Presented by: Tessy Varkey Roll No:10AR60R25 MCP First YearDept. of Architectural & Regional PlanningUnder the guidance of Prof. Banhi Chakraborty

SLUM REHABILITATION:IMPACT OF JNNURM-

A CASE OF KERALA

DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEMTo analyze the impact of JNNURM objectives on Slum

Rehabilitation.To compare with other older schemes under Slum

Rehabilitation

CONTEXTThe comparison and studies

undertaken in my report are solely in the context of the state of Kerala.

INTRODUCTION OF TERMINOLOGYSLUM REHABILITATION : The universal definition of a slum is a

heavily populated urban area characterized by substandard housing and unhygienic conditions. Rehabilitation is to rebuild the homes,

reunite the community, and re-render the living standards and habits. JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

OLDER SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS

SLUM REHABILITATION PROJECTS UNDER JNNURM

METHODOLOGY

•ONE MILLION HOUSING SCHEME

• IHSDP CHANGANASSERY MUNICIPALITY

•SLUM CLEARANCE SCHEME

• BSUP TRIVANDRUM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

WHO ARE THE POOR

VISION AND ROAD MAP FOR BASIC SERVICES TO THE POOR‘A Slum Free KERALA by the Year 2031’

Based on the location features and the general population characteristics a detailed CATEGORIZATION OF THE SLUMS can be attempted as follows:• Slums that are located in low lying areas;• Slums that are located along the sides of canals, railway margins and water bodies;• Slums that are located adjacent to sewage and drainage ponds;• Slums which have a concentration of fisher folk; and• Slums which have a concentration of Scheduled Caste population

All these slums and slum like habitats do not have uniform characteristics. Broadly, these areas can be classified as:-• Those where in-situ developments are possible; and• Those from where the squatters may have to be ultimately relocated, since these locations are critical / vulnerable as they are canal / road / railway margins or floodable areas.

Goals and service outcomes•100% Literacy;•Total Sanitation;•Housing to all poor families;•Provision of safe drinking water within 150m;•Universal access to health care through micro-insurance;•Community empowerment through community mobilization and capacity building;•Provision of basic infrastructure-Roads, Drainage, Sewerage;•Access to qualitative and affordable basic services to the poor;•Provision of land tenure security;•Sustainable livelihood to all the urban poor; and•Re-location of slums, located in hazardous and vulnerable areas.

Sl. No. Vision outcomes 2006-07 2012 2020 2031

1 Literacy (Percentage) 80 95 100 100

2 Access to school 60 90 90 100

3 Access to primary health 40 85 90 100

4 Sanitation (% coverage) 30 75 90 100

5 Drinking Water (% coverage) 50 85 100 100

6 Access to housing (% coverage) 80 100 100

7 Incidence of poverty 25 15 0 0

8 Slums (% of reduction) 0.5 50 85 100

The nine risk factors of the POVERTY INDEX in urban area• Less than 5 cents of land/no land• Dilapidated house/no house• No sanitary latrine•No access to safe drinking water within 150 meters• Women headed household• No regular employed person in the family• Socially disadvantaged groups SC/ST•Mentally retarded / disabled / chronically ill member in the family• Families without colour TVAny family having 4 or more factors is classified as family at risk.(Source: Kudumbashree, Thiruvananthapuram)

ONE MILLION HOUSING SCHEME (1972)

ONE MILLION HOUSES SCHEME•Launched by the Government of Kerala under M.N. Govindan Nair, Housing Minister in the 1972 Achutha Menon Ministry. •The cost of construction of each house was fixed between Rs. 1250/- and Rs. 1500/-. •A house with 2 rooms and a kitchen within an area of 250 sq.ft.. •Construct and distribute the houses to the beneficiaries free of cost. •For beneficiary involvement, the panchayats were directed to realize Rs.110/- from each allottee. •The entire amount spent for the purchase of land and development of house-sites was received as subsidy from the Government of India.•There were 960 panchayats in the state and it was decided to construct 100 houses in each panchayats, thus making a total target of 96000 units. •The present condition of most of the houses so constructed are very pathetic without routine repairs and maintenance.•According to the details collected from the Directorate of Panchayats there are a total of 90208 houses under the scheme. Of this, about 57590 are single houses and 16309 are duplex houses (for 32618 families). •The Kerala State Housing Board propose to implement a scheme for the renovation/repair of the single units and also reconstruction of the duplex houses to single houses.

RENOVATION OF ONE MILLION HOUSES•After 36 years (2008) most of them are in a dilapidated condition. •A scheme to renovate the single houses at the cost of Rs. 50,000 each. •Rs. 25000 as subsidy and Rs. 25000 as contribution from Panchayats/NGOs etc. for common categories 75 percent of the amount as subsidy for SC and 100 percent as subsidy for ST) is being implemented. •Government has set apart the income from Vishu Bumper Lottery for this purpose.•Under the scheme, reconstruction of dilapidated twin houses into single units and reconstruction of single houses will be implemented through the Board. The Government Subsidy will be 50,000/- for General Category, 75000 for SC Category and Rs.1,00,000 for ST Category. •50% of the subsidy amount will be given by KSHB and the balance amount shall be met by the Local Bodies. •Government sanction received. 15036 applications received and 8326 units of 183 Panchayaths were sanctioned by the Board.

Source : http://www.kshb.kerala.gov.in/

SLUM CLEARANCE SCHEME (2001)

SLUM CLEARANCE SCHEME(2001) :The scheme envisages rehabilitation of slum dwellers in Chengalchoola in Thiruvanathapuram city. The flats are being allotted free of cost to the eligible.

Chengalchoola (Rajaji Nagar) – KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD•The total area is 12 acres. •There are 1042 households with a total population of about 5000. •700 dwelling units have been constructed by the Kerala State Housing Board (KSHB) of which 200 require intensive maintenance. •Recently TMC, through COSTFORD, has constructed 90 dwelling units and 70 are scheduled for immediate construction. •Nearly 182 shacks still remain to be taken up. •The total number of houses to be built in the colony is 252. •There are some clubs for young men and 3 Anganwadis.•Being a low lying area located by the side of drainage canal the colony is flooded during monsoons. The overspill water often carries sewage and solid wastes. •An informal daily market is operated in the area where the vendors are mostly the elderly. This market is located by the roadside and is operated in very unhygienic conditions. A space can be made available for the relocation of this market. •Only the pucca houses have toilets and water supply. •The wide drain which runs through the colony needs to be considered while effecting improvements in Rajaji Nagar Slum area.

CONCLUSIONSThe common features of all these colonies include the following:• The slum dwellers have land rights• There are no common facilities for girls or women of any age. • Very few have some clubs for men.• Only 45% of the houses have electricity connection.

HousingThe dwelling units constructed by government, governmental agencies or by NGOs under any of the schemes provided only bare facilities like one room for sleeping, one common room and a kitchen. These houses are over crowded with as many as 5 to 10 members in a few households. Some dwelling units also have more than one household living under the same roof.

Drinking Water Supply -This is an essential input in improving the quality of life of the slum dwellers. At present they suffer in terms of quantity and quality of drinking water supplied. Many of them do not have house connections. Water supply is mostly from public water supply taps (street fountains)

Storm Water Drainage –Lack of proper storm water drainage is a serious problem especially in low lying settlements. In Chenkalchoola where the entire sewage of the city is coming and getting collected for pumping out, creates lots of environmental problems.

Sewerage –The pollution of the settlements from the overflowing sewage is a serious problem in Chenkalchoola. In the core city areas sewer lines are to be constructed from within the settlements to the main sewers.

Roads –In all the colonies proper internal roads are absent. Connectivity to each house is necessary.

Environmental Improvement –Most of the settlements have very poor environment, puddles of water, heaps of dirt and litters and garbage thrown around.

The Support Services not available are:1)Day Care Centres for young children of pre school age2)Remedial Education Centres for school dropouts and for school going students who need teaching assistance to get through with studies. These centres can also be used as vocational training centres.3)Centre for counseling/ Preventive Health Clinics for people of all age group.4)Community Centres for use of both men and women. These can also function as meeting halls and for vocation centres for NHGs.5)Provision of play fields and organized open spaces for out door activities.

JNNURM- JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION• It is a massive city modernisation scheme launched by Government of India. • It envisages a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. • It is named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India. The scheme

was officially inaugurated by the prime minister, Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005 • It has two sub-missions:

• the Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance administered by the Ministry of Urban Development, with a focus on water supply and sanitation, solid waste management, road network, urban transport and redevelopment of old city areas.

• the Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor administered by the Ministry of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation with a focus on integrated development of slums.

• It is the largest national urban initiative to encourage reforms and fast track planned development of 63 identified cities.

• Focus is to be on efficiency in urban infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation and accountability of ULB's/Parastatal agencies towards citizens.

• This Mission is a key plank of India’s Eleventh Five-Year Plan which seeks to achieve inclusive growth, recognising the economic importance of urbanisation, the constraints of the current legal and institutional frameworks and the weakness of urban local governments.

Objectives: The primary objective of the JNNURM is to create economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. In line with this objective, the Mission focuses on:

• Integrated development of infrastructure services;• Securing linkage between asset creation and maintenance for long-run project sustainability;• Accelerating the flow of investment into urban infrastructure services;• Planned development of cities including the peri-urban areas, outgrowths, and urban

corridors;• Renewal and re-development of inner city areas; and• Universalization of urban services so as to ensure their availability to the urban poor.

Source: http://jnnurm.nic.in/

BSUP – TRIVANDRUM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

Need for Sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP) under Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)As per 2001 population census, 285.35 million people reside in urban areas. It constitutes 27.8% of the total population of the country. In post-independence era while population of India has grown three times, the urban population has grown five times. As per 2001 estimates, the slum population is estimated to be 61.8 million. The ever increasing number of slum dwellers causes tremendous pressure on urban basic services and infrastructure. Mission Objectives1. Focused attention to integrated development of Basic Services to the

Urban Poor in the cities covered under the Mission.2. Provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor including security of tenure at

affordable prices, improved housing, water supply, sanitation and ensuring delivery through convergence of other already existing universal services of the Government for education, health and social security.

3. Care will be taken to see that the urban poor are provided housing near their place of occupation.

4. Secure effective linkages between asset creation and asset management so that they are not only maintained efficiently but also become self-sustaining over time.

5. Ensure adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the Basic Services to the Urban Poor.

6. Scale up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.

Duration of the MissionThe duration of the Mission would be seven years beginning from the year 2005-2006.Scope of Mission ProgrammeThe main thrust of the sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor will be on integrated development of slums through projects for providing shelter, basic services and other related civic amenities with a view to provide utilities to the urban poor.

Mission Components(a) Admissible components:-i. Integrated development of slums, i.e., housing and development of infrastructure projects.ii. Projects involving development/ improvement/ maintenance of basic services to the urban poor.iii. Slum improvement and rehabilitation projects.iv. Projects on water supply/sewerage/drainage, community toilets/baths, etc.v. Houses at affordable costs for slum dwellers/ urban poor/EWS/LIG categories.vi. Construction and improvements of drains/storm water drains.vii. Environmental improvement of slums and solid waste management.viii. Street lighting.ix. Civic amenities, like, community halls, child care centers, etc.x. Operation and maintenance of assets created under this component.xi. Convergence of health, education and social security schemes for the urban poorNOTE: Land cost will not be financed except for acquisition of private land in the North Eastern States & hilly States.(b) Inadmissible ComponentsProjects pertaining to the following will not be considered :i) Powerii) Telecomiii) Wage employment programme & staff componentiv) Creation of fresh employment opportunities

METHEDOLOGY: At the outset, COSTFORD conducted detailed surveys covering topographical, socio-economic & engineering aspects of the the colonies.

• Studies regarding nature of soil & the movement of storm water during the rainy season were done with respect to the contour levels.

• In the socio-economic survey, data were collected on population & its density, communities & their relationships, education & types of occupations, health conditions & medical facilities.

• The engineering surveys covered aspects of housing, water supply, electricity, access roads, and sanitation and drainage systems.

• Greater participation of the beneficiaries and other stakeholders. • Analysis of these facts and interaction with the residents produced a better

understanding of the issues faced by the people living in the colonies.

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM the capital city of Kerala State, has a continuous cultural heritage of more than thousand years. It was an important town during the period of the kingdom of Venad and thenbecame the capital of Travancore state from 1800 AD. URBAN POOR IN TRIVANDRUMAs per the Census of India, 2001, the City area has expanded to 141.74 sq km with a total population of 7.44 lakhs. This expansion of the City limits included 5 erstwhile adjacent Panchayats to the City. It is roughly identified that now there are about 355 un-notified slums and slum like housing areas within the city.Various groups who come under the ‘urban poor’ category. • URBAN POOR IN TMCThe population of urban poor in the City is 120367. (BPL Survey, 2001 ) This accounts for 16.36 % of the total City population. • COASTAL AREASUrban poor are in coastal areas in scattered houses. • Vendors in the informal sector, pavement dwellers, wanderers, migrant workers, beggars etc. They are not ‘space-specific’, but they depend on the City to make a living and they depend on the City’s infrastructure.

CENTRE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (COSTFORD) was entrusted to prepare the DPR for three selected slums within Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation. The proposals put forward in this DPR adopt and incorporate the general planning strategies stipulated in the CDP prepared by the Corporation.Project Name :Basic Services to the Urban PoorNodal Agency :KudumbasreeImplementing Agency :Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation

TWO CENTS COLONYIntroduction•Belongs to the Karikkakom ward.•Relatively a new colony - 21 years.•Families rehabilitated by the Railways from railway land at Thampanoor. •The colony is situated near Chakkai, beside the Parvathy Puthanar canal with a total area of 59.5 cents. •The site is water-logged and unhygienic. •At present houses have been constructed after infilling. •It was meant for 38 families but only 25 are residing .•All are given a ‘title deed’ of two cents. SURVEY OF EXISTING CONDITIONSa) Populationb) Topographyc) Housing and Settlement Patternd) General Environmente) Services

• Drinking water supply• Storm water• Sanitation• Electric supply• Street Lighting• Access

f) Social Amenitiesg) Community Facilitiesh) Social Servicesi) Sewage Waste Management System

Schematic Section and Plan of Site – Existing Condition.

Level difference of NH from site (Source: COSTFORD, Primary

Survey)

Existing houses (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

General Environment (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

Storm Water Drain (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey, Dec

2006)

Access to Slum (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

Location of Two Cents Colony (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

DESIGN STRATEGY & PROPOSALSa) PondTo be desilted and excavated at a depth of 2.5 m to assure proper rain water collection while retaining the existing condition. b) FillingThe site is to be filled in order to reduce the problem of water logging. c) Retaining wallA retaining wall is a necessity to retain the filled earth in the colony. d) CanalThe existing canal is to be cleaned, desilted, the edges strengthened by providing stone pitching on either side. This canal which is connected to the Parvathy Puthanar should be cleaned on a regular basis.e) Drains•The existing kuccha drain should be properly constructed and covered, so that the road is restored. •To prevent back flow from Parvathy Puthanar (which happens twice in a year), a drain is proposed to allow overflow when necessary from the pond to the canal. •A drain will be constructed after the expansion of the existing NH in the future. Hence when this is implemented, it is expected that the water from NH area will not be flowing into the site.f) HousingOf the existing 32 households, 50% are shacks made of thatch & sheet and will have to be replaced by new construction. The existing condition of 11.7% of the households call for immediate maintenance work .Number of units to be constructed – 21Cost per unit – Rs.92000/-For RenovationNumber of units to be renovated – 4Cost per unit – Rs 25,000/-

Schematic Section of the Proposed Pond

Proposed filling in the site

Sketch of Overall Mechanism

g) ServicesWater SupplyWater supply line is proposed along the main line with three more public taps. Individual connection be taken at the expense of the beneficiaries.Electric LinesHence electric line extensions have to be done for 50m to these areas.SanitationConnection of the municipal sewerage lines is not feasible as they are located around 3kms away. Hence ‘leach pits’ are proposed for sanitary disposal. PathwaysIt is proposed to provide concrete pathways in the colony. Street LightingBio-gas plant is proposed to generate electric energy for the 4 street lights. Biogas PlantThe bio-degradable wastes (excluding sewage) are to be channelized to a biogas plant. The garbage and bio-degradable wastes could be converted into useful electrical energy in the form of street lights and for yard lighting in the landscaped area.Tree planting and LandscapingIt is proposed to provide landscaping and tree planting in the common area .Compost pitIt is proposed to provide a compost pit near the biogas plant. The pit would serve to recycle any bio-degradable waste that cannot be channeled into the biogas plant. h) Social AmenitiesAnganwadiThe nearest Anganwadi is around 1.5 km from the colony. It was noted that 20% of the population consisted of children below the age of 5 years. An Anganwadi of 45 Sqm has been proposed for 30 children.Study CentreAs 6.3% of the population presently goes to schools or colleges, it is necessary to provide a space for children to come and study even at night. KiosksTV kiosk

SELF SUSTAINING MECHANISMSMODE OF INCOMEPublic facilities include Community halls, Markets, Kiosks, etc. A reasonable rent may be collected from the users of these spaces and a nominal amount from the residents. These amounts may be used for the upkeep of the common facilities. BIOGAS PLANTSThe settlement will generate an appreciable quantity of bio-degradable and non bio-degradable wastes. The bio-degradable wastes (excluding sewage) are to be channelized to a biogas plant in the vicinity. The garbage and bio-degradable wastes could be converted into useful electrical energy in the form of street .BIO-FENCINGContinuing the concept of sustainability, it is proposed to include bio-fencing as a feature in the design. This would be in the form of closely placed bougainvillea and lantana hedges. They would do away with the problems of wastage and unnecessary expense as is encountered in conventional means of fencing.TREE PLANTINGAn extensive program of tree planting is proposed, which would involve the planting of softwood trees such as Poomaruthu (Queen’s flower) and Sheelanthi in designated areas of the colony. This would contribute to the gradual enrichment of the existing ecosystem along with the benefits of air purification and increased water absorption.

SOURCE: JNNURM PROJECT CELL, NBO

IHSDP – CHANGNASSERY MUNICIPALITY

INTEGRATED HOUSING & SLUM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IHSDP)•Integrated Housing and Slums Development Programme (IHSDP) was launched during 2006-07. •The basic objective of the scheme is to strive for holistic slum development with a healthy and enabling urban environment by providing adequate shelter and basic infrastructure facilities to the slum dwellers of the identified urban areas. •The programme was formulated by combining two erstwhile schemes viz. Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY) and National Slum Development Programme (NSDP). •IHSDP is to be implemented in all towns and cities identified as per 2001 census except cities/towns covered under JNNURM.

•Cost of land for such projects will not be provided under the programme and has to be borne by the State Government. •Housing should not be provided as free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. •A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution should be stipulated, which in the case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections shall be 10%. •Minimum floor area of dwelling unit is not less than 25 sq.mtrs. •Ceiling cost for dwelling unit will be @ Rs.80000 per unit .

•The funding pattern of IHSDP is 80:20 shared by Central and State Governments. •The State share (20%) would be equally shared by (10% each) the State government and the Urban Local Self Governments. Kudumbashree is the Nodal Agency for IHSDP.•Central assistance released will go directly to the nodal agency as Additional Central Assistance. •Release of central share to nodal agency will depend on availability of state share and submission of utilization certificates in accordance with the provisions of General Financial Rules. •State share has to be deposited in a separate account to become eligible for the central grant. •50% of the central grant will be released to the State Nodal Agency after verification of the state share and on signing the tripartite Memorandum of Agreement.

CHANGANASSERY is situated at the southern end of Kottayam District, right at the centre of the former Central Travancore region of Kerala. It is located in the Main Central Road (S.H.1) at a distance of 20km. south of the District Headquarters, Kottayam and 140km North of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.

SLUM POPULATIONAbout 29 slums were identified in different part of the town. These slums are with poor housing quality and their residential density varies from 170 persons per hectare to 1157 persons per hectare, compare to the overall residential density of 65.91 persons per hectare of Changanassery town.

CENTRE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT (COSTFORD) was entrusted to prepare the DPR for ten selected slums within Changnassery Municipality. Project Name : Integrated Housing and Slum Development ProgramNodal Agency : KudumbasreeImplementing Agency : Changanassery Municipality No of colonies : 10Total project cost : Rs. 3, 47, 17, 000 /-GOI subsidy requirement : Rs. 2, 68, 81, 000 /-State share : Rs. 34, 72, 000 /-ULB Share : Rs. 23, 97, 000 /-Beneficiary ContributionHousing General : Rs 13, 10, 400 /-SC/ST : Rs 6, 57, 400 /- Methodology : COSTFORD conducted detailed surveys of topographical, socio-economic & engineering aspects of the the colonies.

Location Map Of Fathimapuram Kuzhi Colony

(Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey, Dec 2006)

FATHIMAPURAM KUZHI COLONYLocationIt is located on the eastern side of the municipal dumping yard and temple. Access to colonyAccess to the colony is through a 4.m wide road connecting it to the main road. The nearest bus stop is the Fathimapuram, located 0.3km away.Description/layout detailsExtents: The colony covers an area of 20.82 centsTopography : The topography is gently sloping Soil conditions: Laterite soilThe vegetation is sparse with few coconut trees and ground cover.The general wind direction is southwest to northeast

Schematic Section of Site (Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey, Dec 2006)

Existing House and Road Condition(Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

Transformer feeding the colony(Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

Storage Tank(Source: COSTFORD, Primary Survey)

Population: Total : 79 Male Female ratio : Males-50.6% Females-49.4%Caste - 62.02% SC, ST community and 16.45% OBC community the rest are general .Education –91% of people are educated, only 34% have reached matriculation. Employment - Of the total employed, 98.73% are manual labourers. Existing Conditionsa) SettlementHousing condition: Total number of houses is 20 inhabited by 20 families•4 houses are in a dilapidated condition, 11 houses require renovation. •One family in the colony is both homeless and landless. •Most of the houses lack sanitation facilities. The average family size is 4-6 persons Internal roads: There are no defined internal roads. Open areas: a large open space is present adjacent to the dumping yard and the crematoria. This contains a partially completed Community hall and a temple. b) ServicesElectricity and street lighting•90% of the houses have electric connection. •Street lighting in the form of electric lamps have been provided but has been found to be inadequate.Water supply•The water supply for the colony is through GI pipes laid out by the municipality. Outlet points in the form of public taps have been provided and 12 households rely solely on these taps for water supply. • The colony does face a problem of acute water shortage with water supply being available only once in 3 days at present. 6 houses have been provided with an individual water connection. 2 houses are equipped with individual wells. Storm water DrainageAdequate storm water drains are not provided within the colony. Sanitation•15% of the households lack adequate toilet facilities. •6 households rely on public toilets. These however are not functioning due to improper maintenance and lack of regular water supply. •2 houses are equipped with septic tanks. 9 households have ring toilets. 3 households have no toilet facilities as such and the inhabitants are forced to resort to open defecation.

DESIGN STRATEGIES & PROPOSALSAn environment friendly approach is adopted to create healthy livable spaces in both the colonies. a) HousingPermanent shelters are o be provided for these inhabitants either in the form of apartments or as individual homes.

Number of units to be constructed – 4 nosNumber of renovations – 11 nos

b) Common AmenitiesCommunity centre : Anganwadi and study centreHealth ClinicCommunity HallTV KiosksKiosksPlaygroundParkBuilt in seatsBio-fencingLandscapingTree planting

c) Services Water Supply Localized water supply systemStorm Water Drains Water Recharge for Community well SanitationStreet Lighting and Electric Supply Biogas Plant, Generator Room and Garden Lighting Compost pitSmokeless Chula Rainwater harvesting Leach Pit

Schematic Section of Colony Design

Park & Rainwater Harvesting Scheme

Schematic representation of Localized Water supply system.

EXISTING LAYOUT

PROPOSED LAYOUT

REFERENCES:DETAILED PROJECT REPORTS:DPR, BSUP, TRIVANDRUM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION-PHASE IDPR, IHSDP, CHANGANASSERY MUNICIPALITY

WEBSITEShttps://jnnurmmis.nic.in/jnnurm_hupa/index.html (MINISTRY OF HOUSING AND URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION )http://jnnurm.nic.in/ (JNNURM)http://www.kshb.kerala.gov.in/ (KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD)

LITERATURE REVIEWGuidelines for Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP)Guidelines for Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP)JNNURM brochureKERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD- An OverviewTrivandrum Municipal Corporation – City Development Plan

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