Smart Lab Overview For Green Campus Interns 11 17 2010

Smart Lab BuildingsSmart Lab Buildings

Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Facilities Management / Environmental Chancellor, Facilities Management / Environmental

Health & Safety Health & Safety Matt Gudorf Interim Campus Energy Manager, Energy Matt Gudorf Interim Campus Energy Manager, Energy

Project ManagerProject Manager

University of California, University of California, IrvineIrvine

Large research universityLarge research university$16M annual utilities budget$16M annual utilities budget

Lab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyLab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyMany energy initiatives to reduce carbon Many energy initiatives to reduce carbon

footprintfootprint

Campus Energy $avingsCampus Energy $avingsTeam SynergyTeam Synergy

SafetyManageme

nt

Visionary & Supportive

UpperManagement

Engineers

FacilityManager

s

Patience

Supportive Users/Researchers

AgendaAgenda

Smart Lab Overview Smart Lab Overview Centralized Demand Controlled Centralized Demand Controlled

VentilationVentilation Low Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume Hoods Exhaust System OptimizationExhaust System Optimization Laboratory Smart Lighting ControlsLaboratory Smart Lighting Controls Smart Lab Case Study: Gross HallSmart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall

Balancing Lab Balancing Lab Safety & Safety &

Climate SafetyClimate Safety Create lab buildings that out perform Create lab buildings that out perform

ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 50%ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 50%

Combine energy initiatives such asCombine energy initiatives such as Centralized demand controlled ventilation Centralized demand controlled ventilation

(CDCV)(CDCV) Low flow (high performance) fume hoodsLow flow (high performance) fume hoods Reduced building exhaust stack airspeedsReduced building exhaust stack airspeeds Energy-efficient lightingEnergy-efficient lighting

Labs w/CDCVreal time lab air monitoring4 ach occupied2 ach unoccupied

Energy efficientlighting

Labs with low flow fume hoods(as appropriate)

Smart Lab Building Smart Lab Building ConceptConcept

Building Exhaust System

Smart Lab Smart Lab ParametersParameters

Current Best Practice Smart Lab Parameters

Air-handler/filtration airspeeds 400 ft/min. max 350 ft/min. max

Total system (supply + exhaust) pressure-drop 6 in. w.g. <5 in. w.g. (incl. dirty filter allow.)

Duct noise attenuators Few None

Occupied lab air-changes/hr. (ACH) 6 ACH 4 ACH w/contaminant sensing

Night air-change setback (unoccupied) No setback 2 ACH w/occupancy + contaminant sensing

+ no thermal inputs during setbacks

Low-flow/high-performance fume hoods No Yes, where hood density warrants

Fume hood face-velocities 100 FPM 70 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood face-velocities (unoccupied) 100 FPM 40 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood auto-closers None Where hood density high

Exhaust stack discharge velocity ~3,500 FPM Reduce or eliminate bypass air,

wind responsive controls

Lab illumination power-density 0.9 watt/SF 0.6 watt/SF w/LED task lighting

Fixtures near windows on daylight sensors No Yes

Energy Star freezers & refrigerators No Yes

Out-perform CA Title 24 20-25% 50%

AgendaAgenda



CDCV & Energy $avingsCDCV & Energy $avings Monitor Air Monitor Air

ContaminantsContaminants

ReduceReduce air changes per hour air changes per hour (ACH) (ACH)

if no contaminants detectedif no contaminants detected

IncreaseIncrease air changes per hour air changes per hour (ACH) (ACH)

when contaminants detectedwhen contaminants detected

Question: Is Increased Question: Is Increased ACH Safer?ACH Safer?

““Specification of Airflow Rates in Specification of Airflow Rates in Laboratories” by Tom Smith, Exposure Laboratories” by Tom Smith, Exposure Control TechnologiesControl Technologies

Conclusions: Conclusions: ACH as a metric for dilution is “too simplistic”ACH as a metric for dilution is “too simplistic” Need to take into account other factors that Need to take into account other factors that

lead to exposure, including contaminant lead to exposure, including contaminant generation rate, air mixing, etc.generation rate, air mixing, etc.

““Increased airflow may increase contaminant Increased airflow may increase contaminant generation and distribution throughout the generation and distribution throughout the space”space”

May lead to “false sense of safety”May lead to “false sense of safety”

Answer: Not NecessarilyAnswer: Not Necessarily

Alternatives to simply Alternatives to simply increasing ACH: increasing ACH:

Base air exchange rate on Base air exchange rate on contaminant generation contaminant generation

Review lab practices Review lab practices Attain proper air mix ratios Attain proper air mix ratios Reduce overall ACH to save Reduce overall ACH to save

energy and increase ACH as energy and increase ACH as needed via “smart controls”needed via “smart controls”

CA Ventilation Code CA Ventilation Code Requirements:Requirements:

Effective 1/2008Effective 1/2008 Refers to ASHRAE Refers to ASHRAE 62.1-200462.1-2004 New constructionNew construction No category for No category for university research university research labs labs

B “Research” Labs:B “Research” Labs: 0.43cfm/sf0.43cfm/sf Therefore: Therefore: 12 ft ceiling = 2.15 ACH12 ft ceiling = 2.15 ACH10 ft ceiling = 2.58 ACH10 ft ceiling = 2.58 ACH8 ft ceiling = 3.23 ACH8 ft ceiling = 3.23 ACH

B“Science Classroom”/L B“Science Classroom”/L (H-8): (H-8): 1 cfm/sf 1 cfm/sf

California California MechanicalMechanical

Code 2007Code 2007

In effect through In effect through December 2007December 2007Existing Existing constructionconstruction

B Labs:B Labs: 6 ACH 6 ACH H-8 LabsH-8 Labs: 1 cfm/sf: 1 cfm/sf Therefore:Therefore:12 ft ceiling = 5 ACH12 ft ceiling = 5 ACH10 ft ceiling = 6 ACH10 ft ceiling = 6 ACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACH

California Building California Building Code 2001Code 2001

CommentsCommentsVentilation Requirements Ventilation Requirements Code in Effect Code in Effect

Need “Alternative Means of Protection” from CA State Fire Marshal

for Less Than Minimum Required Ventilation

AgendaAgenda



Sash

AirfoilWork

Surface

Exhaust Plenum

Baffle

Increased Hood Depth

Operate safely at lower face velocities (i.e. 70 FPM rather than 100 FPM)

Low Flow (high performance) Low Flow (high performance) Fume HoodsFume Hoods

Benefits of Low Flow Fume Benefits of Low Flow Fume Hoods – UCI Study 2008Hoods – UCI Study 2008

Both traditional and low flow fume hoods Both traditional and low flow fume hoods UC Irvine subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 UC Irvine subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 teststests

Low flow hoods performed better than Low flow hoods performed better than standard hood at 80 & 100 fpm with fully standard hood at 80 & 100 fpm with fully open sash and at 18” open sashopen sash and at 18” open sash Tracer gas results were well under 0.1ppm “as Tracer gas results were well under 0.1ppm “as

used” ASHRAE criteriaused” ASHRAE criteria Low flow hoods save significant energy, Low flow hoods save significant energy,

particularly in constant volume systemsparticularly in constant volume systems Low flow hoods may be a good solution in Low flow hoods may be a good solution in

buildings with limited HVAC capacitybuildings with limited HVAC capacity

Flow & Cost ComparisonFlow & Cost ComparisonHVAC System HVAC System Type and Type and Fume Hood Fume Hood EquipmentEquipment

Flow at 100 fpm Flow at 100 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Flow at 80 fpm Flow at 80 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Flow at 70 fpm Flow at 70 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity

Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Constant Air Constant Air VolumeVolume

900 CFM900 CFM

$4500$4500720 CFM720 CFM

$3600$3600630 CFM630 CFM

$3150$3150

Variable Air Variable Air Volume (VAV)Volume (VAV)

Good: 682 CFM/$3410Good: 682 CFM/$3410

Poor: 851 CFM/$4255Poor: 851 CFM/$4255Good: 568 CFM/$2840Good: 568 CFM/$2840


Poor: 604 CFM/$3020Poor: 604 CFM/$3020

VAV with ZPSVAV with ZPS Good: 492 CFM/$2460Good: 492 CFM/$2460



Poor: 530 CFM/$2650Poor: 530 CFM/$2650

VAV with ASCVAV with ASC 361 CFM361 CFM

$1,805$1,805343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715335 CFM335 CFM

$1,675$1,675

VAV with VAV with Perfect Sash Perfect Sash ManagementManagement

343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715331 CFM331 CFM

$1,655$1,655325 CFM325 CFM

$1,625$1,625

AgendaAgenda



Lab Building ExhaustLab Building Exhaust

Wind

Exhaust Fan Bypass Damper

Plenum

Fume Hood

Supply Fan Duct

Balcony

Re-Entrainment of Contaminated Air

Wind Tunnel TestingWind Tunnel TestingChallenge Conservative Challenge Conservative

AssumptionsAssumptions

Wind Tunnel TestingWind Tunnel Testing

Build model of Build model of campuscampus

Install model stacksInstall model stacks An abundance of air An abundance of air

sampling point sampling point receptorsreceptors

Slightly higher stacks, 4-5 feet

Variable speed fans (reduce exhaust fan flows)Install wind responsive equipment (if needed)

Reduce or eliminate bypass air

Exhaust Energy Reduction Exhaust Energy Reduction SolutionsSolutions

Original Stack Height

New Stack Height

Croul HallCroul Hall

Install variable Install variable frequency drives frequency drives (VFD)(VFD)

8’ Stack 8’ Stack ExtensionsExtensions

Static Pressure Static Pressure ResetReset

Energy Savings: Energy Savings: 344,000 kWh344,000 kWh

AgendaAgenda


VentilationVentilation Low Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume Hoods Exhaust System OptimizationExhaust System Optimization Laboratory Smart Lighting Laboratory Smart Lighting

ControlsControls Smart Lab Case Study: Gross HallSmart Lab Case Study: Gross Hall

Lab Area LPD from 1.1 to 0.6

Lab Prep LPD

from 1.0 to 0.4

Prep Room LPD from 2.0 to 1.0

Corridor LPD from 0.6 to 0.3

Lighting Controls Lighting Controls Reduce Power Density by Reduce Power Density by

50%50%

Lamp and BallastLamp and Ballast Replace existing 32 watt T8 lamps Replace existing 32 watt T8 lamps

with 25 watt T8 lampswith 25 watt T8 lamps Replace existing NLO instant start Replace existing NLO instant start

ballast with RLO program start ballast with RLO program start ballastballast In renovation projects, use reduced light In renovation projects, use reduced light

output (RLO) electronic ballasts in output (RLO) electronic ballasts in building spaces lighted with fluorescent building spaces lighted with fluorescent lamps where slightly lower light levels lamps where slightly lower light levels will suffice. RLO ballasts produce will suffice. RLO ballasts produce approximately 75% of rated light output approximately 75% of rated light output and use 12% to 20% less power than and use 12% to 20% less power than standard NLO ballasts. standard NLO ballasts.

Lower Blinds Lower Blinds to Allow for to Allow for

DaylightingDaylighting

Fixture Closest to the Fixture Closest to the Window is OFFWindow is OFF

Manual Switch Manual Switch to Occupancy to Occupancy

SensorSensor

50% Auto On - Manual to 50% Auto On - Manual to 100% 100%

A-B CIRCUITING

Auto on to 50% Light Auto on to 50% Light LevelLevel

Gross Hall Perforated Gross Hall Perforated BlindsBlinds

High performance High performance glazingglazing

Perforated blinds Perforated blinds allow diffuse light allow diffuse light to enter the space to enter the space when closedwhen closed

Reduced glareReduced glare Increased Increased

occupant controloccupant control

AgendaAgenda


VentilationVentilation Low Flow Fume HoodsLow Flow Fume Hoods Exhaust System OptimizationExhaust System Optimization Laboratory Smart Lighting ControlsLaboratory Smart Lighting Controls Smart Lab Case Study: Gross Smart Lab Case Study: Gross

HallHall

Bill & Sue Gross HallBill & Sue Gross HallA Smart & Sustainable A Smart & Sustainable

DesignDesign

Gross Hall FeaturesGross Hall Features Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation - Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation - real-real-

time indoor air quality monitoring, varies the ventilation time indoor air quality monitoring, varies the ventilation raterate

Occupancy Based Controls -Occupancy Based Controls - controls both ventilation controls both ventilation system & lightingsystem & lighting

Natural VentilationNatural Ventilation -- operable windows linked with operable windows linked with mechanical ventilationmechanical ventilation

Smart Lighting Controls - Smart Lighting Controls - daylighting sensors used with daylighting sensors used with perforated blinds perforated blinds

Energy Star Equipment - Energy Star Equipment - freezers, refrigerators, ice freezers, refrigerators, ice machines & copiersmachines & copiers

Air Handling System - Air Handling System - larger components allow a low larger components allow a low velocity system, reducing pressure drops throughout the velocity system, reducing pressure drops throughout the system.system.

Building Exhaust - Building Exhaust - right sized exhaust system eliminates right sized exhaust system eliminates bypass airbypass air

Right Sized Air Handlers & Right Sized Air Handlers & ExhaustExhaust

Operable Windows Operable Windows Interlocked with HVAC Interlocked with HVAC

SystemSystem

Smart Lab “Safety Net”Smart Lab “Safety Net”

Phoenix Controls Phoenix Controls Celeris® Display Celeris® Display PanelsPanels Currently in use Currently in use

at Gross Hallat Gross Hall Programmed to Programmed to

display ACH, display ACH, occupancy status occupancy status and ventilation and ventilation offset offset information information within labwithin lab

Smart Lab “Safety Net”Smart Lab “Safety Net” Emergency General Emergency General

Ventilation Purge Ventilation Purge “Red Button”“Red Button” Fully opens general Fully opens general

exhaust ventilation exhaust ventilation valvesvalves

Response within Response within minutesminutes

Integrated alarm Integrated alarm systemsystem

Deactivates when Deactivates when button is pulled outbutton is pulled out

Smart Lab “Safety Net”Smart Lab “Safety Net”

Occupant TrainingOccupant Training Occupant welcome Occupant welcome

brochurebrochure ““Red Button” Red Button”

signagesignage

Estimated annual energy savings:• 890,080 kWh electrical with 193 kW demand

reduction• 22,464 therms of natural gas

Estimated annual energy cost savings:• $110,980 at $0.105/kWh and $0.78/therm

Savings by Design payment of $397,836 Exceeding Title 24 by 50%

Bid as a LEED New Construction (NC) Silver Design Build contractor proposed to increase the sustainable features to achieve LEED NC

Gold certification

Smart Labs Smart Labs Considerations/ChallengesConsiderations/Challenges

MaintenanceMaintenance Mechanical Repairs to Phoenix Mechanical Repairs to Phoenix

system (poppets, valves, etc)system (poppets, valves, etc) Software updates/adjustments to Software updates/adjustments to

Johnson ControlsJohnson Controls Sensor calibration/replacementSensor calibration/replacement Calibration of sash sensors, zone Calibration of sash sensors, zone

presence sensors, etc.presence sensors, etc.

Smart Labs Smart Labs Considerations/ChallengesConsiderations/Challenges

ConsiderationsConsiderations Lack of “universal” CDCV sensor for Lack of “universal” CDCV sensor for

all chemicals all chemicals CA requires variance from Cal/OSHA CA requires variance from Cal/OSHA

to allow use of low flow hoodsto allow use of low flow hoods Risk Assessment of lab operations Risk Assessment of lab operations

needed to select the appropriate needed to select the appropriate smart controlssmart controls

Life cycle cost/payback analysis Life cycle cost/payback analysis needed!needed!

Questions?Questions?

Information Presented Information Presented TodayToday

UC Irvine’s Smart Lab Retrofit GuideUC Irvine’s Smart Lab Retrofit Guide http://slidesha.re/cXtEOzhttp://slidesha.re/cXtEOz

Smart Lab Buildings PresentationSmart Lab Buildings Presentation http://slidesha.re/c9o9cfhttp://slidesha.re/c9o9cf

CDCV CDCV The Commissioning, Lab The Commissioning, Lab Safety, and Energy Savings ToolSafety, and Energy Savings Tool http://slidesha.re/ccmIPDhttp://slidesha.re/ccmIPD

Thank You!Thank You!

Smart Lab Overview For Green Campus Interns 11 17 2010

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