Slot Tapered Vivaldi Antenna with Corrugated...
-
Upload
vuongkhanh -
Category
Documents
-
view
293 -
download
6
Transcript of Slot Tapered Vivaldi Antenna with Corrugated...
Slot Tapered Vivaldi Antenna with Corrugated Edges
Dr. K. Srinivasa Naik1, D. Madhusudan1 and Dr. S. Aruna2
1,2Department of ECE 1Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
[email protected] 2Assistant Professor, AU College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract. This paper consist a style of Vivaldi antenna by variable the
structural parameters properly to balance pattern, come loss performance by
minimizing size. The Linear Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna has been changed
by adding appropriate size corrugations on its edges to regulate the complicated
mutual coupling at high scan angles. The Vivaldi antenna is built exploitation
substrate of relative permittivity 3.27 and height 0.3807mm. The antenna is
intended at frequency of 12GHz with dimensions of 41.97mm× 72.92mm×
0.3807mm. The simulation result showed that the projected antenna provides
waveband from 3.1 GHz to 20 GHz at loss -10dB and HPBW varies around
close to 900. The antenna includes a smaller size, with improved HPBW and it
will meet the necessities of UWB system
Keywords: Ultra-wideband (UWB), Half power beam width (HPBW),
corrugations and return loss.
1 Introduction
In modern communication system, ultra-wideband antenna have to make happy (by
meeting a need or reaching a goal) the different needed things, such as sending more
information, transmitting and receiving quality of the information. There are many
other kinds of ultra-wideband antenna available such as Bow tie, Helical, Spiral, Log-
occasional, Horn and Biconical. Vivaldi antenna is selected because of its superior
broad band (features/ qualities/ traits), good impedance matching to the feed line,
good energy and easy manufacturing process [3-4]. Vivaldi antenna is a kind of
travelling wave and non-period antenna with UWB property, which can be made of
microstrip so that it is widely used in many applications and as phased rows [1].
Vivaldi structure is proposed by Gibson in 1979 [2]. Vivaldi antenna maintains
symmetrical E plane, and H plane patterns and the planar structure is also
symmetrical. The UWB antenna must maintain not only wide impedance radio
frequency but also wide immediate radio frequency.
For ultra-wideband signal, the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
defined frequency band as 3.1 to 10.6 GHz over which maximum power is radiated.
The performance with a rippled surface vivaldi antenna will play an important role for
the UWB Communication system. Vivaldi antenna with (a rippled surface structures
are being developed for radar and communication systems [5]. Maksimovitch et al,
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017), pp.142-149
http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2017.147.22
ISSN: 2287-1233 ASTL Copyright © 2017 SERSC
introduced corrugations in vivaldi antenna with increased antenna radio frequency.
The radiation characteristics have been improved by the use of a comb structure
etched along the antenna edges combined with resistive films [6].
In the present paper, Vivaldi antenna is designed for reduced size and increase in
impedance radio frequency. A linear slot with thinner at the end (tapered) antenna is
designed for a frequency band 3.1 to 20 GHz.
2 Design of Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna
2.1 Tapered Slot Antenna Design
Tapered slot Vivaldi antenna is a kind of antenna that receives signals from one
direction. It's basically a flared slot line, created on a single metallization layer and
supported by a dielectric. The shape of the Vivaldi antenna used in the present paper
has linear tapered slot which impacts the frequency range of the antenna. The opening
of the taper is for high frequency matching and wide end of taper is for lower
frequency matching. The design of tapered slot Vivaldi antenna is a trade-off between
the antenna size and its radio frequency. Slot line starts to radiate significantly under
the condition of
sw =λ0
2 (1)
Where, sw is width of the slot.
In practical conditions, the antenna does not radiate at a single point for a given
frequency, but from a small section along the line of the flare. The taper profile is the
combination of three linear lines, one linear region for high frequency and others are
for low frequency. Linear tapered slot antennas (LTSAs) are the best agreement
between beam width and side lobe level. If the number of linear lines increases slowly
the linear tapered slot becomes a exponential. At the same time, beam of the radiation
pattern becomes narrow.
Different tapered slots types are exist. The most common types are linear tapered
(LTSA), exponentially tapered (VTSA) and constant width (CWSA). The beam
widths of CWSAs are typically the smallest, followed by LTSAs and then VTSAs.
Most TSA elements produce symmetric radiation patterns in the E and H planes.
In this paper, corrugation is introduced at the sting of the projected antenna. By
corrugating the sting of the projected antenna it's potential to suppress surface current
on the longitudinal direction and resonant frequency is reduced. Within the array the
corrugations scale back the coupling between 2 antennas [7].
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
Copyright © 2017 SERSC 143
Fig. 1. Structure of linear Vivaldi antenna
2.2 Feeding Circuit of Vivaldi Antenna
A simple line feeding port is employed for Vivaldi antenna and at the tip of the feed a
radial stub is employed, that is useful for resistivity matching. The tapered slot
Vivaldi antenna is worked up via the microstrip to fit line transition. The transition
construction exploits broadband options of a microstrip radial stub used as a virtual
broadband short.
The microstrip is just about shunted to the second half of the slot line metallization
whereas the primary half is a ground metallization for the microstrip line, it's
necessary to rework the resistivity of the input feeding microstrip line (50Ω) to the
input resistivity (100Ω) of the transition [8-10]. The tapered slot Vivaldi antenna with
feeding circuits is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Feed structure of proposed antenna
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
144 Copyright © 2017 SERSC
Table 1. Dimension of the Linear Vivaldi Antenna
Width, W 72.92mm
Length, L 41.97mm
l1 3mm
l2 16mm
l3 27mm
Cavity diameter, r 2.9mm
G 1.5mm
W50 0.9021mm
W100 0.2668mm
Radius of the microstrip stub,
Rstub
3.5mm
3 Results and Analysis
Linear Tapered Slot Vivaldi antenna designed in the present paper is shown in Fig. 1.
The parameters of the Vivaldi antenna are given in Table I. It has 0.017 mm thickness
copper fins on the both sides of a “Roger TTM3”. The total length is 72.92mm by
assuming a lower cut-off frequency at 3GHz. The width is 41.97mm which is
sufficiently wide to reduce the reflection. The Tapered slot Vivaldi antenna designed
with substrates of “Roger TMM3” (𝜖𝑟=3.27, ℎ=0.3807 mm, tan(δ) = 0) is simulated
with HFSS 15.
Simulated results leads to Fig. 3 shows that this tapered slot Vivaldi antenna
presents sensible UWB characteristics in terms of resistivity information measure,
come loss is below -10 sound unit between three.1 GHz and twenty GHz.
VSWR represents of the antenna’s fitness; thus, it's vital that the VSWR be below
a pair of across the complete UWB spectrum (3.1–20 GHz). The simulated result
presented in Fig 3 clearly shows that the VSWR curve for this antenna is less than 2
over the frequency range of 3.1GHz – 20 GHz.
Fig. 3. Return loss of the linear Vivaldi Antenna (in dB).
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
Copyright © 2017 SERSC 145
Fig. 4. Simulated VSWR of Vivaldi Antenna.
Fig. 5 shows the value of real and imaginary impedance between 3.1 to 20 GHz for
the Vivaldi antenna. The figure shows a good matching of the antennas to the feed
line and proposed antenna have the values of impedance real part near 50 ohm and
value of imaginary part near zero ohm.
Fig. 5. Impedance plot for the Vivaldi antenna
The E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns for the frequencies of 10 and 12 GHz
are shown in Fig. 5. The x-y plane is the E-plane while the x-z plane is the H-plane.
The HPBW is almost in between 900 to 1000 at 10 GHz, 12 GHz. The designed
antennas can be used in the entire UWB frequency band with a fractional bandwidth
of 146% from 3.1 up to 20 GHz. It exhibits a voltage standing wave of less than 2.0 in
a frequency range from 3.1 to 20 GHz.
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
146 Copyright © 2017 SERSC
Fig. 5(a). Radiation Pattern at 12 GHz (phi=00)
Fig. 5(b). E-field at 12 GHz (phi=00 and phi=900)
Fig. 5(c). Radiation Pattern at 10 GHz (phi=00)
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
Copyright © 2017 SERSC 147
Fig. 5(d). E-field at 10 GHz (phi=00 and phi=900)
3 Conclusion
In this paper, the impact of the antenna exploitation furrowed structure on the tapered-
slot antenna characteristics has been studied. And conjointly reduced size is intended
that has sensible resistivity information measure of a linear tapered slot antenna. The
aspect lobes of the pattern also are improved. The antenna has sensible beam
dimension for array scanning and improved come loss. The projected antenna is often
simply integrated with a tabular circuit.
References
1. Farzaneh Taringou, David Dousset, Jens Bornemann and Ke Wu, “Broadband CPW Feed
for Millimeter-Wave SIW-Based Antipodal Linearly Tapered Slot Antennas”, IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1756-1762, April 2013.
2. J. H. Shafieha, J. Noorinia, and Ch. Ghobadi, "Probing the Feed Line Parameters in
Vivaldi Notch Antennas", Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 1, pp. 237–252,
2008.
3. Joon Shin and Daniel H. Schaubert, “A Parameter Study of Stripline-Fed Vivaldi Notch-
Antenna Arrays”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 47, NO. 5, pp.
879-886, May 1999.
4. P. J. Gibson, “The vivaldi aerial”, Proceedings of the 9th European Microwave
Conference, pp. 101–105, 1979.
5. W. C. K. F. Lee, Advances in microstrip and printed antennas, J. Wiley & sons, pp. 433-
513, 1997.
6. Maksimovitch Ye. S., Mikhnev V. A., and Vainikainen P., “Radiation properties of ultra-
wideband printed-board antennas: simulations and experimental verification,” Ultra-
wideband and Ultra short Impulse Signals, Sevastopol, Ukraine, pp. 160-162, 15-19
September, 2008.
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
148 Copyright © 2017 SERSC
7. Yongwei Zhang, K. Brown, “Bunny Ear Combline Antennas for Compact WideBand Dual
Polarized Aperture Array,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 59, no.
8, pp. 3071-3075, august 2011.
8. J. B. Knorr, “Slot-Line Transitions,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, pp. 548-554, May 1974.
9. B. Schuppert, “Microstrip / Slotline Transitions: Modeling and Experimental
Investigation,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 36, no. 08,
pp. 1272-1281, Aug. 1988.
10. Robert A. Scholtz, David M. Pozar, Won Namgoong, “Ultra-Wideband Radio”, EURASIP
Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2005:3, pp. 252–272, 12 May 2004.
11. Daniel Valderas, Juan Ignacio Sancho, David Puente, Ultra-wideband Antennas: Design
and Applications, Imperial college press, 2011.
12. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2ed edition. J. Wiley & Sons, 1997.
13. Z. N. C. a. M. Y. W. Chia, Broadband Planar Antennas: Design and Applications, John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 180-190, 2006.
14. J. N. M. M. P. Černý, “Optimization of Tapered Slot Vivaldi Antenna for UWB
Application,” Faculty of Electrical Engineering, 2007.
Advanced Science and Technology Letters Vol.147 (SMART DSC-2017)
Copyright © 2017 SERSC 149