SLOAN: The Obviousness of Open Policy
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Transcript of SLOAN: The Obviousness of Open Policy
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Breaking the Iron Triangle “The Obviousness
of Open Policy”Dr. Cable Green
Director of Global [email protected]
g@cgreen
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Some things in life are obvious…
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CC BY-NC-SA
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CC BY-ND
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Duh. By: slworking2 http://www.flickr.com/photos/slworking/4112481205/
CC BY-NC-SA
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Duh... By: Brian Auer http://www.flickr.com/photos/brianauer/3731836271 CC BY-NC-ND
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Giant Reassuring Sign By: Billy V http://www.flickr.com/photos/billyv/352560572CC BY-NC-SA
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Duh! By: n0ah84 http://www.flickr.com/photos/n0ah84/195114057/CC BY-NC-SA
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Duh By: Susan Batterman http://www.flickr.com/photos/sbatterman/4125761794
CC BY-NC-ND
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A tower of Hay – Winchester By: neilalderney123 http://www.flickr.com/photos/neilsingapore/6202632783 CC BY-NC
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Children Reading Pratham Books and Akshara By Ryan Lobo http://www.flickr.com/photos/prathambooks/3291617463 CC BY
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“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.
1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections
By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/JohnDaniel_2008_3x5.jpg
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Dreaming Girls Head By: Elfleda http://www.flickr.com/photos/carolinespics/153137487
CC BY-NC-ND
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Vic: http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4052/4505411171_edb5e277b5.jpg Kathy: http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/images/staff/kathy_2.JPG Barbara: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jrandomf/4506044752/in/set-72157623816205676
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Education grant making
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MSC_1205 By: USV http://www.flickr.com/photos/unionsquareventures/3339520899
CC BY
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By: UNESCO: http://www.moveoneinc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/UNESCO.jpg
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By: OECD: http://www.eifl.net/system/files/201106/oecd_text_20cm_hd_0.jpg
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By: MIT OCW: http://conferences.ocwconsortium.org/2011/cambridge/images/logo-ocwc-decade.jpg
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Creative Beauty at Creative Commons By: Kristina Alexandersonhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kalexanderson/6051120264/
CC BY-SA
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OER are teaching, learning, and research
materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been
released under an open license that permits their free use and re-purposing
by others.
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Connexions MERLOTCK-12OER AfricaOER BrazilOER FoundationOLnetWikipediaMozillaPIRGSOLIUniversities & Community Colleges… and MANY others
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BUT … Four Challenges for the Next DecadeCompletion challenge• Middle skill job demand• Stagnant ~40% AA+
attainment levels• Low completion rates
Demographic challenge Increasing diversity Low academic readiness “Non-traditional” new
normal
Funding challenge State budget cuts Limits to student and
family ability to pay and to borrow
Quality challenge Increasing demands from
global economy Questioning what students
are really learning
Attribution: Josh Jarrett, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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75% of students are ‘nontraditional’ -- they meet one of these criteria...
... they’re older
What’s the problem? The world changed
…they're
OLDER
…theyWORK
…they’reCARE-GIVERS
…they live
OFF-CAMPUS
…they’re financially on
THEIR OWN
Attribution: Josh Jarrett, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
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Source: The Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access, and Quality, Public Agenda, October 2008.
“In the view of many college and university presidents, the three main factors in higher education—cost, quality, and access—exist in what we call an iron triangle. These factors are linked in an unbreakable reciprocal relationship, such that any change in one will inevitably impact the others.”
- Public Agenda research on opinions of higher education
presidents
Source: The Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access, and Quality, Public Agenda, October 2008.
But institutions haven’t – and “can’t”
The “Iron Triangle” suggests institutions are constrained in their ability to adapt
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The Iron Triangle• Three concepts dominate the concerns
presidents: – increasing cost of higher education– challenge of providing access– need to maintain and improve educational quality
• Three missions in tension:– Access up = quality down and/or costs up– Quality up = access down and/or costs up– Costs down = quality down and/or access down
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vs.
Rivalrous vs. Non-Rivalrous Resources
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OLPC and FOSS@RIT--Education innovation the open source way By: opensourcewayhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4863541086/sizes/o/in/photostream/
CC BY-SA
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Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.90
• Copy by computer - $0.00084
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
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Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20• $0 with print-on-demand (2000+ copies)
• Distribute by internet - $0.00072
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
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Copy and Distribute are “Free”
This changes everything
CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
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Video
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A simple, standardizedway to grant copyright permissions to your creative work.
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Easy-to-use, standardized licenses and public
domain tools that allow creators to publish their works on more flexible terms than standard
copyright
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“Some rights reserved”
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Step 1: Choose Conditions
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
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Step 2: Receive a License
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CC0 public domain dedication
Public Domain Mark
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most free
least free
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3 layers
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“human readable” deed
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“lawyer readable” license
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“machine readable” metadata
<span xmlns:cc=“http://creativecommons.org/ns#” xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”>
<span rel="dc:type" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dc:title">My Photo</span> by <a rel="cc:attributionURL" property="cc:attributionName" href="http://joi.ito.com/my_photo">Joi Ito</a> is licensed under a
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License</a>.
<span rel="dc:source" href="http://fredbenenson.com/photo/”>Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a rel="cc:morePermissions" href="http://ozmo.com/revenue_sharing_agreement">OZMO</a>.
</span></span>
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Updated #s (and growing fast)
Over 500 million items
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CultureScienceGovernmentEducationMore
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72 Creative Commons “Affiliate” Teams
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175+ Million CC Licensed Photos on Flickr
58
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/22240293@N05/3735172478/in/set-72157621681117648 By: Francisco Diez
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Higher Ed
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Education grant making
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Search & Discovery
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Translations & Accessibility
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Customization & Affordability
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By: Eurostat: http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=educ_figdp&lang=en
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Global GPD = US $58.3 T x 5% = US $2.915 T / year
How much of that is spent:• creating courseware?• subsidizing or directly purchasing
textbooks?
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CC BY
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CC BY-NC-SA
OPEN
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Partner with Legislators who care about:
(a) efficient use of national / state
tax dollars; (b) saving students money;
(c) increasing access to education
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• Cooperate & share = We all Win– Faculty have new choices when building
learning spaces.– …the more eyes on a problem, the greater
chance for a solution.• Affordability: students can’t afford
textbooks• Self-interest: good things happen
when I share• It’s a social justice issue: everyone
should have the right to access digital knowledge.
Why is “Open” Important?
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Dream in Colour By: Vineet Radhakrishnanhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/vineetradhakrishnan/6038259665
CC BY-NC-ND
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Textbook RFP?1. Higher Education
– Textbooks for top 100 highest enrolled courses (see California)
2. Primary / K-12– Textbooks for US “Common
Core”
Legislative Strategy
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English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $9.6+ Million every year
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English Composition I
• 55,000+ enrollments / year
• x $175 textbook
• = $9.6+ Million every year
Insa
ne
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• OpenStax College texts are CC BY and can be adopted and adapted by faculty
• OpenStax College texts meet scope/sequence requirements of course and are professionally developed
• Any format, on any device, at any time and epub/pdf is always free and never expire
• New ecosystem of partners to support the content
http://openstaxcollege.org
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NEW HE Models are En Route
Credit: Timothy Valentine & Leo Reynolds CC-BY-NC-SA
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The OER university
Adapted from Taylor 2007
Free learning opportunities for all students worldwide
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Dec. 2008 / LAUNCH by Minister of EducationGoal: Mainstreaming OER in all educational sectors
Six Activity Areas:Technology, Content, Professionalization,Communities, Research, Communication
2009–2011 / INITIAL IMPLEMENTATIONIntense user evaluation
Many committed stakeholdersGood progress, and … lessons …
2011–2013 / SUSTAINABLE PERSPECTIVEFully utilize user participation
Clearly differentiate between the educational sectorsEstablish ownership with relevant partners in those sectors
BUDGET 2009–2013: € 8,0 millionwww.wikiwijs.nl
National Wikiwijs Program
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massive change By: sookie http://www.flickr.com/photos/sookie/31219031
CC BY
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Defeate
d
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U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
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U.S. House Appropriations Committee draft FY2012 Labor, Health and Human Services funding bill
SEC. 124. None of the funds made available by this Act for the Department of Labor may be used to develop new courses, modules, learning materials, or projects in carrying out education or career job training grant programs unless the Secretary of Labor certifies, after a comprehensive market-based analysis, that such courses, modules, learning materials, or projects are not otherwise available for purchase or licensing in the marketplace or under development for students who require them to participate in such education or career job training grant programs.
http://appropriations.house.gov/UploadedFiles/FY_2012_Final_LHHSE.pdf
Defeate
d
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Stop Online Piracy Act
PROTECT IP Act
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Wikipedia Blackout Screen By: Wikimedia Commons CC BY SA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Blackout_Screen.jpg
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H.R. 3699
"No Federal agency may adopt, implement, maintain, continue, or otherwise engage in any policy, program, or other activity that -- (1) causes, permits, or authorizes network dissemination of any private-sector research work without the prior consent of the publisher of such work; or (2) requires that any actual or prospective author, or the employer of such an actual or prospective author, assent to network dissemination of a private-sector research work."
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CC BY-NC-ND046: Rule #2: See Rule #1 By: William Couchhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/wcouch/2268610556
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Lincoln By: carfull… http://www.flickr.com/photos/carfull/5720220773
CC BY-NC-ND
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• Efficient use of public funds to increase student success and access to quality educational materials.
• Everything else (including all existing business models) is secondary.
Only ONE thing Matters:
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CC BY-NC
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Open nature By: opensourcewayhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5537457709
CC BY-SA
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the opposite of open isn’t “closed”
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the opposite of open is “broken”