Slide.tương Tác Người-Máy - Bùi Thế Duy, 141 Trang

7/21/2019 Slide.tng Tc Ng i-My - Bi Th Duy, 141 Trang

1/141


2/141

4/11/2005Bi Th Duy - B mn Mng v TTMT2

GiGiiithithiuumnmnhhcc

Ging vin: TS. Bi Th Duy B mnMng & TTMT, phng 304, nh E3 Email: [email protected]

Gihc: Chiu th 2, th 4 hng tun2pm-5.20pm, phng 210, 14C Website mn hc:http://www.fotech.vnu.edu.vn/coursesChn mn: HCI

pdf-office.com This will be removed in registered Program pdf-office.com


3/141


MMcctiutiumnmnhhcc Xy dng kh nng thit k tt cho nhng h

thng tng tccc mc k thut, tnh nng vnhn thc (cognitive) thng qua s hiu bit vcc thch thcangi mt vi nhng ngidng ca mt h thng;

Thu c mt quy trnh lm vic hp l thitk giao din;

Khm ph v yu thch mn hc Tng TcNgi My.



4/1414/11/2005Bi Th Duy - B mn Mng v TTMT4

GiGiiithithiuuchungchung

Tng tc ngi my (HCI) l g?Nhng chuyn ngnh lin quann HCI Ti s a o mt hc sinh CNTT phi quan tm

n HCI Tm quan trng ca mt vic thit k tt

mt giao din ngi dng



5/1414/11/2005Bi Th Duy - B mn Mng v TTMT5

TngTngttccngngiimmyy(HCI)(HCI) llgg??

HCI l snghin cu v pht trin cc giao dinmy tnh vi mcch lm cho ngi dng dsdng chng hn.

HCI: tng tc ngi my, giao tip ngi myKHNG CH L: thit k giao din !!!!! HCI lin quann

Nghin cu vic con ngi s dng cc giao din Pht trin ccng dng mi cho ngi dng

Pht trin cc thit b v cng c mi cho ngi dng



6/1414/11/2005Bi Th Duy - B mn Mng v TTMT

6

NhNhngngchuynchuynngngnhnhlinlinquanquannnHCIHCI

HCI lin quann nhiu ngnh HCI nghin cu 3 phn:

Hnh thc: cc hnh thc giao tip gia ngi

v my Chc nng: cc chc nng mi trong giao tip

ngi my. Cit: Cit cc giao din



7/1414/11/2005Bi Th Duy - B mn Mng v TTMT

7


Tm l hc, x hi hc, trit hc: chcnng Sinh l hc, Cng thi hc (Ergonomics):

chc nng, hnh thc

Cng thi hc (Ergonomics): Khoa hc vvicthit kcc my mc, cc cng c, cc my tnhv khu vc lm vic vt l, sao cho mi ngi d

tm thy chng v tho

i mi trong s

dng.



8/141



Thit k ha v cng nghip, thit km thanh, innh: hnh thc, chc nngv cit

K nghphn mm: chc nng v cit K thutin, in t: cit

v c th cc ngnh khc ...



9/141


TTiisaosaommtthhccsinhsinhCNTTCNTT phphiiquanquantmtmnnHCIHCI

Hc sinh CNTT hc: Pht trin ccng dng phn mm mi Pht trin cc cng c dng trong ccng

dng: ha 3 chiu, ngn ng lp trnh ... Pht trincch iu hnh

...Con ngi l mt trong nhng thnh phn

thit yu ca c c h thng ny !!!!!



10/141


TTmmquanquantrtrngngccaammttviviccthithittkkttttmmttgiaogiaodidinnngngiiddngng

Gim thi gian lp trnh Gim chi ph cho nhng trc trc do giao

din Tng kh nng bnc ca sn phm Tng nng sut

Gim nhng bnh ngh nghip do dngmy tnh Gim nhng li nguy himn tnh mng



11/141


12/141


13/141



Tng nng sut laong

20 ngi dng

x 230 ngyx 100 mn hnh giao tip 1 ngy

x 10 giy mi mn hnh giao tip___________________________= 1278 gi(32 tun)



14/141


15/141



Gim chi pho to

20 nhn vin

x 2 ng dng mi nmx 2.5 ngy ming dng

_________________________= 100 ngy (20 tun)



16/141



Gim nhng li ngi dng

500 ngi dng

x 20 li mt nmx 15 pht cho mt li

____________________________= mt 2500 gi(63 tun)



17/141



To r a n hng sn phm c c ht lng caohn Ngi dng tit kim thi gian khi s dng

giao din nn c th tp trung vo cng vicchnh

V d: tm kim d liu, nh dng vn bn ....



18/141


19/141


TTmmquanquantrtrngngccaammttviviccthithittkkttttmmttgiaogiaodidinnngngiiddngng Tng kh nng bnc ca sn phm

DOS khng th so snhc vi c c h iu hnh khc cngthi

Windows v Explorer em li cho Microsoft li nhun cc ln

Windows c sao chp li t giao din ca Macintosh !!! Giao din ca Macintosh c sao chp li t Bravo pht trin

ti Xerox PARC !!!

Giao dinp d nhnc hpng Giao din ti c thb loi ngay t u cho d chng

trnh ttn my



20/141



My tnh xut hin khp mi ni: iukhin my bay, t, dn nghe nhc ....

Giao din ngi my tnh tt => giaodin ngi cc thit b tt



21/141

11/27/2004Bi ThDuy - Bmn Mng v TTMT1

TngTngttccngngii--mmyy

((HumanHuman --Computer InteractionComputer Interaction))


22/141


23/141


TTnhnhtitinnlliiccaammtthhththngngPhn tch v d: Chicn violin

Ci g lm cho n tin li ?

....

hay khng tin li ?


24/141


25/141


ChiChiccnnviolinviolin cctitinnlliikhngkhng??

Ti sao chicn violin lic to ra nhvy? V nc thit kcho cc siu nhn

Khi bn lm ch c n, n strnn tin li !!!

Vy mt hthng c nn thit knhchicnviolin C bao nhiu ngi l siu nhn??

Chc cng lm l 10% Vy chng ta khng nn coi chicn violin l tin

li


26/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnlliiBn nguyn tc (Shackel, 1990): Tnh c

thhcc (learnability), tnh dsdng(ease of use), tnh linhng (flexibility) v

tnh cm xc (affectiveness)

B. Shackel. Human Factors and Usability. In: Preece, J.and L. Keller (Ed.),Human-Computer Interaction:Selected Readings. Prentice Hall, 1990.


27/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnllii Tnh c thhcc

cc hthng tng tc phi dhc Tnh dsdng

cc hthng tng tc phi hiu qutrong vic gip

ngi sdngtc mcch Tnh linhng

cc hthng tng tc phi thchngc nhnghon cnh khc nhau

Tnh cm xc cc hthng tng tc phi lm cho ngi dng cm

thy thoi mi


28/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnlliiTi sao phi theo cc nguyn tc ny?Nhng nguyn tc ny gip cho bn tp

trung vo mc tiut raChng gip cho bn c th oc mc

mc tiut rac hon thnhcnu.

y l mt phng phpc dngnh gi mt thit k!!!!!


29/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnllii

Tnh c thhccTnh dsdngTnh linhngTnh cm xc


30/141


TTnhnhccthth hhcccc Tnh c thhcc thhin qua thi gian v cng sc

brac th tc mt trnhsdng nhtnh.

Tnh c thtng hpc: Khi ti lm thny th cig xy ra!

Hthng cho php ngi dng tng hp cc kin thc m hthuc thng qua vic sdng hthng t c thxy dng mththng cc nguyn tc vcc kin thc ny.

Tnh c th onc: Khi ti lm thny thiusxy ra! Ngi dng thng d on kt quca mt stng tc davo hthng kin thc m hthuc tcc ln tng tc

trc. Hthng nn htrcc suy lun hay d on ny bngcch lun luna ra cc thng tin phn hi nht qun.


31/141


TTnhnhccthth hhccccTTnhnhccthth ttngnghhppcc


32/141


TTnhnhccthth hhccccTTnhnhccthth ttngnghhppcc


33/141


TTnhnhccththhhcc

ccTTnhnhccththoonncc

Mtp: ca shi thoi xut hinchntn tp.

=> Ghi tp: chc l mt ca shi thoi

cng sxut hinchn tn tp


34/141


TTnhnhccthth hhcccc Tnh quen thuc

Ngi dng sdng cc kin thc c ttrcquytnh xem sphi lm g trong cc tnh hungmi.

Vn dng cc kin thc theo quy lut, ngi dngphi suy nghqu nhiu trc mt tnh hung mi.

Tnh khi qut v tnh kinnh Ngi sdng khi qut nhng quy lut v knng

p dng vo nhng tnh hung tng t. Hthng nn htrvic to nn cc knng bngcch hotng tng ttrong nhng tnh hungtng t.


35/141


TTnhnhccthth hhccccLm thnoc th nh gi tnh c

thhcc? Thng qua thi gian sdnghcc

cch hon thnh mt cng vic nhtnhmt trnhnhtnh


36/141


TTnhnhccthth hhcccc


37/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnlliiTnh c thhcc

Tnh dsdngTnh linhngTnh cm xc


38/141


39/141


TTnhnhddssddngng Tnh c thkhi phcc: Oops! Ti va xa

mt ton b cng !!! Ngi dng c thgy ra li Cc hthng nnc thit ksao cho cc li c th

c ngn chn v khi phcc. Tnh thch nghi vi nhim v: Cc tnh nng

ca hthng c thch nghi vi nhim vcangi dng khng?

Cc hthng phic thit ksao cho tnh nng cachngpngc nhim vca ngi dng. Hayni cch khc, cc tnh nng ca hthng phi datrn nhim vca ngi dng


40/141


TTnhnhddssddngngLm thno nh gic tnh ds

dng? Mc hiu sut cng victc

Thi gian hon thnh cng vicmc caonht

Tn sut li

Cng scu c bra: thng qua cu hiiutra hoc cc chssinh l (v.d. nhp tim)


41/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnlliiTnh c thhccTnh dsdng

Tnh linhngTnh cm xc


42/141


43/141


TTnhnhlinhlinhngngTnh thay th c: Cho php nhng gi

trvo ra tngng c th c thayththoi mi. V.d: ko th

Tnh ty bin(Customizability): Chophp mt hthng c ththch nghicvi nhu cu ca ngi dng


44/141


TTnhnhlinhlinhngngLm thno nh gic tnh linh

ng? Thng qua hiu sut v sli to ra trong cc

tnh hung khc nhau


45/141


CCccnguynnguynttccccaattnhnhtitinnlliiTnh c thhccTnh dsdngTnh linhng

Tnh cm xc


46/141


TTnhnhccmmxxcc Tnh cm xc thhin qua mc a thch v

thoi mi ngi sdng cm thy khi sdngmt hthng.

Gi trcm xc: !!!! Tnh thm m

Cc yu tmi trng: Cc hthng nncthit k ph hp vi cc mi trng vt l:RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)!


47/141


TTnhnhccmmxxccLm thnoc th nh gic tnh

cm xc? Thng qua cu hiiu tra hoc cc chs

sinh l


48/141



((HumanHuman --Computer InteractionComputer Interaction))


49/141


50/141


ConCon ngngiiNhn vt trung tm trong mi h thng

tng tc My tnhc thit k phc v con

ngi => Yu cu ca ngi lu tin smt. Trong phn ny chng ta quan tmn cc

yu t v con ngi mt vn tngchng nh chng lin quan gn HCI


51/141


ConCon ngngii c thphc v con ngic tt:

chng ta cn phi bit mt ngi no ckh nng lm g v khng lmc g V.d. :

ngi khim th: dng m thanh, phm ni,ch ni ....

chng ta cn bit con ngi nhn bit th gii

ntn, lu tr, x l thng tin v gii quyt vn ntn, v thao tc vi cc vt ntn


52/141


ConCon ngngii Chng ta s ch quan tmn nhngc

im ca con ngi lin quann HCI ! lmciu, chng ta s nghin

cu con ngimt m hnhn ginhn n h mt h thng x l thng tin

M hnh c 3 thnh phn chnh:

Thnh phn vo/ra B nh B x l


53/141


ConCon ngngii M hnh ha con ngi:

Thnh phn vo/ra B nh

B x l


54/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvooraraccaaconcon ngngii Con ngi giao tip vi th gii thng qua

nhn v gi thng tin bng cc thnh phnvo ra

Con ngi My tnh

Ra Vo

RaVo


55/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvoo Thng qua nm gic quan: th gic, thnh

gic, khu gic, v gic, xc gic Hin nay, ba gic quan l quan trng cho

HCI, hai gic quan v gic v khu gicvn chac quan tmn


56/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvoo

Th gic Thnh gic Xc gic


57/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvooththgigiccLng mi

ng tMng cng

Trngen


58/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvooththgigicc

im m bui ti

CCchch bb trtr mmuu nnii (foreground)(foreground)


59/141


CCchchbbtrtrmmuunnii(foreground)(foreground)

vvmmuunnnn(background)(background)Background

foreground black blue brown cyan green magenta red white

black + + ++

blue ++

cyan ++

green ++ + + red + +

white + ++

yellow ++ ++ + +

deep green +

deep cyan + + + + +

deep magenta + ++

deep white ++ + +


60/141


VVchchoo


61/141


oohhnhnhvvnnnnchichicclyly


62/141


CCmmnhnhnnhhnhnhnhnh Hnhnh khng ch lc cm nhn mt

cch th ng m cn theo mt s lut cbn nhnc hnhp: Lut Praegnanz: Trong s mt s t chc hnh

nhc xut hinng thi, t chc hnhnh non gin nht, nnh nht s ccm nhn.

Lut k cn: hng v nhm nhng thnhphncnh nhau


63/141


CCmmnhnhnnhhnhnhnhnh Lut tng t: hng v nhm nhng thnh

phn tng t nhau Lut lin tc: hng v nhm nhng thnh

phn lin tip nhau to thnh ccng congmt

Lutng: hng v nhm nhng thnh phn

to thnh mt hnhng


64/141


HHnhnhnhnhnn

Hnh tam gicbn tricgiuhnh bnphi


65/141


HHnhnhnhnhnn

S 4 bn tric giuhnh bn phi


66/141


CCmmnhnhnnhhnhnhnhnh

Chng ta cm nhnc rng c hai hnhch nht ln nhau


67/141


CCmmnhnhnnhhnhnhnhnhChng ta vn cm nhn

c mt hnh ovalmc d hnh ny khngc v r rng


68/141


NhNhngngoogigicc


69/141


CCmmnhnhnnvvsusu

Thng qua hai mt

CCmmnhnhnnvvsusu


70/141


--thngthngqua chiqua chi titittccaahhnhnhnhnh

CCmmnhnhnnvvsusu


71/141


--thngthngquaqua chuychuynnngng

Vtgn chuynng nhanh hn,vtxa chuyn

ng chm hn


72/141


CCmmnhnhnnvvsusuTheo v tr

Theo kch c

ngngddngng


73/141


MMnnhhnhnh3D3Dphimphim3D3D

Thu hai hnhnh dnh cho 2

mt (camera c leni)

Hai hnhnhc chiungthi cho 2 mt

Dng knh xem 2 hnhnhhai mt khc nhau


74/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvoo Th gic

Thnh gic Xc gic


75/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvooththnhnhgigicc Thnh gic quan trng vi chng ta nh th no:

H thng bong Cn bng cm xc: nghe nhc

Giao tip

Nhng vn th v nht v thnh gic Cbn ca ha m

S nh hng ca kin thc ti vic tch cc ngunm thanh khc nhau

Nhn dng cc ging ni


76/141


BBnnchchttccaammthanhthanhNgun m thanh pht ra

cc sng trn

Ting

n tr

ng (whitenoise) l s tng hp ca

rt nhiu m thanh vi tn

s v cng ngu nhin(ting gn sng trn h)


77/141


BBnnchchttccaammthanhthanhCng

Tn s ( cao thp)

Mt m thanh trong troc th hin bng dngsng hnh sin (khng c nhiu) vi bin l cng v tn s l cao thp


78/141


CCmmnhnhnnmmthanhthanh

Tn s (Hz)

Ng

ngnghec

Gii hn b au

Cng

(dB)


79/141


CCmmnhnhnnmmthanhthanh Con ngi chng ta c th cm nhnc:

tn s ca m thanh ( cao thp) cng ( to nh)

m sc (khc v ngun m thanh pht ra t cc dng

c khc nhau, mc d c cng tn s v cng)

Chng ta cng c th nhn r a v tr ca ngun mthanh

dng hai tai

s khc nhau v thi gian nhn v cng


80/141


CCmmnhnhnnmmthanhthanh Con ngi c th nghec m thanh vi cc t

s t khong 20Hz ti 15kHz Con ngi c thphn bitc thayi khong

1.5Hz cc tn s thp. Cng tn s cao th kh

nng phn bit cng km hn Nhng tn s khc nhau thnh hngn

nhng phn khc nhau trong h thng x l m

thanh ca con ngi => to ra nhng kch thchkhc nhaun h thng thn kinh


81/141


CCmmnhnhnnmmthanhthanh H thng x l m thanh thc hin mt s

thao tc lc m thanh => cho php b quanhng tingn nn => tp trung vo mthanh quan trng

Cocktail party efect chng ta vn cth nghe thy ai gi chng ta trong mt

cn phng rtn


82/141


83/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvoo Th gic

Thnh gic

Xc gic


84/141


ThThnhnhphphnnvvooxxccgigicc Xc gic: kh nng pht hin v hiuc

nhng thng tin cm nhnc t da Cc nghin cu ch ra rng kh nng

cm nh

n b

ng xc gic c

a tr

nh

c th

c pht trin trc kh nng phn

bit vt thbng th gic

Theo bn, mn th thao no (khng) cnxc gic?


85/141


BaBalolo

iiccmmnhnh

nnbbngngxxccgigicc sc p:

mnh nh

nhit: lnh

m

mc au: nhn t


86/141


CCmmnhnhnnbbngngxxccgigiccvviiHCIHCI V.d.: chng ta cm nhnc phm bbm

xung

Cc thit b mi: haptic


87/141

TT tt ii


88/141



((HumanHuman

--Computer InteractionComputer Interaction

))

CC ii


89/141


ConCon ngngii M hnh ha con ngi:

Thnh phn vo/ra

B nh B x l

BB hh ii


90/141


BBnhnhconcon ngngii B nhgic quan (sensory memory)

B nhngn hn (short-term memory)

B nhdi hn (long-term memory)


91/141

BB hh ii


92/141


BBnhnhgigiccquanquan Cc b nhny lin tc b ghi bi

nhng tn hiu mi V.d.: hin tng lunh

V.d.: tai lu thng tin trong mt thi gianngn 2 tai nhnc mt m thanh tihai thiim khc nhau (rt gn nhau) ->

xcnhc m thanhc pht t u

BB hh ii


93/141


BBnhnhconcon ngngii

B nhgic quan B nhngn hn B nhdi hn

nhcinhc lic ch

BB nhnh ngngnn hh nn


94/141


BBnhnhngngnnhhnn Hay cn gi l b nhlm vic V.d. tnh 35x6, chng ta c th nhm

30x6 ri cng vi 5x6 hoc 35x2 ra 70 rily 70x3

V.d. c sch, chng ta phi nhmt sthong tin th mi hiuc quyn sch:

cc t trong cuangc, mt s cutrc, mt s chi tit trc



95/141


BBnhnhngngnnhhnn Con ngi c th nh7 2 mc lin tip:

Bn th nh2419406832 xem cc bn nhc bao nhiu s?

Th cn 764 321 5793 ?



96/141


BBnhnhngngnnhhnn100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0 3 6 9 12 15 18

remember rate

time interval until remember items (in sec)

BB nhnh ddii hh nn


97/141


BBnhnhddiihhnn Dung lng ln hn nhiu so vi b nh

ngn hn Thi gian truy cp lu hn

Nhiu thng tin: thng tin c nhiu thng tin mic hc thng tin mi nhiu cc thng tin c

=> Hc nhiu qun nhiu, hc t qun t???

BB nhnh ddii hh nn


98/141


BBnhnhddiihhnn C hai loi b nhdi hn:

Loi nhtheo tnh tit (episodic)

Loi nhtheo ng ngha (semantic)

BBnhnhddiihhnn

LoLoii nhnh theotheo ttnhnh tititt


99/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheottnhnhtititt B nhloi ny ghi li c c s kin v kinh

nghim theo cu trc chui

Gip chng ta nhli c c s kin xy ratrong qu kh

BBnhnhddiihhnn

LoLoii nhnh theotheo ngng nghnghaa


100/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheongngnghnghaa B nhloi ny ghi li cc khi nim, s

tht v c c k nng chng ta hcc theocu trc lin kt Cc thng tin trong b nhloi ny nhn

c tb nhtheo tnh tit, cho phpchng ta hcc cc khi nim v s tht

mi t kinh nghim

BBnhnhddiihhnn



101/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheongngnghnghaa B nhnyc t chc cho php

chng ta truy cp thng tin, cc mi quanh gia cc thng tin v cho php chng tasuy din

B nhny thngc biu din didng mng li mng li ng ngha

(semantic network)

BBnhnhddiihhnn



102/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheongngnghnghaachuynng

NG VT

CH

CH SN

l

l

l

sa

CH NH

c bn chn

SNOOPY

l mt loi

th

tm vt trng nh

nhn vt hot hnh

BBnhnhddiihhnn



103/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheongngnghnghaa Cho php chng ta suy din: v ch c 4

chn => ch sn c 4 chn

Lu : c nhng lin kt ni sang hnnhng lnh vc khc (v d nh Snoopy ->phim hot hnh)

BBnhnhddiihhnn



104/141


LoLoiinhnhtheotheongngnghnghaa S tn ti ca mng ng ngha ny trong con ngi

chng tac chng minh bi Collins v Quillian

(1969): Mt s ngic hi v cc thuc tnh ca mt s i tng.

Thi gian suy ngh tr lic gh i li. Kt qu l: ngi tasuy nghlu hn khic hi nhng cu hi kiu nh: ch sn

c thkhng so vi cc cu hi kiu nh: ch snc t m vtc khng? L do: con ngi phi tm kim thng qua mng ng ngha, suy

ngc ln tm ra cu tr li

A.M. Collins and M.R. Quillian. Retrieval time from semantic memory.Journal of VerbalLearning and Verbal Behaviour, 8:240-247, 1969.

BB

nhnh

dd

iihh

nn


105/141


Bnhdihn Mt s loi cu trc khc ca b nhcng

ca ra gii thch chng ta lu trkin thc nh th no: Kiu khung

Kiu kch bn

Kiu q u y tc

BBnhnhddiihhnn

KiKiuu khungkhung


106/141


KiKiuukhungkhungCH

Tnh cht c nh: c 4 chn

Ty bin:- kch c-

mu sc

BBnhnhddiihhnn

KiKiuu kkchch bbnn


107/141


KiKiuukkchchbbnn

iu kin:- c hb m- bnh vin th y mca- ngi ch c tin

Kt qu:- ch khim

- ngi ch ngho hn-b c sgiu hn

Kch bn khia chi khm

Cnh:-n phong khm- ngi ch-b c skhm- tr tin

BBnhnhddiihhnn

KiKiuu quyquy ttcc


108/141


KiKiuuquyquyttcc

NU ch vyuiTH li gn

NU ch nhe rng

TH chy


109/141


110/141

BBnhnhddiihhnnGhiGhinhnh


111/141


Baddeley v Longman (1978): Vic ghi

nhhay hc tp s t hiu qu tt hnnu nc dn tr iu theo thi gian

=> Kha hc master ca chng ta: hi vtv

A. D. Baddeley and D. J. A. Longman. The influence of length andfrequency of training sessions on rate of learning to type.Ergonomics. 21:627-635, 1978.

BBnhnhddiihhnnGhiGhinhnh


112/141


Nhcc t m t cci tng d hn cc

t m t cc khi nim: Chui 1: Nh - ca - cy - mo - ch - t

Chui 2: Tui tc - logic - ln h - i m lng qukh - ch ngha

Nhng thng tin c ngha v quen thuc

th d nhhn: c thn thoi H y Lp thkh nhhn thn thoi Vit Nam, chu

BBnhnhddiihhnnQunQun


113/141


Nu qu trnh ghi nhthng tin c tr

gip bng cc cu trc, s quen thuc vtnh c th, lm th no chng ta c thmt thng tin, c th qun ?



114/141


C hai hc thuyt chnh v s qun:

sphn r (decay) : thng tin trong b nhsdn dn b mti (Ebbinghaus ,1885)

s can thip nhiu (interference): Cc thngtin cb mti do c s can thip ca cc

thng tin mi. Cc thng tin c nhiu k h i cngc th can thip li thng tin mi


SScancan thithipp


115/141


pp V.d.: bn c sT ding mi, vic nh

s ding mi s lm bn quni s ding c V.d.: thnh thong bn r nhm vong

nh ngi y u c thay vi thng nnh ngi y u mi



116/141


Cm x c cngnh hngn s qun

cc s kin c nhiu cm x c s t b qunhn c c s kin c t cm xc Cu hit ra: chng ta c thc s qun

hay ch l thng tin kh c th (khng th)truy cpc ? - khng ai chng minh

c tuy nhin c nhng bng chng lthng tin c th khng mti hn

BBnhnhddiihhnnTruyTruyccppthngthng

tintin


117/141


Hai loi truy cp thng tin:

Nhli: cc thng tin c sao chp li tb nh Nhn dng: so snh thng tin vi cc thng tin trong

b nh.

Qu trnh nhn dngn gin hn qu trnh nhliv c thng tin lm gi : v.d. nhra mt mt

ngi k h hn nhn r a n gi; v.d. cu hi lachn d hn c u hi thng thng

ConCon ngngii


118/141


M hnh ha con ngi:

Thnh phn vo/ra B nh

B x l

ConCon ngngii--XXllthngthngtintin


119/141


Suy ngh

Rn luyn k nng

X l li

XXllthngthngtintinsuysuynghngh


120/141


im khc bit gia ngi v loi vt,

gia ngi v my Suy ngh: gii quyt c nhng vn

chng ta cha thy bao gi Suy ngh:

Suy lun (Reasoning)

Gii quyt vn (Problem solving)


suysuylulunn


121/141


Dng cc kin thc c suy ra kt

lun hoc s u y r a mtiu g mi vlnh vcang quan tm Ba loi suy lun:

suy din (deductive)

quy np (inductive)

??? (abductive)


suysuylulunnsuysuydidinn


122/141


a r a k t lun tt yu t mt s gi thit

Nu l chiu th 2 th chng ta c tit HCI

Hm nay l th 2

------------------------------------------------

=> chng ta c tit HCI


suysuylulunnsuysuydidinnCh khi di i


123/141


Chng ta cng c khi suy din sai:

Mt s hc sinh cao hci lm

Mt s ngii l ml sp

---------------------------------------------

=> Mt s hc sinh l sp


suysuylulunnquyquynnppT h h h h


124/141


Tng qut ha t nhng trng hp chng ta

thy suy ra nhng trng hp chng ta chagp V.d.: Mi ngin ng chng ta gpu sv

=> mi ngin ngu sv Tt nhin, suy lun ny c th sai ! Chng minh

l sai th d - ch ra mt v d sai ! Khng th

chng minhng -> tm cng nhiu bng chngcng tt h trcho kin


suysuylulunnabductiveabductiveS l t t th t h h h


125/141


Suy lun t mt thc t ra hnhng hay

trng thi gy ra thc t Nu ng A ung ru th ng A i xe my nhanh

Hm nay ng A i xe my nhanh----------------------------------------------------ng A ung ru

Khngng tin cy! Nhng vnc dng nhiu


126/141

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

nguynnguynllGestaltGestalt Chng ta gii quyt vn bng phng php


127/141


Chng ta gii quyt vnbng phng phpm mm (trial and error)

Th nghim: - cho mt s cc, mt s chick m lm th no ni 2 on dyin li vi nhau ?

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

nguynnguynllGestaltGestalt Kt qu:


128/141


Kt qu:

C nhiu li gii khc nhau Trong c mt li gii: Khi ngi thnghimang dng km ct v dyin

dy lc => Buc km vo dyin - to racon lc c hy sang pha dy kia bt con lc ni 2 dy vi nhau

Nguyn l ny nghe rt hp dn n hngcha cbng chng chng minh

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

nguynnguynllkhngkhnggiangianvvnn Tm im ca vic gii quyt vn chnh l


129/141


Tmim ca vic gii quyt vn chnh lm

t khng gian v

n

(Newell v Simon,

1972). Khng gian vn cha nhng trng thi vn,

gii quyt vn c thc hin thng qua vicsinh ra nhng trng thi vnbng cc ton t(operator) chuyn trng thi

Mt vn c mt trng thi ban u v mttrng thich. Con ngi dng cc ton t in trng thich.

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

nguynnguynllkhngkhnggiangianvvnn Tuy nhin khng gian vn rt ln nn


130/141


Tuy nhin khng gian vn rt ln nn

con ngi dng phng php tm kimheuristics

i C thcnC tin

C vic

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnnNguynNguynllphphpploloiisuysuytrongtronggigiiiquyquyttvvnn

Php loi suy (analogy): qu trnh suy lun


131/141


Php loi suy (analogy): qu trnh suy lun

da trn s ging nhau, s tng t

Trong gii quyt vn, cc lnh vc ccng cc cch gii quyt c ca sangcc vn mi tng t

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

NguynNguynllphphpploloiisuysuytrongtronggigiiiquyquyttvvnn

V d : a cho cc bc s gii quyt mt


132/141


V.d.: a cho cc bc s gii quyt mt

khi u bng chiu tia. Tuy nhin nu chiutia mnh qu ph c cc m lnh. Nuchiu t i ayu qu khngph khi u.

Gii php: chiu cc tia yu t mi pha

vo khi u va khng ph cc m lnh,va hp thnh tia mnhph khi u

GiGiiiquyquyttvvnn

NguynNguynllphphpploloiisuysuytrongtronggigiiiquyquyttvvnn Ch c 10% s bc s a r a g ii php


133/141


Ch c 10% sbc s a r a g ii php

Tuy nhin sau khi cho cc bc s xem tnhhung: nh mt phoi, ngi t a cn c mt s onn. Tuynhin trnngi, c rt nhiumnv r t d n nu c s oni qua. Ngi tanh chia s on thnh cc nhm nh i theonhng ng ng khc nhau.

cn 80% cc bc s a r a g ii php ni trn x l khi u

XXllthngthngtintinrrnnluyluynnkknngnng

Gii quyt vn tp trung vo vic gii


134/141


Gii quyt vn tp trung vo vic gii

quyt nhng vn mi Trn thc t, chng ta rt hay gp li cc

vn c thng qua vic lpi lp li

gii quyt c c vn c -> rn luyn knng -> tng hiu sut cng vic

V.d.: Nun, chi c....

XXllthngthngtintinXXllllii

Trong cuc sng, chng ta khng phi l


135/141


Trong cuc sng, chng ta khng phi l

khng mc s a i lm ! C sai lm nh, c sailm ln Li kh ix dng k nng: khi tnh hung

thayi, chng ta vn s dng k nng => gy ra li. V.d.: K nngi x e tch lm v nh. Hm nay vdn qua siu

th mua - vn dng k nng c -> i qumt siu th

XXllthngthngtintinXXllllii

Li khi hiu s a i v mt vn mt h


136/141


Li khi hiu s a i v mt vn, mt h

thng.Ti sao? Con ngi thng xy dng mt mhnh trong b nhv cc h thng. Cc m

hnh ny thng khngy, thm chkhng nht qun v khngc xem xt k lng => gy ra li

TmTmllhhccvvHCIHCI

Lm sao chng ta c th ng dng nhng


137/141


g g g gth va hc vo vic thit k cc h thngtng tc?

Lu : nhng th chng ta va cpnl ni v con ngi ni chung. Tuy nhinchng ta phi rng mi ngiu

khc nhau => thit k cc h thng phhp vi tng ngi khc nhau

TmTmllhhccvvHCIHCI

V.d.: Mu xanh nc bin khng nn dng


138/141


g g thng bo cc thng tin quan trng nn dng mu

Tuy nhin, khng nn p dng nhng

thng tin ny trc tip vo vic thit k - vchng khngy vn gin Thay vo, chng ta s p dng nhng

nguyn tc v hng dn thit k c suyra t cc hc thuyt t mlhc


139/141

TmTmllhhccvvHCIHCI

BBnhnh S dng kin thc c sn khi c th


140/141


Gip ngi dng s dng nhn dng thay v nhli: Dng menu thay v giao din lnh

Khng nn lm qu ti b nhngn hn (b nhlm vic) ca ngi dng: v.d. khng bt ngi dng nhnhiu q u lu tr

trn b nhmy tnh current settings

Thit k cc giao tip mt cch nht qun: trnh s can thip (nhiu) gia thng tin c v mi


141/141

Slide.tương Tác Người-Máy - Bùi Thế Duy, 141 Trang

Documents

Transcript of Slide.tương Tác Người-Máy - Bùi Thế Duy, 141 Trang