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Smernice za izbor najboljih dostupnih tehnika (BAT) za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnostiTom Staford – ekspert na projektu

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Opšte informacije o razvoju BATBAT je kao princip uveden Direktivom o IPPC 96/61/EC. Najbolje dostupne tehnike (BAT) definisane su u članu 2 (14) Zakona o integrisanom sprečavanju i kontroli zagađenja kao“najdelotvornije i najmodernije faze u razvoju aktivnosti i načinu njihovog obavljanja koje omogućavaju pogodniju primenu određenih tehnika za zadovoljavanje graničnih vrednosti emisija, propisanih u cilju sprečavanja ili ako to nije izvodljivo, u cilju smanjenja emisija i uticaja na životnu sredinu kao celinu”.

Šta su najbolje dostupne tehnike (BAT)B ‘best’ - najbolje odnosi se na najdelotvornije tehnike za

postizanje visokog nivoa zaštite životne sredine u celiniA ‘available techniques’ – dostupne tehnike predstavljaju

tehnike razvijene do te mere da omogućavaju implementaciju u relevantnom industrijskom sektoru u ekonomski i tehnički prihvatljivim uslovima, uključujući i troškove i koristi, bilo da se tehnike koriste ili kreiraju u zemlji ili ne, sve dok su kao takve prihvatljive za operatera

T ‘techniques’ – tehnike predstavljaju način na koji je postrojenje projektovano, izgrađeno i održava se, radi i demontira se ili zatvara, uključujući i primenjenu tehnologiju.

Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama – Kriterijumi za određivanje najboljih dostupnih tehnika1. primena tehnologije koja proizvodi minimalno otpada; 2. korišćenje manje opasnih supstanci; 3. podsticanje prerade i reciklaže supstanci generisanih i

korišćenih u procesu, kao i otpada, kada je to moguće; 4. uporedni procesi, postrojenja ili metode rada koje su sa

uspehom testirane na industrijskoj skali; 5. tehnološki napredak i promene naučnih saznanja i

razumevanja; 6. priroda, efekti i količina emisija;

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Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama – Kriterijumi za određivanje najboljih dostupnih tehnika7. datumi montaže novih ili postojećih instalacija; 8. period potreban za uvođenje najbolje dostupne tehnike; 9. potrošnja i priroda sirovina (uključujući i vodu) koje se

koriste u procesu i energetska efikasnost; 10. potreba da se spreči ili svede na minimum ukupni uticaj

emisija na životnu sredinu i rizici u vezi s nima; 11. potreba da se spreče udesi i na minimum svedu posledice u

životnoj sredini; 12. informacije koje objavljuju javne međunarodne

organizacije.

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BREF proces• Evropski biro za IPPC (EIPPCB) organizuje i koordinira

razmenu informacija između država članica i industrije o BAT, u skladu sa članom 13 Direktive o industrijskim emisijama (IED). EIPPCB izrađuje referentne dokumente za najbolje dostupne tehnike, odnosno BREF dokumente i Zaključke o BAT.

• Prvi BREF za intenzivni uzgoj stoke objavljen je 2003. godine (Evropska komisija 2003: “Referentni dokument za najbolje dostupne tehnike za intenzivni uzgoj živine i svinja”)

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Zaključci o BAT• “Zaključci o BAT” predstavljaju dokument koji sadrži delove

BREF u kojem se donose zaključci o najboljim dostupnim tehnikama.

• Zaključci o BAT usvajaju se u komisijskoj proceduri i predstavljaju referencu za utvrđivanje uslova iz dozvole za aktivnosi koje pokriva Direktiva o industrijskim emisijama.

• Na osnovu člana 14(3) Direktive o industrijskim emisijama, Zaključci o BAT su postali obavezujući u procesu izdavanja dozvola u zemljama članicama. Dakle, ako nije naglašeno drugačije, Zaključci o BAT su neposredno primenljivi

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Razmatranja BAT za Srbiju• Smernice za izbor najboljih dostupnih tehnika predstavljaju

uputstvo za podnosioce zahteva za integrisanu dozvolu za izbor najboljih dostupnih tehnika za postojeće, nove i farme koje se proširuju

• Smernice za izbor dostupnih tehnika u Srbiji za sektor intenzivne poljoprivrede zasnovan je najnovijem BREF dokumentu za intenzivni uzgoj živine i svinja (finalni nacrt avgust 2015)

• Alati uz Zaključke o BAT takođe se zasnivaju na Zaključcima o BAT iz tog BREF dokumenta

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Izrada Smernica za izbor BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti u SrbijiOpšti cilj da se obezbedi visok stepen zaštite životne sredine u celini često podrazumeva razdvajanje i donošenje suda o različitim uticajima na životnu sredinu, a te odluke su često pod uticajem lokalnih okolnosti. S druge strane, obaveza da se obezbedi visok stepen zaštite životne sredine, uključujući i minimizaciju prekograničnog i zagađenja na velikim udaljenostima podrazumeva da se najpogodnija tehnika ne može odrediti samo na osnovu lokalnih okolnosti.

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Smernice za izbor BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti - SadržajSmerice za izbor BAT prate formu BREF dokumenta, tako da je sam sadržaj ovih smernica sledeći:

1. Uvod2. Sektori na koje se Smernice odnose3. Horizontalni BREF i drugi vertikalni BREF dokument4. Pregled ključnih kontrolnih tehnika5. Najbolje dostupne tehnike u sektoru intenzivne poljoprivrede6. Nivoi emisija u vezi sa BAT7. Praćenje usaglašenosti

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Smernice za izbor BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti• Namera je da Smernice obezbede širi

pregled, ne da se ide u detaljnu analizu

• Smernice se odnose na relevantne delove BREF dokumenta iz 2015, koliko je to maksimalno moguće

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Tumačenje BAT - legenda

July 22, 2012 Footer text here12

Generalno primenljivo – tehnike koje se primenjuju na farmama za uzgojsvinja i živine, na nove, postojeće i farme u procesu proširenja.

Uslovno – tehnike koje se primenjuju u posebnim okolnostima i koje sukao takve opisane u ovom dokumentu.

Tehnike koje se odnose na nove instalacije, kao i na novoproširenekapacitete.

Ova tehnika nije primenljiva u intenzivnom uzgoju svinja.

Ova tehnika nije primenljiva u intenzivnom uzgoju živine.

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Technique Applicability

a Commitment of the management, including senior management.

Generally applicable.

b Planning and establishing the necessary procedures, objectives and targets, in conjunction with financial planning and investment.


c Implementation of procedures paying particular attention to:

(a) structure and responsibility; (b) training, awareness and competence; (c) documentation; (d) effective process control; (e) maintenance programmes; (f) emergency preparedness and response; (g) safeguarding compliance with environmental legislation.


d Checking performance and taking corrective action, paying particular attention to:

(a) corrective and preventive action; (b) maintenance of records.


e Consideration for the environmental impacts from the eventual decommissioning of the installation at the stage of designing a new plant, and throughout its operating life.


f Implementation of a noise management plan where applicable (see BAT 9).

Where noise issues are associated with the instillation.

g Implementation of an odour management plan where applicable (see BAT 12).

Where odour issues are associated with the instillation.

Da bi se poboljšalo opšte stanje životne sredine na farmama, primenjuju se BAT i poštuje se sistem upravljanja u životnoj sredini (EMS), koji obuhvataju sledeće karakteristike:

BAT 1


Da bi se sprečili ili umanjili uticaji na životnu sredinu, BAT su tehnike date u nastavku teksta.

BAT 2


a Educate and train staff, in particular for: • relevant regulations, livestock farming, animal health and

welfare, manure management, worker safety; • transport and spreading of manure; • planning of activities; • emergency planning and management; • repair and maintenance of equipment.


b Prepare an emergency plan for dealing with unexpected emissions and incidents such as pollution of water bodies. This can include: • a plan of the farm showing the drainage systems and

water/effluent sources; • plans of action for responding to certain potential events (e.g.

fires, leaking or collapsing of slurry stores, uncontrolled run-off from manure heaps, oil spillages);

• available equipment for dealing with a pollution incident (e.g. for plugging land drains, damming ditches, scum boards for oil spillages).


c Regularly check, repair and maintain structures and equipment. This can include: • cleanliness of the farm; • pest management; • slurry storages for any sign of damage, degradation, leakage; • slurry pumps, mixers, separators, irrigators; • water and feed supply systems; • ventilation system and temperature sensors; • silos and transport equipment (e.g. valves, tubes); • air cleaning systems (e.g. by regular inspections).


d Store dead animals in such a way as to prevent or reduce emissions.


e Proper location of the plant/farm and spatial arrangements of the activities in order to: • reduce transport of animals and materials (including manure); • ensure adequate distances from sensitive receptors • requiring protection; • take into account prevailing climatic conditions (e.g. wind and

precipitation); • consider the potential future development capacity of the farm; • prevent the contamination of water.

May not be generally applicable to existing plants/farms

This BAT conclusion is based on information given in Sections 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.5, 4.1.6, 4.1.7 and 4.1.8 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

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Za smanjenje ukupno izlučenog azota, a samim tim i emisija amonijaka, dok se u isto vreme zadovoljavaju sve nutritivne potrebne životinja, BAT se primenjuju u određivanju ishrane i strategiji hranjenja životinja, i one uključuju jednu ili kombinaciju više tehnika iz nastavka.

BAT 3 Technique (1) Applicability

a Reduce the crude protein content by using a balanced diet based on net energy for pigs (or metabolisable energy for poultry) and digestible amino acids


b Multiphase feeding with a diet formulation adapted to the specific requirements of the production period


c Addition of controlled amounts of essential amino acids to a low crude protein diet

The applicability may be restricted when low-protein feedstuffs are not economically available.Synthetic amino acids are not applicable to organic livestock production.

d Use of authorised feed additives which reduce the total nitrogen excreted


(1) A description of the techniques is given in Section 5.4.10.1 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

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Za smanjenje ukupno izlučenog fosfora, dok se u isto vreme zadovoljavaju sve nutritivne potrebne životinja, BAT se primenjuju u određivanju ishrane i strategiji hranjenja životinja, i one uključuju jednu ili kombinaciju više tehnika iz nastavka.


a Multiphase feeding with a diet formulation adapted to the specific requirements of the production period.


b Use of authorised feed additives which reduce the total phosphorus excreted (e.g. phytase).

Phytase may not be applicable in case of organic livestock production.

c Use of highly digestible inorganic phosphates for the partial replacement of conventional sources of phosphorus in the feed.

Generally applicable within the constraints associated with the availability of highly digestible inorganic phosphates.

(1) A description of the techniques is given in Section 5.4.10 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.


Za povećanje efikasnosti korišćenja vode, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.

BAT 5 Technique Applicability

a Keep a record of water use.


b Detect and repair water leakages.


c Use high-pressure cleaners for cleaning animal housing and equipment.

Not applicable to poultry plants using dry cleaning systems.

d Select suitable equipment (e.g. nipple drinkers, round drinkers, water troughs) for the specific animal category while ensuring water availability (ad libitum).


e Verify and (if necessary) adjust on a regular basis the calibration of the drinking water equipment.


f Reuse uncontaminated rainwater as cleaning water.

May not be applicable in existing farms, due to high costs. Applicability may be restricted by biosecurity risks.

This BAT conclusion is based on information given in Sections 4.4.1 and 4.15.2.1 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.


Za smanjenje proizvodnje otpadnih voda, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.


a Keep the fouled yard areas as small as possible.


b Minimise use of water.


c Segregate uncontaminated rainwater from waste water streams that require treatment.

May not be applicable to existing farms.

(1) A description of the technique is given in Section 5.4.1 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

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Za smanjenje emisija u vodu od otpadnih voda, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.


a Drain waste water to a dedicated container or to a slurry store.


b Treat waste water.


c Landspreading of waste water e.g. by using an irrigation system such as sprinkler, travelling irrigator, tanker, umbilical injector.

Applicability may be restricted due to the limited availability of suitable land adjacent to the farm. Applicable only for waste water with a proven low level of contamination.

(1) A description of the techniques is given in Section 5.4.1 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs

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Za povećanje energetske efikasnosti na farmi, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.

BAT 8

Technique (1) Applicability

a Optimisation of heating/cooling and ventilation systems and management, especially where air cleaning systems are used.


b Use of energy-efficient lighting.


c Identify the aspects of an installation that influence energy efficiency by carrying out an audit.


d Carry out maintenance at installations to optimise energy efficiency.


e Insulation of the walls, floors and/or ceilings of animal houses.

May not be applicable to plants using natural ventilation. Insulation may not be applicable to existing plants due to structural restrictions.

f Optimise energy efficiency when planning a new installation, unit or system or a significant upgrade.

To be incorporated at the design stage.

g High efficiency heating/cooling and ventilation systems.

May not be applicable to existing plants.

h Use of heat exchangers. One of the following systems may be used:

1. air-air; 2. air-water; 3. air-ground.

Air-ground heat exchangers are only applicable when there is available space due to the need for a large soil surface.

i Use of heat pumps for heat recovery.

The applicability of heat pumps based on geothermal heat recovery is limited when using horizontal pipes due to the need for space availability.

j Heat recovery with heated and cooled littered floor (combideck system).

Not applicable to pig plants. The applicability depends on the possibility to install closed underground storage for the circulating water.


Za instalacije u kojima se očekuje emisija buke prema osetljivim receptorima, odnosno gde je potrebno ublažiti uticaj buke, BAT je izrada i primena plana upravljanja bukom kao dela sistema upravljanja u životnoj sredini (videti BAT 1), koji sadrži sledeće elemente:

BAT 9


a A protocol containing appropriate actions and timelines.

Note 1

b A protocol for conducting noise monitoring.

Note 1

c A protocol for response to identified noise events.

Note 1.

d A protocol for response to identified noise events.

Note 1

e A noise reduction programme designed to e.g. identify the source(s), to monitor noise emissions, to characterise the contributions of the sources and to implement elimination and/or reduction measures.

Note 1

f A review of historical noise incidents and remedies and the dissemination of noise incident knowledge.

Note 1

This BAT conclusion is based on information given in Section 4.14 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

BAT 9 je primenljiva samo na slučajeve u kojima se buka prema osetljivim receptorima mora ublažiti. Smatra se da se radi na ublažavanju buke kada lokalni inspektori ili Sektor za kontrolu i nadzor sprovode mere inspekcijskog nadzora.Kada su emisije buke ograničene/ublažene, tehnike za nove instalacije iz BAT 10 mogu se primenjivati i na postojeće instalacije. Operater takvog postrojenja može da izvrši procenu u skladu sa BAT 10.

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Za sprečavanje, ili kada je to nemoguće, za smanjenje emisija buke, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.

BAT 10

Technique Description Applicability

a Operational measures

These include measures, such as: i. closure of doors and major openings

of the building, especially during feeding time, if possible;

ii. equipment operation by experienced staff;

iii. avoidance of noisy activities at night and during weekends, if possible;

iv. provisions for noise control during maintenance activities;

v. operate conveyers and augers full of feed, if possible;

vi. keep outdoor scraped areas to a minimum in order to reduce noise from scraper tractors.


b Noise abatement

Noise propagation can be reduced by inserting obstacles between emitters and receivers.

May not be generally applicable due to biosecurity reasons.

c Ensure adequate distances between the plant/farm and the sensitive receptors

At the planning stage of the plant/farm, adequate distances between the plant/farm and the sensitive receptors are ensured by applying minimum standard distances.

May not be generally applicable to existing plants/farms.

d Equipment location

Noise levels can be reduced by: i. increasing the distance between the

emitter and the receiver (locate as far away as practicable from sensitive receptors);

ii. minimising the length of feed delivery pipes;

iii. Locating feed bins and feed silos so as to minimise the movement of vehicles on the farm.

In the case of existing plants, the relocation of equipment may be restricted by the lack of space or excessive costs.

e Low Noise Equipment

This includes equipment, such as: i. high efficiency fans, when natural

ventilation is not possible or sufficient; ii. pumps and compressors; iii. feeding system which reduces the

prefeeding stimulus (e.g. holding hoppers, passive ad libitum feeders, compact feeders).

BAT 7.d.iii is applicable only to pig plants. Passive ad libitum feeders are only applicable when the equipment is new or replaced or when animals do not require a restricted feeding.


Za smanjenje emisija prašine iz objekata za uzgoj, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.

BAT 11


a Reduce dust generation inside livestock buildings. For this purpose, a combination of the following techniques may be used:

1. Use coarser bedding material (e.g. long straw or wood shavings rather than chopped straw);

Long straw is not applicable in slurry-based systems.

2. Apply fresh litter using a low-dust littering technique (e.g. by hand);


3. Apply ad libitum feeding;


4. Use moist feed, pelleted feed or add oily raw materials or binders in dry feed systems;


5. Equip dry feed stores which are filled pneumatically with dust separators;


6. Design and operate the ventilation system with low air speed within the house.

The applicability may be limited by animal welfare considerations.

b Reduce dust concentration inside houses by applying one of the following techniques:

1. Water fogging;

Applicability may be restricted by the animal sensation of thermal decrease during fogging, in particular at sensitive stages of the animals life, and/or for cold and humid climates. Applicability may also be restricted for solid manure systems at the end of the rearing period due to high ammonia emissions.

2. Oil spraying;

Only applicable to poultry plants with birds older than around 21 days. The applicability to plants for laying hens may be limited due to the risk of contamination of the equipment present in the shed.

3. Ionisation.

May not be applicable to pig plants or to existing poultry plants due to technical and/or economic reasons.

c Treatment of exhaust air by an air cleaning system, such as:


Za instalacije u kojima se očekuje emisija neprijatnih mirisa prema osetljivim receptorima, odnosno gde je potrebno ublažiti uticaj mirisa, BAT je izrada, primena i neprestana revizija plana upravljanja mirisima kao dela sistema upravljanja u životnoj sredini (videti BAT 1), koji sadrži sledeće elemente:

BAT 12 Technique Applicability

a A protocol containing appropriate actions and timelines

Note 1

b A protocol for conducting odour monitoring;

Note 1

c A protocol for response to identified odour nuisance;

Note 1

d An odour prevention and elimination programme designed to e.g. identify the source(s), to monitor odour emissions, to characterise the contributions of the sources and to implement elimination and/or reduction measures;

Note 1

e A review of historical odour incidents and remedies and the dissemination of odour incident knowledge;

Note 1

This BAT conclusion is based on information given in Section 4.10 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

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Za nove instalacije, ili za postojeće u kojima je smanjen uticaj neprijatnih mirisa, za sprečavanje, ili gde to nije moguće, za smanjenje emisija mirisa i/ili uticaja mirisa sa farme, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz nastavka teksta.

BAT 13


a Optimise the discharge conditions of exhaust air from the animal house by using one or a combination of the following techniques: • increasing the outlet height (e.g. exhaust air above

roof level, stacks, divert air exhaust through the ridge instead of through the low part of the walls);

• increasing the vertical outlet ventilation velocity; • effective placement of external barriers to create

turbulence in the outgoing air flow (e.g. vegetation);

• adding deflector covers in exhaust apertures located in low parts of walls in order to divert exhaust air towards the ground;

• dispersing the exhaust air at the housing side which faces away from the sensitive receptor;

• aligning the ridge axis of a naturally ventilated building transversally to the prevailing wind direction.

Alignment of the ridge axis is not applicable for existing plants.

b Ensure adequate distances between the farm/plant and the sensitive receptors.

May not be generally applicable to existing farms/plants.

c Use a housing system which implements one or a combination of the following principles: • keeping the animals and the surfaces dry and clean

(e.g. avoid feed spillages, avoid dunging in lying areas of partly slatted floors);

• reducing the emitting surface of manure (e.g. use metal or plastic slats, channels with a reduced exposed manure surface);

• removing manure frequently to an external store; • reducing the temperature of the manure (e.g. by

slurry cooling) and of the indoor environment; • decreasing the air flow and velocity over the

manure surface; • keeping the litter dry and under aerobic conditions

in litter-based systems.

Decreasing the temperature of the indoor environment, the air flow and the velocity may not be applicable due to animal welfare considerations. Slurry removal by flushing is not applicable to pig farms located close to sensitive receptors due to odour peaks. See applicability for animal housing in BAT 20, BAT 21, BAT 22, BAT 23 and BAT 24.

d Use an air cleaning system, such as: 1. Bioscrubber (or biotrickling filter); 2. Biofilter; 3. Two-stage or three-stage air cleaning

system.

This technique may not be generally applicable due to the high implementation cost. Applicable to existing plants only where a centralised ventilation system is used. Biofilter is only applicable to slurry-based plants. For biofilter, a sufficient area outside the animal house is needed to accommodate the filter packages.

Problemi neprijatnih mirisa

Upravljanje neprijatnim mirisima• Velike farme svinja su izvor emisija neprijatnih mirisa• Postoji direktna veza između broja svinja i generisanih mirisa• Veoma je teško ublažiti neprijatne mirise• Dobro upravljanje farmama• Dobri odnosi sa komšijama• Ako postoji problem, može se razmotriti smanjenje obima

preduzeća• Od ključnog je značaja razmatranje lokacije za nova postrojenja• Može se zahtevati modelovanje disperzije vazduha – povećanje

rastojanja kao alternativa

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Za sprečavanje, a gde to nije moguće, za smanjenje emisija u zemljište i vodu iz skladišta čvrstog stajnjaka, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz daljeg teksta, i to sledećim redom prioriteta.


a Store dried solid manure in a barn.

Generally applicable

b Use a concrete silo for storage.


c Store solid manure on solid impermeable floor equipped with a drainage system and a collection tank for the run-off.


d Select a storage facility with a sufficient capacity to hold the manure during periods in which the application to land is not possible.


e Store solid manure in field heaps placed away from surface and/or underground watercourses which liquid run-off might enter.

Only applicable to temporary field heaps which change location each year.



Za nove aktivnosti, a u cilju smanjenja emisija amonijaka u vazduh iz skladišta tečnog stajnjaka, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz daljeg teksta.

BAT 15


a Appropriate design and management of the slurry tank by using a combination of the following techniques:

1. Reduce the ratio between the emitting surface area and the volume of the slurry tank;

May not be generally applicable to existing tanks. Excessively high slurry stores may not be applicable due to increased costs and safety risks.

2. Reduce wind velocity and air exchange on the slurry surface by operating the tank at a lower level of fill;

May not be generally applicable to existing tanks.

3. Minimise stirring of slurry.


b Cover slurry tanks. For this purpose, one of the following techniques may be used:

1. Rigid cover;

May not be applicable to existing plants due to economic considerations and structural limitations to withstand the extra load.

2. Flexible covers;

Flexible covers are not applicable in areas where prevailing weather conditions can compromise their structure.

3. Floating covers such as: • plastic pellets • light bulk materials • floating flexible covers • geometrical plastic tiles • air-inflated cover • natural crust • straw.

The use of plastic pellets, light bulk materials and geometrical plastic tiles is not applicable for naturally crusting slurries. Agitation of the slurry during stirring, filling and emptying may preclude the use of some floating materials which may cause sedimentation or blockages in the pumps. Natural crust formation may not be applicable in cold climates and/or to slurry with low dry matter content. Natural crust is not applicable for tanks where stirring, filling and/or discharging of slurry disturbs the surface.

c Slurry acidification.



Za smanjenje emisija amonijaka iz zemljanih laguna za tečni stajnjak, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz daljeg teksta.


a Minimise stirring of the slurry


b Cover the earth-banked slurry stores (lagoons) with flexible and/or floating covers such as: • flexible plastic sheets • light bulk materials • natural crust • straw.

Plastic sheets may not be applicable to large existing lagoons due to structural reasons. Straw and light bulk materials may not be applicable to large lagoons where wind drift does not permit the lagoon surface to be kept fully covered. The use of light bulk materials is not applicable for naturally crusting slurries. Agitation of the slurry during stirring, filling and emptying may preclude the use of some floating materials which may cause sedimentation or blockages in the pumps. Natural crust formation may not be applicable in cold climates and/or to slurry with low dry matter content. Natural crust is not applicable for lagoons where stirring, filling and/or discharging of slurry disturbs frequently the surface.

(1) A description of the techniques is given in Sections 5.4.6.1 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

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Za sprečavanje emisija u zemljište i vodu iz sakupljanja tečnog stajnjaka, cevi, i tankova, odnosno zemljanih laguna za tečni stajnjak, BAT je kombinacija tehnika iz daljeg teksta.


a Use storage tanks that are able to withstand mechanical, chemical and thermal influences


b Select a storage facility with a sufficient capacity to hold the manure during periods in which the application to land is not possible


c Construct leak-proof facilities and equipment for collection and transfer of slurry (e.g. pits, channels, drains, pump stations)


d Where slurry is stored in earth-banked stores (lagoons), these shall be constructed with an impermeable base and walls e.g. with clay or plastic lining (or double-lined)

Generally applicable to lagoons.

e Check structural integrity of stores at least once a year


f Install a leakage detection system, e.g. consisting of a geomembrane, a drainage layer and a drainage pipe system

Only applicable to new plants.

(1) A description of the techniques is given in Section 5.4.6.2 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.


Ako se na farmi vrši prerada stajnjaka, za smanjenje emisija azota, fosfora, neprijatnih mirisa i mikrobnih patogena u vazduh i vodu, i za bolje skladištenje i rasturanje stajnjaka, BAT je prerada stajnjaka primenom jedne ili kombinacije tehnika datih u nastavku.

BAT 18

Technique (1) Applicability a Mechanical separation of slurry. This

includes e.g.: • Screw press and auger separator • Decanter-centrifuge separator • Flocculation-Coagulation • Separation by sieves • Filter pressing.

Only applicable when: • a reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus content

is needed due to limited available land for manure application;

• manure cannot be transported for landspreading at a reasonable cost.

The use of polyacrylamide as a flocculant may not be applicable due to the risk of acrylamide formation.

b Anaerobic digestion of manure in a biogas installation.

This technique may not be generally applicable due to the high implementation cost.

c Use of an external tunnel for manure drying.

Only applicable to manure from plants for laying hens. Not applicable to existing plants without manure belts.

d Aerobic digestion (aeration) of slurry.

Only applicable when pathogen and odour reduction is important prior to landspreading. In cold climates, it may be difficult to maintain the required level of aeration during winter.

e Nitrification-denitrification of slurry.

Not applicable to new plants/farms. Only applicable to existing plants/farms when the removal of nitrogen is necessary due to limited available land for manure application.

f Composting of solid manure.

Only applicable when: • manure cannot be transported for

landspreading at a reasonable cost • pathogen and odour reduction is important

prior to landspreading • there is enough space in the farm for windrows

to be established


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Za sprečavanje, ili kada to nije moguće, smanjenje emisija azota, fosfora i mikrobnih patogena u zemljište i vodu iz operacija rasturanja stajnjaka, BAT je primena svih dole navedenih tehnika.

BAT 19

Technique a Assess the manure receiving land to identify risks of run-off, taking into account:

• soil type, conditions and slope of the field • climatic conditions • field drainage and irrigation • crop rotations • water resources and water protected zones.

b Keep sufficient distances between manure spreading fields (leaving an untreated strip of land) and: 1 areas where there is a risk of run-off to water such as watercourses, springs,

boreholes, etc. 2 neighbouring properties (including hedges).

c Avoid manure spreading when the risk of run-off can be significant. In particular, manure is not applied when: 1 the field is flooded, frozen or snow-covered; 2 soil conditions (e.g. water saturation or compaction) in combination with the

slope of the field and/or field drainage are such that the risk of run-off or drainage is high;

3 run-off can be anticipated according to expected rainfall events.

d Adapt the manure application rate taking into account the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the manure and taking into account the characteristics of the soil (e.g. nutrient content), the seasonal crop requirements and weather or field conditions that could cause run-off.

e Synchronize the spreading of manure with the nutrient demand of crops.

f Check the spreading fields at regular intervals to check for any sign of run-off and

properly respond when necessary.

g Ensure adequate access to the slurry/manure store and that loading of manure can be done effectively without spillage.

h Check that machinery for the spreading of manure is in good working order and set

at the proper application rate.

This BAT conclusion is based on information given in Sections 4.13.1, 4.13.2, 4.13.3 of the 2015 BREF on Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs.

Dodatne BAT za nove instalacije• Postoji i 5 dodatnih BAT za smanjenje amonijaka iz novih

objekata• 1 za svinje• 2 za koke nosilje, tovne piliće, mlade koke nosilje• 1 za patke• 1 za ćurke

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Alati uz Zaključke o BAT• Alati uz Zaključke o BAT su prikazani u Excel tabelama i mogu

se koristiti za identifikaciju tehnika u primeni ili zahtevanih tehnika, a u cilju ispunjenja BAT

• Ovi alati treba da pomognu podnosiocu zahteva za integrisanu dozvolu u proceni usaglašenosti sa zahtevaima BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti

• Alati se jedino mogu primenjivati u postojećim instalacijama za uzgoj svinja i živine

Alati uz Zaključke o BAT• Za nove ili farme za koje se planira proširenje, podnosioci

treba da se pozovu na Smernice za izbor BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti (Poglavlje 5 Najbolje dostupne tehnike u sektoru intenzivne poljoprivrede)

• Za svaku navedenu BAT potrebno je popuniti odeljak “Procena primenljivosti” i upisati podatke koji se traže, odnosno “nije primenljivo”, “primenljivo” ili “implementirano”.

Alati uz Zaključke o BAT• Demo

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Smernice za izbor BAT za intenzivne poljoprivredne aktivnosti

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