED

ROMBICUBOCTAHEDRON

MINOR

ROMBICUBOCTAHEDRON

MAJOR

HEXAHEDRON

FLAT

ICOSAHEDRON

FLAT

DODECAHEDRON

TRUNCATED

ICOSAHEDRON

TRUNCATED

RHOMBICSIDODECAHEDRON

MINOR

RHOMBICSIDODECAEDRON

MAJOR DODECAHEDRON

FLAT

GEOMETRY

CLOSED SYSTEMS - SELF SUPPORTING

ANTONY PUGH – 1974 (USA)

CIRCUIT PATTERN

DIAMOND PATTERN

ZIG-ZAG PATTERN

FORMFINDING

FORMFINDING

ANTIPRISM TWIST UNIT

SINGLE LAYER

DOUBLE LAYER

DIAMOND PATTERN OCTAHEDRON

ANTHONY PUGH

TRIPLE LAYER

DIAMOND PATTERN

FOUR LAYER

DIAMOND PATTERN

FORMFINDING ANTHONY PUGH

ZIG-ZAG PATTERN HEXAHEDRON TRUNCATED

FORMFINDING ANTHONY PUGH

CIRCUIT PATTERN

ICOSAHEDRON TRUNCATED

FORMFINDING ANTHONY PUGH

FORMFINDING

LATEX

slingshott

PLASTIC NETTING

SPANDEX (LYCRA)

FORMFINDING

diana peña

SUMMARY DIAGRAM

PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION

TYPOLOGY 1 - DIAMOND PATTERN

WITH MEMBRANE AND BARS IN A SINGLE LAYER

TYPOLOGY 2 – CONTINUOUS MEMBRANE

PATTERN WITH BARS IN A SINGLE LAYER

TYPOLOGY 3 – CONTINUOUS MEMBRANE

PATTERN WITH 20 BARS IN A DOUBLE LAYER

RING AND DOME FORMFINDING IN TENSEGRITY.

SCALE MODEL - diameter: 20 cm

FORMFINDING: MODELS

TYPOLOGY 4 – DIAMOND PATTERN

WITH MEMBRANE AND MESH WITH 20 BARS IN A DOUBLE LAYER

RING AND DOME FORMFINDING IN TENSEGRITY.

SCALE MODEL - diameter: 40 cm

FORMFINDING: MODELS

FORMFINDING

* USING GRASSHOPPER

JOHANNA DÍAZ DEFINITION

FORMFINDING

* USING AUTOCAD

UNIDAD TENSEGRITY DE 3 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

UNIDAD TENSEGRITY 6 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

6 UNIDADES TENSEGRITY DE 4 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

TENSEGRITY RING - DIAMOND PATTERN, 20 BARS IN A DOUBLE LAYER

WITH A DOME, CENTRAL MAST, AND 10 CIRCULAR MASTS

FORMFINDING: AUTOCAD

FORMFINDING

* USING WINTESS

UNIDAD TENSEGRITY DE 3 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

UNIDAD TENSEGRITY 6 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

6 UNIDADES TENSEGRITY DE 4 BARRAS EN UNA CAPA

STRUCTURE IN EQUILIBRIUM

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

STRUCTURE IN EQUILIBRIUM

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

STRUCTURE IN EQUILIBRIUM

TENSEGRITY RING CREATED WITH WINTESS SOFTWARE

FORMFINDING: WINTESS

RING AND DOME IN TENSEGRITY CREATED WITH WINTESS SOFTWARE

FORMFINDING: WINTESS

FORMFINDING

LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE

A. ELEMENTS: BARS (wood) & PATTERNS (Lycra)

B. CASE 1: Ring bars (L=50 Ø 8mm) + central mast (L=22,5 Ø 6mm)

+ minor masts L=16,25 Ø 6mm + membrane = 580 gr.

C. CASE 2: Ring bars (L=50 Ø 6mm) + central mast (L=22,5 Ø 4mm)

+ minor masts L=16,25 Ø 4mm + membrana = 490 gr.

D. RESULTS: Difference between CASE 1 & CASE 2 = weight 90 gr.

COVERS AN AREA = 7.854 cm2 : : 0.80 m2

TENSEGRITY MODEL Ø 1OO cm.

A. B. C.

D.

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERÍSTICS OF THE MODEL ELEMENTS

Total weight = 69.023 kg – Weight/m2 = 58 kg. Possible to OPTIMIZE

Maximum reaction in support nodes 24 ton.

MODEL ELEMENTS

Membrane

Ferrari Fluotop T2 1302

Border Cables (boltrope)

WS-2 (36mm) Galv 36

External Cables (guyrope)

WS-2 (36mm) Galv 36

Ring Tubes

L=20 m - 400-10_S235

Dome Central Mast

L=9 m - 110-5_S235

Dome Minor Masts

L=6,5 m - 90-4_S235

Exterior Tubes

L= 8 m - 250-8_S235

SPORTS ARENA Area = 1.200 m2

APPLICATION

SPORTS ARENA - 625 PEOPLE

APPLICATION