MADE AND PRESENTED BY:

SOHAIL AHMAD

Institute of education and

research

University of Peshawar

MAIL IDE: sohail9595@yahoo.com

Smart card:

A smart card is a plastic card about the sizeof a credit card, with an embeddedmicrochip that can be loaded with data,used for telephone calling, electronic cashpayments, and other applications, andthen periodically refreshed for additionaluse.

Explanation:

A smart card looks like credit card but

has a micro processer embedded in it.

Smart card holds more information than

standard credit cards—about 8 to 40

megabytes data.

Some can be reloaded for reuse.

Invention:

In 1968 and 1969 German electricalengineers Helmut Grottrup and JurgenDethloff jointly filed patents for theautomated chip card.

French inventor Roland Moreno patentedthe memory card concept in 1974.

An important patent for smart cards with amicroprocessor and memory as used todaywas filed by Jürgen Dethloff in 1976.

In 1977, Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bullinvented the first microprocessor smartcard.

Purpose of smartcard

Smart cards can provide identification,

authentication, data storage and application

processing. Smart cards may provide strong

security authentication for single sign-on

(SSO) within large organizations.

How Smart Cards Work:

A smart card contains more information than a magnetic stripe card and it can be programmed for different applications. Some cards can contain programming and data to support multiple applications and some can be updated to add new applications after they are issued. Smart cards can be designed to be inserted into a slot and read by a special reader or to be read at a distance, such as at a toll booth. Cards can be disposable (as at a trade-show) or reloadable (for most applications).

Example:

Example:

When you are using a phone card,

which is programmed to contain a set

number of available minutes, you insert

the card into a slot in the phone, wait for

a tone, and dial the number. The length

of your call is automatically calculated

on the card, and the corresponding

charges deducted from the balance.

Uses of smartcard:

Currently or soon, you may be able to use a smart card to:

Dial a connection on a mobile telephone and be charged on a per-call basis

Establish your identity when logging on to an Internet access provider or to an online bank

Pay for parking at parking meters or to get on subways, trains, or buses

Give hospitals or doctors personal data without filling out a form

Building-entrance cards

Buy gasoline at a gasoline station

1. Identification

Smart-cards can authenticate identity. Usually, they employ a public key infrastructure (PKI). The card stores an encrypted digital certificate issued from the PKI provider along with other relevant information. Examples include the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC), and other cards used by other governments for their citizens NADRA

2. Financial

Smart cards serve as credit or ATM

cards, fuel cards, mobile phone SIMs,

authorization cards for pay television,

household utility pre-payment cards,

high-security identification and access-

control cards, and public transport and

public phone payment cards.

3. Schools:

Smart cards are being provided tostudents at schools and colleges.

Uses include:

Tracking student attendance.

As an electronic purse, to pay for itemsat canteens, vending machines, laundryfacilities, etc...

Tracking loans from the school library.

Access to transportation services.

4. Healthcare

Smart health cards can improve the security and privacy of patient information, provide a secure carrier for portable medical records, reduce health care fraud, support new processes for portable medical records, provide secure access to emergency medical information, enable compliance with government initiatives (e.g., organ donation) and mandates, and provide the platform to implement other applications as needed by the health care organization

Advantages:

Can be readily reconfigured.

Reusable.

Allow for secure transactions off-line, reducing the cost for inline networks.

Give more security, thus reducing the risk of transaction fraud.

More durable and reliable.

Allow multiple applications to be stored in one card.

Disadvantages:

Fees applied with the use of a card.

It gives liability issues if stolen or lost.

The accuracy of information is small.

Lack of technology to support users.

Potential for too much data on one card

if lost or stolen.

Potential area for computer hackers and

computer viruses.

Smart card in Pakistan:

Research:

Over a billion smart cards are already in

use. Currently, Europe is the region

where they are most used. Ovum, a

research firm, predicts that 2.7 billion

smart cards will be shipped annually by

2003. Another study forecasts a $26.5

billion market for recharging smart cards

by 2005.