Small Hydro Potential
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Small Hydro
Potential & Prospects
CII Godrej GBC Publication RES - Fact Sheet - No.2 June 2004
Confederation of I ndian IndustryCII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre
Introduction
Small hydro is a renewable, non-polluting and
environmentally benign source of energy.
In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW have been
categorized as small hydro power (SHP) projects.
Depending on the capacities, they are categorized as
Micro, Mini and Small hydro projects as under.
Mini hydro - 10 kW to 99 KW
Mico hydro - 100 kW to 999 kW
Small hydro - 1,000 kW to 25,000 kW
Depending on the head, SHPs are classified as low
head (below 3 meters) medium head (from 30 75
meters) and high head (above 75 meters).
The estimated potential of small hydro power in
India is about 15,000 MW . Thus far about 4250
potential sites have been identified aggregating
to a capacity of 10,000 MW.
However, so far 466
projects in 29 states
aggregating to 1530
MW have been
installed and projects
amounting to 610
MW are under
implementation.
This offers a tremendous potential of small hydro
power to be tapped in India.
In India, about 18,000 villages are to be electrified
mainly through renewable energy sources. Many of
these villages have potential for setting up mini and
micro Hydel projects.
I t presents a huge bus iness potent ia l for
investors and equipment manufactures.
Potential available - 15,000 MW
Installed so far - 1530 MW
Pro jects under implementation - 610 MW
Applications
Micro & Mini hydro:
As mini and micro Hydel project are normally installed
under river run off scheme, they are located in hilly
areas. Most of the micro Hydel projects are used for
stand alone power generation application to cater
to domestic and commercial requirements, while power
generated from mini hydel plants is normally exported
to the grid.
Case study:
A mini Hydel project
of 0.8 MW has been
commissioned in the
hilly state of
Himachal Pradesh
and connected to the
grid. The total
available head for
this project is 249m
and quantity of waterflow, on an average is about 0.39 m3/sec.
The total power generation is 30 lakhs units in a year.
Due to icing in winter, the water flow would reduce to
25% of its designed discharge and hence lower power
generation.
The company has wheeling and banking arrangement
with state electricity board at 2% charges. The
generated power is being exported to grid at the rate
of Rs 2.50 per unit as per power purchase agreement.
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The various services being offered from GBC are: Green
Building rating, World class energy efficiency, Green
Audits, Renewable Energy services, Green Business
incubation, Exhibit of green equipments and materials
at the technology centre and Information centre.
CII Godrej GBC has formed 5 national councils to
address Green Buildings, Energy Efficiency, Renewable
Energy, Water Management and Environment & Waste
Recycling.
The major thrust of Renewable Energy council is to
advance adoption of Renewable Energy in India. The
council has over 50 members comprising all stakeholders
drawn from all over the country. This council is led by
Mr Ramesh Kymal, Managing Director, NEG-Micon
(India) Ltd.
CII- Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre
The CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre is a
joint initiative of Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Godrej &
Boyce Mfg Co and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
with the technical support of USAID a unique model of
public private partnership.
The centre will strive to become the Centre of Excellence
for Energy Efficiency, Environment, Green Buildings,Renewable Energy, Water and Climate change activities
in India.
Issue sponsored by:
For further details, please contact:
Confederation of Indian IndustryCII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business CentreSurvey No.64, Kothaguda Post, Ranga Reddy Dist
Hyderabad 500 032Tel: 040 23112971 73 Fax: 040 23112837
Email: [email protected]: www.greenbusinesscentre.com
Confederation of I ndian IndustryCII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre
Small Hydro: (1MW to 25 MW)
A typical small hydro power plant would have a turbine
connected to the water source through penstocks. The
generator which is coupled with turbine would generate
power when water flows through it.
Depending on the
head availability
and quantity ofwater flow, there
are various types of
turbines used for
power generation.
Normally for low
head and large
projects, horizontal Kaplan type turbines are being used
while for high head and low water flow projects, pelton
wheel types are being used. Power generation and
economics of a typical 1 MW plant is highlighted below:
I nvestment requ ired - 5 .0 to 6.0 crore / MW
Average Power
generation - 30 Lakhs units / yr
Gestation period - 2 years
Simple payback - 4 to 5 years
period @ Rs.2.80/ unit
Case study:
A small hydro power plant of 18 MW with two turbines of
9 MW each has been commissioned during 1992. Thehead available is 18m and quantity of water flow is about
4200 m3/sec.
This project is a
water storage
scheme, which has
a set dam where
water is stored and
flows to the turbine
through penstocks.
The total gestation
period of this project was less than 2 years. The plan has
been successfully operated at 55% plant load factor
since commissioning.
The project has 40 years power purchase agreement
with Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd and
the cost of electricity exported is Rs 3.25 / unit. The
average power generation of this plant is about 350
units per day which works out to 80.0 to 85.0 million
units per year. This plant required an investment of
Rs 35.0 Crores, which was paid back in less than 7 years.