Smart Cities and Connected Automated Vehicles · 1/16/2018 · Smart Cities 3 A Smart City...
Transcript of Smart Cities and Connected Automated Vehicles · 1/16/2018 · Smart Cities 3 A Smart City...
Robert James
Date 1/16/2018
Contact [email protected]
(732) 689-1989
Smart Cities and Connected Automated Vehicles
Automated Intersection https://youtu.be/4SmJP8TdWTU2
Smart Cities
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A Smart City utilizes innovative and emerging technologies and concepts to collect, analyze, and utilize data from many sources to enhance the city’s livability.
Smart City concepts are easily extrapolated to Smart Region concepts.
Mobility
Mobility as a Service
Automated/ Connected
Vehicles
Public Transit
Transportation Infrastructure
Parking Monitoring
ITS & Incident Management
Arterial Operations
Others
Health & Human Services
Public Safety
Energy, Waste, Water
Smart Cities
• Improve Mobility/Reduce Congestion
• Increase Safety – Vision Zero
• Improve Efficiency – Save Money/Time
• Reduce Emissions
• Spur Economic Development/Access to Jobs
• Raise Quality of Life
Usually a transportation perspective, but not always
- Smart homes, offices, warehouses, business processes
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Traditional ITS
• Highway Cameras
• Radar Detectors
• Intersection Detectors
• Adaptive Traffic Signals
• Variable Message Signs
• Fiber Optics
• Automatic Vehicle Locators (AVL)
• Modern Control Centers
• EzPass Toll Systems
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Innovative and Emerging Technologies
• Crowdsource Vehicle Monitoring (WAZE/Google)
• Connected Vehicles (CV) and People
• Automated Vehicles/Electric Vehicles (AV/EV)
• Real-time Big Data Processing
• Real-time Traffic Signals
• In Vehicle/Personal Messaging
• Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
• Real-time Mobile Apps
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Open Road Toll Systems
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Smart Cities• Columbus Ohio – USDOT $40M + $500M private sector
– Connected Vehicle Environment (14 Applications)
– Connected Electric Automated Vehicles
– Human Services (Various Apps, Kiosks, etc.)
– Mobility on Demand
• New York
– CV Pilot (15 Applications)
– Wireless Challenge Governor's Island
– MTA Subway Challenge
– Open Road Tolling
– Automated Bus (Tunnels and Airports)
• Philadelphia
– Real-time Info/Mobility on Demand
– Signal Priority
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Smart Cities• San Francisco
– Mobility on Demand
– Treasure Island Automated Shuttle
– Advanced Tolling
– Electric Vehicles at Airport
• Las Vegas
– Fiber Infrastructure
– Customer Kiosks
– Automated Shuttle
• Tampa/Jacksonville
– CV Pilot (11 Applications)
– Automated Testbed (Suntrax)
– Replace Monorail with Automated Vehicles
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Smart Cities Challenge
• US DOT Smart City Challenge (2016)
– $40 Million from U.S. DOT
– 78 Applicants, 7 Finalists, 1 Winner
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• Columbus, OH
Smart City Challenge Winner:
• Austin, TX
• Denver, CO
• Kansas City, MO
• Pittsburgh, PA
• Portland, OR
• San Francisco, CA
Smart City Challenge Finalists:
• Private Industry Participation
– $500 Million from private industry partners
• Door-to-door service – First/Last Mile to Transit
• Serve radius around high ridership transit hubs (train stations and park-n-rides)
• Reduce parking demand, congestion, and single passenger vehicles through ride-sharing
6/2/2015
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Mobility on Demand
Real-time Mobile Apps
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Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles
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• I first Presented at ITS
America 1994
• It was one of the
FHWA Concept
Families
• Showed how the
infrastructure
communications and
vehicle sensor
technology would
evolve to give us
Connected Automated
Vehicles
Tampa Connected Vehicle Pilot
▪ Multi-modal suite
of applications
collocated at
intersections
▪ Bus, streetcar,
vehicle,
pedestrians and
bikes
▪ Expressway and
arterial streets
Jacksonville, FL Ultimate Urban Circulator (U2C)
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Newark AirTrain Replacement Comparison
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Automated People Movers
Connected Automated Vehicles
Steel Rubber Automated Shuttle
Operational Flexibility 0 0 4
Repurpose Track 0 0 5
Potential to be Vendor Options 2 2 5
Flexibility for Phased Deployment
0 1 5
Deployment Cost 4 3 2
O & M Costs 4 4 2
Risk 0 0 2
Connected/Automated Vehicle Projects
• NJDOT Statewide Transit Signal Priority
• PennDOT CV/AV Oncall
• PANYNJ XBL CAV System Engineering
• Tampa CV Pilot
• City of Columbus Smart City Challenge
• Florida Turnpike Enterprise Automated Vehicle Proving Ground
• Michigan DOT Connected Vehicle Support Program
• Florida DOT Connected Vehicle Program Support Services
• Tennessee DOT CAV Plan
• U.S. DOT Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Reference Implementation
• U.S. DOT DSRC Standards Support
• Florida DOT Transportation Systems Management & Operations Program Support
• Florida DOT Automated Vehicle General Engineering Contract
• U.S. DOT ITS Strategic Plan
• Michigan DOT Truck Parking Information and Management System
• Miami-Dade Expressway Authority Connected Vehicle Program Support
• Central Florida Expressway Authority CAV Plan
• U.S. DOT Connected Vehicle Test Bed Operations Management Support
• Safety Pilot Connected Vehicle Model Deployment
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Traffic Signal
Equipped
DSRC Radio
Bus with Connected Vehicle
Device
Connected Vehicle
(V2I)
Connected Vehicle Applications
· Pedestrian in Signalized Crosswalk Warning (Transit)
· Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)
· Left Turn Assist (LTA)
· Vehicle Turning Right in Front of Bus Warning (Transit)
· Eco-Approach and Departure at Signalized Intersections
· Eco-Traffic Signal Timing
· Eco-Traffic Signal Priority
· Operations Communications
Connected Vehicles and Smart Traffic Lights
• Dozens of new applications
being developed with
technology
• Opens doors for BRT
funding for Transit Signal
Priority Implementation
Connected Vehicles
• Urban canyon, tunnels,
reflectivity of buildings create
challenge for GPS
• NYC pilot showed UWB is
needed to provide better
location accuracy in the city
• Lane level accuracy needed
for most applications
• Automated vehicle
applications need 5-10
centimeter accuracySource: USDOT
Lincoln Tunnel Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) Automation
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Eastbound Lanes
To NYC
Westbound
Lanes
To NJCo
ntr
a-F
low
Lan
e
Automated Vehicles and Automated Highways
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Existing Automated Bus Options
• Larger Vehicles 24+ passenger
vehicle
– Amsterdam Airport
Mercedes-Benz Future Bus
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBjFT9W
AQxU
– Eugene, Oregon
EmX Articulated -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oKsleO
ocFM
– Dubai, UAE APM Replacement
2getThere – Large GRT
http://www.zdnet.com/article/forget-self-
driving-cars-heres-how-driverless-trains-are-
moving-ahead/
Mercedes
Future Bus
2getthere
Large
Vehicle
EmX Articulated
Automated Bus Options
Mini Shuttles – 10/12 passenger
• Navya – Las Vegas
http://mashable.com/2017/11/07/las-vegas-self-
driving-shuttle-aaa-navya/#dB8Pm9tj5PqH
• Tampa, FL – Coast Autonomous
https://youtu.be/_zmhT-99RfU
• Helsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini Buses
-
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ZTlqyQGm
• Local Motors/Intel’s Olli -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9joEsWiYFE
I
• Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRT -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlAHXcQH
WpU
• Greece/Spain CityMobile2 -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L99XJg0qR
Vc
Olli
EZ-10
2getthere
GRT
CityMobile2
Navya
Coast P-1
Automated Bus Options
• Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) –4 Passengers
– London Heathrow POD Cars from Ultra Global https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Byk8LcPovOQ
– Masdar City Abu Dabi –2getthere PRT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5G9X0voSi2Y
Ultra PRT
2getthere
PRT
Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6th Ave
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Enhanced GPS
Ultra-wideband
NYC Smart Cities• Provide centimeter location accuracy in urban canyon and
tunnels
– Enhanced CV applications
– Improved logistics
– Improved mobile applications
– Automated vehicle applications
• Projects include
– Open Road Tolling on all tunnels and bridges
– CV citywide deployment
– NYC Fleets Telematics Deployment
– Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) Automated Bus Deployment
– Extend XBL to Secaucus Junction for Automated Shuttles
– Automated vehicles at airports
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Wireless for Subways - CBTC
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Automated Deployments
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Smart Columbus
(6 connected electric
automated shuttles)
XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900
Bus retrofit through dedicated lane)
Separation Policy Approaches
• Fully Autonomous
– Highly intelligent machines emulating human behavior with advanced sensor suites
– Google, Tesla, Uber, Low speed shuttles
• Platooning
– Connected vehicle groups at close proximity
– PATH, Peloton
• SafeGap Field
– Highly cooperative connected vehicles with optimized spacing based on field theory
– Robotics, 1st FHWA Connected Automated Concept Family
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Safe Gap Separation Policy
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• Vehicles generate force fields based on individual
vehicle dynamic capabilities and uncertainties
• Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and
soft delimiters
• Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from
expected motion
Response-time Safe Gap Spacing
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Human
Driver
Connected
Automated
Vehicle
Safe Gap Difference
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• Spacing maximized for safety
• Can get close together as density increases based on
response capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities
• Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal)
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• Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have
problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these
scenarios
Stra
igh
t R
oad
Goo
d W
eath
er
Ob
stac
le D
etec
tio
n
Cur
ved
Ro
ad
Ver
tica
l Cu
rves
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Dir
ty W
ind
shie
ld
Hea
vy S
now
or
Ice
Mer
gin
g Tr
affi
c
Mul
tipl
e O
bje
cts
Bey
ond
Lin
e of
Sig
htM
ulti
ple
V2
V V
ehic
les
Ob
stac
les/
Ped
estr
ians
Ro
ad H
azar
ds/
Poth
ole
sTu
nnel
s/U
rban
Can
yon
Spee
d L
imit
Det
ecti
on
Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Longitudinal Control
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral)
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• Conventional Sensors have problems with poor
lane markings, work zones, merging, weather,
obstructions, objects beyond line of sight
• Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these
scenarios
Goo
d L
ane
Mar
kin
gsG
ood
Wea
ther
Poo
r La
ne
Mar
king
s
Mer
gin
g Tr
affi
c
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Goo
d V
isib
ility
Bey
ond
Lin
e of
Sig
htSi
gnal
Ph
ase
Sno
w &
Rai
n
Ob
stac
les/
Ped
estr
ians
Sign
al T
imin
g
Sign
al P
rio
rity
Trav
el L
ane
s
Radar $
Vision $
LIDAR $$$
V2X $
UWB $
Lateral Control Intersection
Where are we going with Automated Vehicles?
• Near Term
– Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments
– High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities
• Mid Term
– Low speed 1st/Last Mile Shuttles
– Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul
• Long Term
– Automated Mobility on Demand
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• Sec. 6002 and 6003: Technology and Innovation Deployment Program –$335 million
• Sec. 6004: Advanced Transportation & Congestion Management Technologies Deployment (ATCMTD) program -$300 million
• Sec. 1105: Fostering Advancements in Shipping and Transportation for the Long-term Achievement of National Efficiencies (FASTLANE) -$4.5 billion
• NEW!! Section 1105: Infrastructure for Rebuilding America (INFRA) Grants - $1.5B
Fixing America’s Surface Transportation
$305 billion five-year, federal transportation
authorization bill
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Flying Taxis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhaSKvRTGWM