SMART ANTENNAS FOR RFID SYSTEM

MAJID FALEH AL-ENZI 201111528 HANI ABDULSALAM ALGHAITHY 201108364 MAJED DHEYYEM ALRSHEEDI 201106135 RAKAN FAHED AL-ALI 201001311

SMART ANTENNA FOR RF ID SYSTEMS RESEARCH GROUP, DR. MOHAMMED AL IWA

SUPERVISOR:

DR. MOHAMED ELEIWA

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this project could be summarized as:

• Study and analysis of RFID systems: concept, theory of operation, block diagram and applications.

• Study and analysis of basic antenna concepts, types, Parameters, design and measurements.

• Smart antennas applications for RFID systems.

• RFID antennas design, fabrication and measurements for both tag and reader.

• RFID System evaluation, measurements and analysis.

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

What is RFID?Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a rapidly developing technology which uses RF signals for automatic identification of objects.The use of RFID system is to transmit from portable devices, called tags, then read by the RFID reader and processed data by computer application that need it

The main two components:

1. tag 2. reader

Tags:A small electronic data carrying device called a transponder or tag that is attached to the item to be identified. It can store a range of information from one serial number to several pages of data.

chip

substrate

Antenna coil

Active or passivePassive (no battery) Smaller, LighterShorter range (<10m)Smaller data storageLower costActive (with battery) Larger, HeavierLonger range (up to 100m)Larger data storageHigher cost

Classifications of Tags

Data storage (Programming) Read OnlyWrite onceRead/write

Frequencies Low—135 kHzVHF—13.5 MHzUHF—860MHzMicrowave—2.4 GHz

Reader:The reader is a device that has one or more antennas that transmit radio waves and receive signals back from the RFID tag.

antennas reader

Reader types:1. Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT).2. Active Reader Passive Tag (ARPT).3. Active Reader Active Tag (ARAT).

Lines

Frequency Bands: 

Band 

Regulations 

Range 

Data speed ApplicationApproximate

tag costin volume

(2006) US $

120–150 kHz (LF) Unregulated 10 cm Low Animal identification,

factory data collection $1

13.56 MHz (HF)

ISM band worldwide 10 cm - 1 m Low to

moderate

Smart cards, Non fully ISO compatible memory cards,

Microprocessor ISO compatible cards

 $0.50 to $5

433 MHz (UHF)

Short Range Devices 1–100 m Moderate Defense applications, with

active tags $5

865-868 MHz (Europe)

902-928 MHz (North

America) UHF

ISM band 1–12 m Moderate to high EAN, various standards

$0.15 (passive

tags)

2450-5800 MHz

(microwave)ISM band 1–2 m High 802.11 WLAN, Bluetooth

standards$25 (active

tags)

3.1–10 GHz (microwave)

Ultra wide band to 200 m High requires semi-active or

active tags$5

projected

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

Antenna:

An antenna, or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver.

Antenna parameters:1. Input Impedance.

2. Return loss.3. Bandwidth.4. Directivity and

Gain.5. Radiation

Pattern.6. Beam width.7. Side lobes.8. Nulls.9. Polarization.

Circularly Polarized

Linearly Polarized

Radiation Pattern

x y

Z

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

A system that can automatically change the directionality of its radiation patterns in response to its signal environment.

Types of Smart Antenna:

1. Switched Beam Antennas

2. Adaptive Array Antennas

What is Smart Antenna?

Switched Beam Vs Adaptive ArraySwitched Beam System Adaptive Array System

multiple fixed directional beams with narrow beam widths

steers the beam towards desired signal of interest and places nulls at the interfering signal directions

The required phase shifts are provided by simple fixed phase shifting networks like the butler matrix

requires implementation of DSP technology

simple algorithms are used for beam selection requires complicated adaptive algorithms to steer the beam and the nulls

requires only moderate interaction between mobile unit and base station

It is not easy to implement in existing systems i.e. up-gradation is difficult and expensive

Since low technology is used, it has lesser cost and complexity

continuous steering of the beam is required as the mobile moves; high interaction between mobile unit and base station is required

Integration into existing cellular system is easy and cheap.

It provides better coverage and increased capacity because of improved interference rejection as compared to the Switched beam systems.

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

Benefits of Smart Antennas For RFID Readers

• Improved system capacities.• Higher permissible signal bandwidths.• Space division multiple access (SDMA).• Higher signal-to-interference ratios.• Increased frequency reuse.• Side lobe canceling or null steering.• Multipath mitigation.• Reduced speckle in radar imaging.

RFID Antennas

Tag Antennas

Single Antenna Tag

Multiple Antennas Tag

Reader Antennas

Fixed Beam Antenna

Agile Beam Antennas

Switched Beam Array

Switched Beam Phased

Array

Phased Array Adaptive Antennas

Outline: • RFID

• Antenna

• Smart Antenna

• Smart antenna for

RFID

• Design and

Fabrication

Things we have done: used the global band of the ultra-high frequency

(860 – 960) MHz with central frequency 915 MHz. used “HFSS Antenna DesignKit” to design the

antenna, and for the simulation “HFSS 13“. Bought “SKYETEK SUPERNOVA EVALUATION

KIT” In order to evaluate the RFID system.RFID System Evaluation: Measure RFID range. Measure RFID sensitivity. Measure RFID parameters at different tag orientations

(polarization matching). Test the designed antenna.

Specification of SKYETEK SUPERNOVA EVALUATION KIT

Air Interface Protocol EPCglobal UHF Class 1 Gen 2 (ISO 18000-6C)

Price 599 $

Operating Frequency Global 860-960 MHz

Transmit Power +27 dBm

Data Interface USB

Power Source 5V USB (Powered over USB)

Antenna Ports 2 SMA Female

Dimensions 2.67 x 2.28 x 0.43 in (68 x 58 x 11 mm)

Weight 1.7 lbs (771.1 g)

Operating Temperature -40° to +75°C

Host API SkyeTek API C, C #, .NET

Demo Software SkyeWare 4 Demo Software

Features of the Kit:

• Fast integration.

• SkyeTek adaptive antenna tuning.

• Greatest tag compatibility with Tagnostic and TAGIQ.

• USB communication and power, no external power source required.

• Simple and intuitive API.

Design and Simulation of Tag Antennas:

• Patch Antenna.

• Inverted F Planar Antenna (IFPA).

Design of Patch & IFPA for RFID Tag Antenna

Patch Antenna Inverted F Planar Antenna

Design of Monopole for RFID Reader Antenna

1 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000004542 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000000003 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2001026760F0240132090CA4 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0013098A820102321430813B5 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000000046 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000000037 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000000028 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000000000019 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-00000000000000000000000510 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-00000000000022161200091011 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-00000000000000000040239412 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000000000000C000123813 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-0000000008002216572D145014 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-201504208040100001070A5B15 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-201504208040100001070A5B (rice size)16 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-300833B2DDD9014000000000 (x6)17 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E28068100000003903A88E0518 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2806810000000390C1C08CB19 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2001AC1938B29C010335CA620 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E20049414A430F7113259C3D21 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2007A3A0442CC712F040B3122 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E280116060000205079390E223 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2006316953D17316535B05C24 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-E2001063100202841460845C25 ISO 18000-6C Auto Detect-000460000000000000000AB6

Available tags

Measurements and evaluation:We designed and build a device that

can measure the distance at different angles of the kit’s antenna.

So for the wide range of tags that we have, we chose variance of tags with different antenna shapes.

Tag no.2

Tag no.4

Tag no.5

Tag no.9

Tag no.15

Tag no.16

Tag no.23 Tag

no.25

Pictures of the chosen tags

Tags range with kit’s antenna: Maximum distance (m) at angle

Tag No. 0o 30o 60o 90o Rotation at 1m2 1.55 1.37 3.74 4.75 Linear4 1.43 2.0 3.49 4.55 Linear5 2.10 3.25 4.85 5.76 Linear9 2.11 3.40 4.97 6.37 Circular

15 0.14 0.18 0.25 0.77 Linear at 0.2m16 1.10 2.15 2.52 2.82 Linear23 1.13 1.70 2.85 3.67 Circular25 1.42 2.28 3.55 3.85 Linear

Tags range with designed antenna (Monopole): Maximum distance (m) at angle

Tag no. 0o 30o 60o 90o Rotation at 1m2 1.90 1.52 1.52 2.15 Linear4 1.76 1.40 1.40 1.99 Linear5 2.58 2.01 2.01 2.9 Linear9 2.21 1.26 1.26 2.5 Circular

15 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.19 Linear at 0.09m16 1.35 1.08 1.08 1.52 Linear23 1.39 1.12 1.12 1.57 Circular25 1.75 1.4 1.4 1.98 Linear

Design, Simulation, Realization and Measurements of RFID Monopole Antenna:

Design Parameters and Simulation using HFSS:

915 MHz

VSWR of monopole antenna versus UHF RFID frequency band

Antenna radiation patterns in Phi direction at different frequencies and different phi.

Conclusion: We have studied the basic antenna . We have studied the RFID Principles. We have performed the UHF RFID kit evaluation. We have designed and simulated patch and IFPA As Tag

antennas for UHF RFID system. We have designed and simulated monopole Antenna

for UHF Reader. The designed antenna has been fabricated and Its

VSWR has been measured and found satisfactory as shown.

The RFID Kit has been reevaluated using the fabricated monopole and its performance has been proved.

Thank you for your attention