The Uses of Nanosensors: From Smart Dust to Nano “Mother Ships”
Smart Nano Surgeon
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Smart Nano Surgeon EE235 Final Project May. 12 th 2009 Infinite Plus One (I.P.O) Jun-suk Hong-ki Jong-Sun
description
Smart Nano Surgeon. EE235 Final Project May. 12 th 2009 Infinite Plus One (I.P.O). Jun-suk. Hong-ki. Jong-Sun. Motivation - Today’s climate. Many diseases are threatening human all over the world. Especially, cancer, AIDS, tumor are extremely dangerous - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Smart Nano Surgeon
Smart Nano Surgeon
EE235 Final ProjectMay. 12th 2009
Infinite Plus One (I.P.O)
Jun-suk Hong-ki Jong-Sun
Group I.P.ODec. 5th 2007
• Many diseases are threatening human all over the world. Especially, cancer, AIDS, tumor are extremely dangerous
• Brand “new” diseases such as SARS, “mad-cow” disease, and Swine Influenza (SI) are breaking out.
Motivation - Today’s climate
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• Small volume of reagent samples, required for analysis.• Low power consumption, lasts longer on the same battery.• Less invasive, hence less painful.• Integration permits many systems built on a single chip.• Batch processing can lower costs significantly.• Existing nanotechnology can be used to make these devices.
Introduction: NANO in Bio-medicine
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Market Analysis
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Nanotechnology Market
$14 billion in 2004
$30 billion in 2005
$2.6 trillion in 2014
NanotechnologyVery fruitful market area
Nano-enabled products have the price premium of 11%
Lux Research, Nanotechnology Report, 4th, 2006
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Health Care Nanotechnology Product Needs
50% increase annually!
Lux Research, Nanotechnology Report, 4th, 2006
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National Health Expenditures
Health Affairs, 2008
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$2.4 trillion in 2008
$4.2 trillion in 2017
Our target market:
about $100 billion size
Projected to reach $4.3 trillion by 2017 (19.5% of GDP)
4.3 times the amount spent on national defense
An outlook for the future 10~20 years ahead.
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Market Increase of Nano robot & MEMS
15% increase annually!
Lux Research, Nanotechnology Report, 4th, 2006
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Competitor Analysis
Competitors
Human doctors:Great, but have limitationfor major new disease since they cannot go intoHuman body
Drug delivery:Works well like tablets, butlimited target, operation
Capsule Endoscope:Great for taking pictures,communication by RFIDbut low quality, no control
Nano Bug:Not realized yet, too conceptual
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Basic Concept
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Blueprint of Nano Surgeon
10-20 years in the future… What do we mean by a nanosurgeon? Imagine…
…a EMT/first responder better able to address medical emergencies before arriving at the hospital with a simple injection.
…a self-administered at-home first-aid kit capable of “surgery.”
…persistent in vivo health monitoring.
…surgery/repair on the cellular and molecular scale.
or…
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40 years ago
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Now, and Future. Our Surgeon will
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Targeting/SensingAntigen targetingNavigation via chemotaxis
Targeting/SensingAntigen targetingNavigation via chemotaxis
Mobility/ControlBiomotorMagnetic movementCatalytic pump
Mobility/ControlBiomotorMagnetic movementCatalytic pump
ActionDrug releaseCauterizationAblation
ActionDrug releaseCauterizationAblation
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Applications of Nano Surgeon
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Targeting
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Targeting
[] Purpose
Gradient detection – navigation via chemotaxis
Target locking (site specificity) – Action trigger (drug
release), accumulation (selective ablation).[] Sensing requirements
Very low detection limit.
Label-free detection.
High specificity, low NSB.
Consistent, reliable signal output.
Size! (nano)
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Targeting
[] Sensors + Nano
High field enhancement (optical)
Better mass sensitivity (cantilever)
∆z = L2/t2 ∆
‘bulk’ depletion/accumulation (nanowire)
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Targeting
[] Nanowire field-effect sensor
Surface chemistry to covalently link antibody receptors to
nanowire.
Influenza A single virus particle detection in dilute solution.
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Patolsky F. et.al. PNAS 2004;101:14017-14022
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Targeting
[] Nanowire field-effect sensor
≈100 virus particles per μl (≈0.16 fM)
Consistent signal change (≈20 nS) and duration (≈20 s)
High sensitivity with decreased sensing area low NSB
Linear response
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Targeting
[] Nanowire field-effect sensor
Detection limit: down to 10 fM and below shown
Label-free!
High specificity, low NSB.
Consistent, reliable signal output.
Size: down to 2-3nm wires. 2µm sensors demonstrated.
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Detection Limit Comparison
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Method Detection Limit
SPRI ~1 nM (protein)
Flow SPR ~54 fM (DNA)
CNT ~25 nM (H202)
Optofluidic Ring
~10 pM (DNA)
TIRF ~0.5 pM (DNA)
[] FOM
RIU, pg-mm-2, cfu/mL, µM…
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Targeting
[] Selective Functionalization
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Targeting
[] Selective Functionalization
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Targeting
[] Ligand-mediated hinge-bending
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Control
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Current Technology of moving/control
ControllingNanoscale
Robots
Japan, Dr. SudoMagnetic swimming Robot
Switzerland, ETH, Dr. NelsonMagnetic Helmholtz Robot
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Canada, Dr. MartelMRI based nano robot
Isarel, Dr. SolomonFluidic Control
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Principle of MRI
Previous use: Limited to diagnostic
Hardware: Commercial MRI machines can be used to generate required magnetic field.
Commercial 3T MRI (Phillips)
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Common Coil Design to Control in vivo Robot
The Magnetic Field Created by Helmholtz Coil Pair
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/helmholtz.html
The Helmholtz Coil Pair
www.oersted.com/helmholtz_coils_1.shtml
The Maxwell Coil Pair and Direction of Current Flow
http://physics-nmr.la.asu.edu/probes/hightemp/Images/maxwellpair.jpg
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Magnetic Gradient Field
Microrobot movement with changing magnetic field
Microrobot movement with changing magnetic field
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Video Clip
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Nano Robotics Lab, Prof. M. Sitti, Carnegie Mellon University
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Action
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Action
For better treatment,
We need ‘smart’ drug injection
Drug delivery Drug release
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Smart Drug delivery
-Biocompatibiliy-Control over size-Reproducibility
Nanofabrication
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Smart Drug delivery
Nano-porous silicon-based particle
Biocompatible
Photolithography-based fabrication
1) Nitride deposit
2) Patterning
3) Anodizing (pores)
4) Electropolishing
porous silicon particle
Cohen et. al., Biomedical Microdevices 5:3, 253-259,2003
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Smart Drug delivery
Nano-porous silicon-based particle
Biocompatible
Photolithography-based fabrication
1) Nitride deposit
2) Patterning
3) Anodizing (pores)
4) Electropolishing
porous silicon particle
Recently 1.6µm
Not flat shape
Cohen et. al., Biomedical Microdevices 5:3, 253-259,2003
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Smart Drug release
Biophysical barriers-Osmotic pressure-Diffusion
How to overcome?
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Smart Drug release
Penentration enhancer
Fenestration
Conjugate molecular track movement
Abraxane – breast cancer medicine
50% improved dosages
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Option
MRI resolution enhancing nanoparticlesGadolinium-based, iron oxide based superparamagnatic nanoparticles
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Issues, Future &Conclusion
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Critical Issue: Power
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Critical Issue: Power-Biomolecular motor
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If power issue is solved,
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SINTEF, Norway
Novineon, Germany
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Future Progress
[1] Immerging Technologies Nanoscale High Efficient VCSELS: Use of laser for tissue burning SOC Level Integration: Self-decision of Smart Nanosurgeon Miniaturization of Devices: Limit of total device is 1 um Complex Synchronized Control: Control team of several nano
surgeon devices Self Sufficient Power Supply
[2] Additional Applications Smart Toothpaste: Nano robots to clean mouth overnight Nano Plastic Surgeon: Termination of fat cells or
shifting/alternation of bones will lead to precise plastic surgery Health Monitoring System: Nano robots kept in living organ to
monitor status
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Business Plan
Technical Area
1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Sensing
Action
Control
Power
Compatibility
Test
Basic Methodology(Macro)- MRI control
Animal Experiment:Sensing/Actuation/Cure:Compatibility
Human Experiment:Sensing/Actuation/Cure:Compatibility
Power Source (Macro):Bio Battery:Wireless power supply
Power Source (Micro):Bio Battery:Wireless power supply
Advanced Methodology(Micro)- MRI control
- System design- Sampling/Drug Delivery
-Chemical Sensor Development (Macro Micro)Optimization
Optimization(Micro)
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Conclusion - S.W.O.T Analysis
Strength Weakness
•Innovative medical method
•No surgery
•Simple and comfortable
•Precise control
•Experiments in vivo (human)
•Price
•Feasibility
Opportunity Threat
•Conquer all existing diseases
•Other medical applications
•Developments of other medical
devices are also very fast
•Doctor
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We need money !!
Current Status Early Market Stage: Need R&D funds to build core
competence, aiming for the chasm stage
The earlymarket
The mainstreammarketThe chasm
Conventional Technology
New Technology
New Technology
Conventional Process
Nano Surgeon
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References
S. Park et al, 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference, 2005
N. Haas, et al, BME 200/300 Design U of Winconsin –Madison, 2008
J. B. Mathieu, G. Beaudoin, IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Eng. Vol 53, No2, 2006
Z. Li et al, Applied Physics A, Vol. 80, 2005
A.K. Singh et al, Biosensors & Bioelectronics, Vol. 14, 1999
R. Bogue, Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 2008
K. B. Yesin, Experimental Robotics, 2006
K. B. Yesin, MICCAI, 2005
M. Sitti et al, IEEE International conference on Robotics and Automation, 2008
K. Ishiyama et al, IEEE transactions on Magnetics, 1996
M. Sitti, Nature, 2009
M. Sitti et al, Applied Physics Letter, 2009
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References
Keehan, S., et al., Health Affairs Web Exclusive W146: 21 February 2008.
Patolsky, F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2004, 101, 14017.
Patolsky, F., et al., Materials Today, 2005, 8 (4), 20-28.
Sundararajan, S., et al., Nano Lett., 2008, 8 (5), 1271-1276.
Yake, A., et al., Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8 (6), 1958-1965.
Ferrari et al., Nature Revies, Vol. 5, March 2005, 161-171
Grayson et al., Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 92, No. 1, January 2004
Green et al., Annals of Oncology 17, June 2006, 1263-1268
Serda et al., Biomaterials Vol. 30, 2009, 2440-2448
Harisinghani et al., the New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 348, No. 25, June 2003
Santini et al., Nature, Vol. 397, January 1999
Cohen et al., Biomedical Microdevices, 5:3, 2003, 253-259
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Where do you want to invest your $$$?
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Where do you want to invest your $$$?
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