Smart Home System - Software and Hardware

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    High Level Design

    Hardware

    Software

    Results

    Conclusions

    Appendices

    ECE 4760:Final Projects

    Smart Home System

    A wireless, voice-controllable, o!seol" system#

    $iay!an %an& 'jw()7*cornell#e"!+

    Sen& an& 's)6(*cornell#e"!+

    "A wireless sstem to control the lights! fans and other home devices human#s voice$"

    Pro%ect Soundte

    .otivation to/

    &e design a smart home control sstem which allow people control their home devices voicecommand at home$ 'his is a wireless! voice control sstem$ People could control almost all thefacilities at home including lights! fans or even ac( ground music$ Right now! the asic function

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    of lights control! fan control and music control have all een implemented$ E)cept for asicturning on and off of fasilities at home! we also reali*e the function of fi)ed+time control! anderror detection when some device is ro(en$ 'he sstem is ,uic( enough for respond all thecommands$

    -ur smart home sstem is a simulation product for the future life$ 'he purpose of it is to ma(epeople#s lives more convenient$ 'o replace turn on or turn off on switches hand for currentproduct! our sstem is controlled voice$ 'hat should e a trend for the future ./ ears whichwe elieve that it is coming to real product soon$ How to ma(e people0s life more convenient!more comfortale! more safe and how to save more energ will e the series of ,uestions we willcare! discuss and design in our pro%ect$ 1ust imagining! after ou coo( a ig pot soup and want toleave the (itchen! ou don0t have more hands to turn off the (itchen0s light$ 2f our pro%ectecomes a mature product! ou can set up our sstem in the home! ou can turn off the lights voice when ou hold a pot soup at the same time$ &hen ou read the oo( in ed at night! ouare not sure when ou will sleep! ou can tell the sstem when ou want the light turn off! thetimer in the sstem will help count the time and turn off the lights with the time ou have set$

    Early %or to/

    %y we coose wireless si&nal transmission1

    &hen someone gets home and wants to enale light! fan! music at home! he ma use his voice tocontrol his household appliance$ However! the transmission distance of the voice is short and it iseven hard to recogni*e what ou said when there is some noise mi)ed with the signal$ Sometimesthe voice recognition chip will send out wrong instructions ecause of the noise outside$ So wedecide to place a central control unit in the center of the room and send digital signal wirelesslto where other microcontroller is$ -nce the receiver gets the signal! it will operate on3off3dimmer

    function which has een programmed in it previousl$ As )ee could transmit at most .///meters! this method avoids the distance prolem and signal interference prolem$

    %y we coose 2bee1

    45EE promises man advantages over e)isting remote control solutions! including richercommunication and increased reliailit! enhanced features and fle)iilit! interoperailit! andno line+of+sight arrier$ 2n our pro%ect we use 45EE for point to point communication$ 2t isefficient and enough to e used in household$ 'he transmission of signal won0t e loc(ed in along distance and even a wall$ Due to this spec of the )ees! we ma put the center voicerecognition microcontroller in the center of one household so that it could communicate an other

    microcontroller 6which has )ee receiver with it7 and enale different functions sending outdifferent instructions$ Here! 2 use different characters! li(e 8a9!99!9c9 etc to represent controls onfan! lounge room LED and edroom LED$

    4+C' is the program provided digi to initiali*e and test with )ee communications$ &echange the aud rate to ;

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    Hi& 3evel esi&n to/

    5ationale an" So!rces

    >an companies on the school career fair showed their products for students$ Lutron! a famous

    lighting control compan! focus on the light sstem for house! compan and some other uilding$'he showed us their high+level LED products! with the asic entire control sstem costs around?@///$ &e got interested in their product and also figuring out a more convinient wa to controland save energ$

    After discussing! we consider it could etter if we implement the wireless! voice control sstemin the household$ 'he asic idea of our pro%ect is when people sta in the room and within adistance of the device the wants to control! the could control the house electrical devices voice instructions$ nder most of the circumstances! this sstem will ring more convenience inpeople0s lives$

    3o&ical Str!ct!re

    =igure .:-verview of Logical Strcture Diagram

    'here are two CP in our pro%ect! A'mega@B and A'mega.B$ &e set up the wirelesscommunication two 4ee chips$ -ne of them connects with A'mega@B wor(ing as the

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    transmitter to transmit the signal! another one is connected with A'mega.B to e the receiver$&e pic( up A'mega@B to e our transmitter part ecause there is a microphone on it whichcould receive and store the voice signal from people$ &hen people sa the voice instruction!microphone gets it first and then A'mega@B receive it$ 5 the program controlling! A'mega@Bwill send the signal to transmitter 4ee$ &hen the 4ee is enaled! it will send the corresponding

    signal to the receiver 4ee the different voice instructions$ &hen the wireless communicationset up successfull! it will send instructions for A'mega.B$

    &e set up two timers! timer/ and timer for four P&> waves to do the function of turn on! turnoff and shift the level of lights and fan$ -n the other hand! there is one pin which is used to turnon and turn off the music plaer the high voltage or low voltage enaling the >-S transister$-ne more function is dela off reali*ed timer.$ ser could tell the device when to turn off thelights or fan automatic$ 'here still is a time counter to show the time decreasing process$ 2n orderto tell the user when the light or fan are ro(en! the LCD could show the detail to remind user thelight or fan ro(en open circuit which is the fault detection function$ enerall! our pro%ectcould control the lights! fan and music plaer parallel$

    ra"e-os

    &e decided the idea of voice control smart home sstem at the eginning of this pro%ect$ 5ecausewe owned the A'mega@B! so we were loo(ing for some voice recognition module to put on it$At final! we chose the EasR Shield + oice Recognition Shield which is perfect to suit forA'mega@B and has the high level voice recognition function$ 2t is the cheaper one which isunder the udget! ut still cost us around ?F/$ 'he little more cost increase the final udget forour pro%ect$ 2n order to ma(e a tid and eautiful circuit! we used much time to design the circuitto improve space utili*ation$ &e set up A'mega.B! one 4ee chip! one LCD! one music plaerchip and three P&> wave circuits on three solder oards 6< inch7$ &e got a good wire

    connection on the solder oards and carefull to solder and re+solder them together$ -ur initialidea was to use atteries to provide the power for the whole circuit$ 5 this wa! we could ta(eour device convenient$ 5ut after test! we found the atteries is reall hard continuousl providethe power for three different home devices and sometime the voltage is instailit$ =inall we hadto give up it and changed to use the power suppl in the la$

    FCC 5!les

    &e used the )ee chips to set up the wireless communication$ 'o ma(e sure if we could use the)ee to set up the wireless communication in the nited States! we need to chec( the =ederalCommunications Commission Rules$ 'he 4ee chips are operated in the 2S> $ h* fre,uenc$

    After we chec( the =CC rules part .F supart 5! we got $ h* fre,uenc are e)empt fromcompling with the technical provisions of this part which prevent the harmful interference in aresidential installation$

    E2istin& Patents an" Co/yri&ts

    'o ma(e sure we don0t infringe someone0s patents or coprights! we search the (e word ingoogle after we are done$ &e tr to search the 8voice control home9 and other similar (e word!we find a product named HAL! the Home Automated Living at smarthome$com$6HL!Home

    http://www.smarthome.com/1450/HAL-2000-Voice-Control-System/p.aspxhttp://www.smarthome.com/1450/HAL-2000-Voice-Control-System/p.aspx
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    Automated living7 &e never read their product detail or their wesite efore$ After we finish ourpro%ect! we read their product and compared it with our pro%ect$ &e find the are not same$ HLconnect the cellphone with the software in PC the telephone wire$ &hen people want tocontrol their home device the need ma(e a phone call for the device and send the commandswhich the want to control! such as when to turn on the living room light and turn on how long$

    All of them are controlled the computer$ 5ut our device is totall different$ People need to stain the home and have a short distance with the microphone$ se the voice instructions to controlthe home device which the want to$

    Har"ware esi&n to/

    Har"ware 8verview

    =igure :-verview of Hardware Design

    http://www.smarthome.com/1450/HAL-2000-Voice-Control-System/p.aspxhttp://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/f2012/jw937_sz369/jw937-sz369/jw937_sz369.htmlhttp://www.smarthome.com/1450/HAL-2000-Voice-Control-System/p.aspxhttp://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/f2012/jw937_sz369/jw937-sz369/jw937_sz369.html
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    =igure @:-verview of Phsical >ap

    'hese are the overview of our pro%ect schematics and phsical map$ &e solder all of them inthree solder oards$ 'he microphone! EasR Shield and transmitter 4ee are connected on theA'mega@B chip and no need to solder$ A'mega.B connect to LCD and provide the voltage tothe receiver 4ee$ &e pass the cc in a voltage regulator to get the @$@ to the 4ee$ -n theother hand! there are three pins provide the P&> waves to the three different home devices$'here is one pin is used to connect the gate of G>-S which is let the CC flow in to the G>-Sand into the voltage regulator to get the @$@ output to the music plaer chip$

    Part9-ransmitter /art

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    =igure :'ransmitter Part

    2n this part! there are three part! EasR Shield which has the microphone! the A'mega@B andthe transmitted 4ee$ &ith the read+made oard we can put the EasR chip on the A'mega@Bdirect$ &e input the @$@ from the A'mega@B to 4ee and connected the 4ee andA'mega@B0s ground$ 2n order to transmit the signal from 4ee we connected 4ee D-' pin toA'mega@B 6PC2G'.

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    =igure F:Receiver Part

    &e soldered the >C oard ourselves and we followed the la.0s lecture to initial the CP$And then we used it to provide F output for all the other chips and connect it with the LCDwhich follows the la. lecture$ After chec( the data sheet of 4ee we connect the D2G with

    A'mega.B0s PD$ 'here is a little different etween A'mega@B and A'mega.B at thepower output$ 'here is no @$@ voltage output at A'mega.B$ So we use the voltage regulatorLP;F. to drop the F output to @$@$ Set up the circuit of LP;F. with the datasheet! we couldget the stale @$@ output$

    Part)-3C an" .!sic Player

    =igure usic Plaer

    =or this oard! we set up the circuits of LCD and the music plaer chip$ 'he music chip is named&'//+SD module$ 'here are different modes in this module$ 'he >P@ mode! e mode! emode! Loop pla mode and two line serial mode$ 5ecause we onl pla the ac(ground music! sothere is onl one music in it$ &e pic( up the loop pla mode to pla the music$ Here is the

    detailed schematics of &'//+SD which come from the datasheet$

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    =igure I:LCD and >usic Plaer

    &hen we tr to use one A'mega.B pin to enale the chip and provide F input into the voltageregulator$ 5ut there is a prolem here! the current is ver low and we can0t let the music plaerchip wor($ So we put a G>-S here and let the pin voltage to connect the gate and let the CC toe the power suppl to pass into the voltage regulator to get the @$@ output$ 2n the wa! we coulduse the program the control the onl one pin voltage to get the music plaer wor($

    Part4-P%. Circ!its

    =igure B:P&> Circuits

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    =igure ;:P&> Circuits

    &e set up three same P&> circuit to control the home device here is the schematics of it$ =orhere G@F is used to separate the light with microcontroller$ 5ecause there would e current flowac( from motor and will harm the 23- pin of microcontroller$ 'he 5JI@ is an G+>-Stransistor! it wor(s as a switch$ &hen SK6which is logic high7! DS of the G+>-S lin(together and wor( as a shortcut$ 'he motor wor(s under . &hen SM6which is logiclow7! DS of the G+>-S rea( and the motor stop wor(ing$

    'he diode is used to asor the energ stored in the motor! actuall when the motor0s supplvoltage is suddenl reduced! there will e a ris( that the voltage will go ac( and ma harm the

    >C! so the diode can eliminate the ris($ At the low voltage of the P&> ccle! motor is turnedon and the diode is reverse iased! the inductive current flow is downward when P&> ischanging from high level to low level and the inductive current flow is upward when P&> isfrom low level to high level$ 'he capacitor is used to remove the high fre,uenc$

    At the source of 5JI@! we add a resistor to do the function of fault detection$ &e useA'mega.B to test the voltage etween source and ground to chec( if the device wor(s in aright wa$ 2f not! the LCD will show the device are ro(en! mae some reason it short$

    Sotware esi&n to/

    Easy;5 ;oice 5eco&nition'on Atme&a)

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    N and we can hardl use avr studio to program with it$ 'herefore! we ma use the function andmethod in the lirar to get instruction from what someone said to the chip meanwhile send outthe character in the form of 8a9!99!9c9 etc$ After choosing the aud rate of transmission of ;

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    =ser Comman"s

    5asic function and instruction said user

    >!mber F!nction Comman"s

    . .5EDR-->-G turn on edroom++++++++++#a#

    .5EDR-->-== light off+++++++++++++++++++++##

    @ .5EDR-->D2>>ER edroom dimmer++++++++++#c#

    =AG-G turn on fan+++++++++++++++++#f#

    F =AG-== shut fan++++++++++++++++++++#g#

    < =AGL-&ER fan lower+++++++++++++++++++#%#

    I @L-GE-G lounge on++++++++++++++++++#d#

    B @L-GE-== turn off lounge++++++++++++#e#

    ; >S2C music++++++++++++++++++++++#h#./ F@/SEC 5edroom on for @/ sec+++#i#

    'ale .:5asic Commands

    5es!lts to/

    =or the result! we are ale to control all the devices we have inplemented in the circuits eleven

    different commands which will also e shown on the LCD at the same time$ &e will demonstratemore details of voice control in the video$

    ?nitialiation .o"e

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    =igure ./:2nitiali*ation >ode

    -nce we power on the Atmega .B! we are ale to see the initiali*ation showed on the LCDscreen with the lale "Smart Home" and "Go device" which means the LED in the edroom is noton$ Here! we get a feedac( detection to test whether one appliance in home is in good conditionor not$ 2n this pro%ect it is the LED ul in the edroom$ So once the power is on and the LCDstill shows "no device" as the circuit is open! it will notif the user that something is wrong withthe LED ul$

    Fan 8n .o"e

    =igure ..:=an -n >ode

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    'his mode is actived receving the command of "turn on fan"$ -nce our voice of "turn on fan"is recogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a character of "f"through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interrupt serviceroutine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what the commandis and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "f"! -CRA will turned to / so that fan

    will run at full speed$ >eanwhile "=AG -G" mode will e shown on the LCD screen$

    Fan 3ower .o"e

    =igure .:=an Lower >ode

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "fan lower"$ -nce our voice of "fan lower" isrecogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a character of "%"through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interrupt serviceroutine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what the commandis and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "%"! -CRA will turned to .// so thatfan will slow its RP>$ >eanwhile "=AG L-&ER" mode will e shown on the LCD screen$

    Fan 8 .o"e

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    =igure .@:=an -ff >ode

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "turn on off"$ -nce our voice of "shut fan" isrecogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a character of "g"through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interrupt serviceroutine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what the commandis and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "g"! -CRA will turned to FF so thatfan will e turned off$ >eanwhile "=AG -==" mode will e shown on the LCD screen$

    @e"room 8n .o"e

    =igure .:5edroom -n >ode

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    'his mode is actived receving the command of "turn on edroom"$ -nce our voice of "turn onedroom" is recogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with acharacter of "a" through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce theinterrupt service routine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will addresswhat the command is and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "a"! -CR/A will

    turned to ./ so that the LED ul will e on$ >eanwhile "5R LED -G" mode which means theLED 5ul in the edroom is on will e shown on the LCD screen$

    @e"room immer .o"e

    =igure .F:5edroom Dimmer >ode

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "edroom dimmer"$ -nce our voice of"edroom dimmer" is recogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out witha character of "c" through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce theinterrupt service routine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will addresswhat the command is and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "c"! -CR/A willturned to // so that the LED ul will e dimmer$ >eanwhile "5R LED D2>>ER" modewhich means the LED 5ul in the edroom is dimmer will e shown on the LCD screen$

    @e"room 8 .o"e

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    =igure .ode

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "light off"$ -nce our voice of "light off" isrecogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a character of ""through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interrupt serviceroutine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what the commandis and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is ""! -CR/A will turned to FF so thatthe LED ul will e off$ >eanwhile "5R LED -==" mode which means the LED 5ul in theedroom is off will e shown on the LCD screen$

    3o!n&e 8n .o"e

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    =igure .I:Lounge -n >ode

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "louge on"$ -nce our voice of "lounge on" isrecogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a character of "d"through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interrupt service

    routine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what the commandis and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "d"! -CR.A will turned to ./ so thatthe LED ul will e on$ >eanwhile "LR LED -G" mode which means the LED 5ul in thelounge is on will e shown on the LCD screen$

    3o!n&e 8

    =igure .B:Lounge -ff

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "turn off louge"$ -nce our voice of "turn offlounge" is recogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command will send out with a characterof "e" through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega .B$ -nce the interruptservice routine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .B will address what thecommand is and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "e"! -CR.A will turned toFF so that the LED ul will e off$ >eanwhile "LR LED -==" mode which means the LED5ul in the lounge is off will e shown on the LCD screen$

    elay o F!nction

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    =igure .;:Dela off =unction

    'his mode is actived receving the command of "edroom on for @/ seconds"$ -nce our voiceof "edroom on for @/ seconds" is recogni*ed the voice recognition chip! the command willsend out with a character of "i" through the 4ee from the Atmega @B and received Atmega.B$ -nce the interrupt service routine is on! the character will e stored in DR$ Atmega .Bwill address what the command is and operate on famil appliance$ Here! the character is "i"!-CR.A will turned to FF so that the LED ul will e off$ >eanwhile "'T@/sec" mode whichmeans the LED 5ul in the edroom is on for @/ sec will e shown on the LCD screen$

    Saety an" =sability

    &e use N; atter to provide the power to CPs and N. atter to the whole home device$2n this wa the low power suppl won0t ta(e damage for people or other device$ >oreover! wesolder the oard ver carefull ! we spemt much time on the oard design to ma(e sure all thewires are straight and without cross$ -n the other hand! we design the fault detection part in thesstem$ 'he device will show the reminder on the LCD to remind user change the ro(en lightsor fans in time$

    =or our pro%ect! if we set up it at home! it will save much time$ &e could do more things at thesame time without movement of our od$ -n the other hand! this sstem will e ver useful forthe people who is with phsical disailit$ &hen the enter the room! if the switch too high or toofar! the can0t reach it$ &ith the wireless voice control sstem! the can control the device thevoice instructions$

    &e imagine for the future life! wireless control would e necessar$ People could as( for thedevice come to help us$ People could control them accuratel$ So our smart home sstem is agood start for this field research$ 2t will e a good e)ample for the voice wireless sstem for thefuture stud$

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    Acc!racy

    'he displa on the LCD is ver accurate and the onl accurac prolem we need to care is aoutthe voice received microphone$ 'he principle of EasR is we need to record the voicecommands in it in the first$ 'here is a memor to store the commands$ &hen we send the voice

    commands for the microphone! the chip will compare the voice commands fre,uenc in memorand the new voice command fre,uenc$ suall! we need a ,uit environment to get the esteffect$ 2f the same person store the voice commands and send it$ 'he chip will catch thecommand accurate$ 2f the different people do that! there ma e a miss match prolem$ Peopleneed to send the same command again$

    Concl!sions to/

    Final o!&ts

    &e reali*e all the function in our pro%ect which we e)pected at the eginning of the final pro%ect$

    &e e)pected use voice to control the home devices in a wireless sstem$ &e could parallelcontrol the different home devices at the same time! such as lights! fan and music$ 2f we havechance to do the same topic ne)t time! we want to control igger device! such as the ' or air+condition$ -n the other hand! we could set up the smart home sstem in the smart cellphonewhich we could control the home electrical device tal(ing to cellphone application$ -ne morething is we want to add the securit sstem at ne)t time put the sensor near the window toma(e our home more safet$

    ?ntellect!al Pro/erty Consi"erations

    &e didn0t reuse code or someone else0s design! all of the design is our$ &e never used our code inthe pulic domain$ And all of them are created in the five wee(s final pro%ect period$ &e are notthe reverse+engineering for our design ecause we ma(e the goal in the first$ &e didn0t tr toloo(ing for some similar e)ample on the wesite and to stud them$ &e created our pro%ect discuss and meeting$ All the ideas are come from the e)changing idea partner$ =or thepatent3trademar( issues! we must protect the author0s rights$ =or the code or article on the2nternet! we could encrpt them and to ma(e sure people can0t download it and in this wa toprotect their right$ &e never had to sign non+disclosure to get a sample part$ =or the patent andpulishing opportunities! we don0t find the similar device on the 2nternet! ut we are still not.// sure that$ 2f our pro%ect could reall ta(e more convenience for people! we0d li(e to pulishit$

    Etical Consi"erations

    =or our pro%ect! there won0t the ethical considerations prolems$ &e thin( our pro%ect isconsistent with the 2EEE code of ethics$ All of them are created us! oth of the hardware andsoftware part$ =or the purpose of this pro%ect! we want to ma(e people0s life more convenient andwe use ver low power even if there is no harm for people$ So there is no much more andinfluence for societ$ Actuall! our product will ring much more enefit for people for the future./ ears$

    http://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/f2012/jw937_sz369/jw937-sz369/jw937_sz369.htmlhttp://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece4760/FinalProjects/f2012/jw937_sz369/jw937-sz369/jw937_sz369.html
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    A//en"ices to/

    A# Parts 3ist an" Costs

    &e ordered all electronic parts from spar(fun$com$ And we have two different plan! onwe is

    control the whole sstem voice instruction and the second plan is to control the whole sstem computer

    Plan 9 - ;oice Control

    Cate&ory ?tem ;en"or=nit

    Cost!antity

    otal

    Cost

    Electronics 4eeDonated ruce

    ?/$// . ?/$//

    Preowned ?/$// . ?/$//

    EasR Shield + oice RecognitionShield

    Spar(fun$com ?;$;F . ?;$;F

    &E//+SD Spar(fun$com ?.;$;F . ?.;$;F

    A'mega.B ECE I

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    Cate&ory ?tem ;en"or=nit

    Cost!antity

    otal

    Cost

    Electronics 4eeDonated ruce

    ?/$// . ?/$//

    Preowned ?/$// . ?/$//

    &E//+SD Spar(fun$com ?.;$;F . ?.;$;F

    A'mega.B ECE I

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    5eerences to/

    'his section provides lin(s to e)ternal documents! code! and wesites referenced and usedthroughout the pro%ect$

    ataseets

    LP;F/U;F.

    A'megaB

    A'mega@B

    A'mega.B

    4ee modules

    ;en"ors

    Spar(fun Electronics

    5eerences

    &'//+SD

    =CC rules Part .F Su part 5

    HL!Home Automated living

    5ruce Land#s eceI

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    $iay!an %an&

    >$Eng Student! /.Electrical and ComputerEngineering?nterests:

    Emedded Sstem!&ireless Sensor Getwor(!>edical 2nstruments

    Sen& an&

    >$Eng Student! /.Electrical and ComputerEngineering?nterests:

    Emedded Sstem! ControlSstem! Roots! AnalogCircuits

    V/. 1iauan &angW Sheng JhangStle adapted from A$ PapamarcosLaout V/./ Cornell niversit