[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2014)-#2 b -five-fiqh-maxims- najasah-(6-september-2014)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 2 b LESSON # 2 b

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

Daily application of FIQHDaily application of FIQH

Five Principles Maxims of FIQHFive Principles Maxims of FIQH

Types of Najasah – its methods of cleansingTypes of Najasah – its methods of cleansing

Updated 6 Sepyember 2014


From word “Qawaa-id “-Arabic (plural) meaning :

“a general rule which applies to all its particulars.”

(Imam As-Suyuti r.a.). Although admittedly there are exceptions and limitations to some of these, yet it does not undermine the general character of these rules – thus its consistency.

HOPE WE CAN BETTER APPRECIATE ISLAMIC HOPE WE CAN BETTER APPRECIATE ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE BY UNDERSTANDING THESE:JURISPRUDENCE BY UNDERSTANDING THESE:

ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH


AN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONAN IMPORTANT QUALIFICATION

Actually, Islamic Law has hundreds of maxims and applying them to

new situations requires sound knowledge, deep insight, and

rigorous training at the hands of experts.

A common mistake in our times is to reduce these maxims to the

five most universal ones, or to the five universal purposes (maqasid)

of Islamic Law, and to then use these limited number of maxims to

derive rulings for new circumstances or, even worse, to invalidate

rulings that have been established by primary texts.

NOTE: A Common MistakeNOTE: A Common Mistake




It is extremely important to understand that legal maxims are

inductively derived from existing rulings that have been explicitly

derived from the primary sources.

This means that if all applicable maxims (not just one or two) are

taken into consideration, then the existing rulings can be extended

to new circumstances.





However, a number of contemporary scholars (including Shaykh

Muhammad Sa`id Ramadan al-Buti r.a.) point out that it is logically

inconsistent to use these inductively derived maxims to invalidate

the very rulings that they have been inductively derived from.

In other words, rulings that have been derived using the primary

sources cannot be "undone" using legal maxims.



““Matters are determined (judged) Matters are determined (judged)

according to the Intention”according to the Intention”


Firstly:

HOPE WE CAN BETTER HOPE WE CAN BETTER APPRECIATE ISLAMIC APPRECIATE ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE BY JURISPRUDENCE BY

UNDERSTANDING THESE:UNDERSTANDING THESE:

FIVE Fundamental General Principles FIVE Fundamental General Principles ** in Islamic Jurisprudence in Islamic Jurisprudence

** There are further elaborations There are further elaborations and branches or derived rulings and branches or derived rulings

from these five from these five – refer USUL FIQH.– refer USUL FIQH.ADDENDUM – USUL FIQH

AL- UMUU – RU – BI – MA – QAA – SWEE-DI-HA

““Certainty cannot be removed Certainty cannot be removed

(overruled) by Doubt”(overruled) by Doubt”



Second:


from these five from these five – refer USUL FIQH.– refer USUL FIQH.




AL- YA – QEE – NUU - LAA – YU – ZAA- LU – BISH - SHAKK

““Difficulty (hardship) must lead Difficulty (hardship) must lead

to Ease (facility)”to Ease (facility)”


Third:







AL- MA – SHAQ – QA – TAJ – LI – BUT – TAI - SIIR

““Harm (Hindrance) is to be Harm (Hindrance) is to be

Removed (eliminated)”Removed (eliminated)”


Fourth:







AD-DWA-RA-RU – YU – ZAA-L

““Custom is (authoritative for) Custom is (authoritative for)

Judgement”Judgement”


Fifth:



from these five –from these five – refer USUL FIQH. refer USUL FIQH.




AL – ‘AA – DA –TUN – MUH – KA-MAH


CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS

” … and sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which

to purify you and remove from you the evil [suggestions]

of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant

firmly thereby your feet.“

(Qur’an: Anfaal: 8: 11)



CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS TOPICON TYPES OF ‘NAJASAH’ - IMPURITIES

NajasahNajasah refers to impure substances that the Muslim must avoid refers to impure substances that the Muslim must avoid

and wash off if they should happen to contaminate his clothes, and wash off if they should happen to contaminate his clothes,

body, etc. As Muslims, knowledge concerning what constitutes body, etc. As Muslims, knowledge concerning what constitutes

NajasahNajasah is therefore important so that we can fulfil the is therefore important so that we can fulfil the

commandment of Allah and His Messenger.commandment of Allah and His Messenger.

Allah says in the Holy Qur’an:Allah says in the Holy Qur’an:


““O you who covers himself [with a garment]. Arise and warn. O you who covers himself [with a garment]. Arise and warn.

And magnify the glory of your Lord. And your clothing purify. And magnify the glory of your Lord. And your clothing purify.

And uncleanliness avoid, and bestow not favour in order to seek And uncleanliness avoid, and bestow not favour in order to seek

from others a greater return, and patiently persevere for your from others a greater return, and patiently persevere for your

Lord's sake.”Lord's sake.”

((Qur’an: Muddathir: 74: 1-7Qur’an: Muddathir: 74: 1-7))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2014))

“ “ Verily, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance Verily, Allah loves those who turn unto Him in repentance

((TAWWAABINTAWWAABIN) and He loves () and He loves (MUTATWA-HI-REENMUTATWA-HI-REEN) those ) those

who keep themselves pure.”who keep themselves pure.”

((Qur’an: Muddathir: 2: 222Qur’an: Muddathir: 2: 222))


TYPES OF IMPURITIES (NAJASAH)


In the Shafi’e school of jurisprudence (In the Shafi’e school of jurisprudence (madzhabmadzhab), dominant here in ), dominant here in

the NUSANTARA, impurities (the NUSANTARA, impurities (najasahnajasah) is categorised into 3:) is categorised into 3:

Najis Mughallazhah Najis Mughallazhah (Heavy impurity)(Heavy impurity)

Najis Mukhaffafah Najis Mukhaffafah (Light impurity)(Light impurity)

Najis Mutawassithah Najis Mutawassithah (Medium impurity) (Medium impurity)

Which is subdivided into “Which is subdivided into “ainiyahainiyah” (impurities which can be seen) ” (impurities which can be seen)

and “and “hukmiyyahhukmiyyah” (impurities that leave no visible traces)” (impurities that leave no visible traces)

(A) NAJIS MUGHALLAZHAH (HEAVY IMPURITIES)


In the Shafi’e madzhab, dogs and pigs are impurities which require

cleansing in the manner prescribed by the Messenger s.a.a.w .,

commonly termed in Malay as sertu (samak) :



In the Shafi’e madzhab, dogs and pigs are impurities which require

cleansing in the manner prescribed by the Messenger s.a.a.w .,

commonly termed in Malay as sertu (samak) :

“Cleanse one of your containers if a dog licks it, by

washing it seven times; the beginning of washing

being with soil (earth).”

(Hadith reported by Muslim)


Imam Malik and Dawud r.a. said : “The dog is clean (pure: TwAHIR).

Small quantity of water licked by the dog is not regarded as unclean

or impure (NAJIS), whereas the religious obligation to wash that

vessels (as in the Hadith as commanded by the Prophet s.a.w.) is to

be performed out of obedience: TA-’ABBUDA (i.e. not because it is to

be regarded as impurity – NAJIS).

(Kitab : Fathul Mu’in – Sheikh Zainuddin al-Malibariy)



The commandment to wash, thus indicate it to be najis. With

regards to pig, it is included in the same category as dog by ways of

Qiyas (analogy) since the Qur’an indicated it as impure or

loathsome (Rijis):

“… (the flesh of swine) for that, behold, is loathsome or a sinful ..”

(Q: Al An’am: 6: 145)



This view, i.e. sertu for impurities left from pigs, is held by

most of the traditional Shafi’e scholars, but there are others whose

views on this matter differs because of the following reasons:

- it was a matter determined by qiyyas (analogous deduction),

but without a clear argument as its similarity (the effective cause

common to pig and dog i.e. the ‘illah), therefore speculative or

Dzann. Although it is still considered as loathsome and impure

(Najis) and requirement for cleansing is still obligatory.

HOW TO CLEAN ?



This view, i.e. sertu for impurities left from pigs, is held by

most of the traditional Shafi’e scholars, but there are others whose

views on this matter differs because of the following reasons:

Some other scholars opined, the verses in surah Al An ’am: 145,

concerns itself with food forbidden for consumption, therefore

such method of cleansing of the traces of them is precautionary,

but not limited to only one method , so long as one is convinced

that no traces of them remained.

HOW TO CLEAN ?

(B) NAJIS MUKHAFFAFAH (LIGHT IMPURITIES)


Slight amount of vomit (commonly understood as a small Slight amount of vomit (commonly understood as a small

amount of liquid) is excused, and the urine of an unwean (still amount of liquid) is excused, and the urine of an unwean (still

breastfeeding or have not taken any other food) male baby are breastfeeding or have not taken any other food) male baby are

regarded as Najis Mukhaffafah (light impurities) regarded as Najis Mukhaffafah (light impurities)

The manner of cleansing is by merely sprinkling water over it. The manner of cleansing is by merely sprinkling water over it.

(female baby’s urine is to be washed.)(female baby’s urine is to be washed.)

HOW TO CLEAN ?



““Ali r.a. narrated that the Messenger of Allah s.a.w. said, Ali r.a. narrated that the Messenger of Allah s.a.w. said,

“The urine of a baby boy should have water sprinkled upon it. “The urine of a baby boy should have water sprinkled upon it.

The urine of baby girl is to be washed off.”The urine of baby girl is to be washed off.”

((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud & TirmidziHadith reported by Abu Dawud & Tirmidzi))



““From Umm Qais r.a., she came to the Messenger of Allah From Umm Qais r.a., she came to the Messenger of Allah

with her unweaned son. After a while, the baby urinated on with her unweaned son. After a while, the baby urinated on

the Prophet’s lap. The Prophet s.a.a.w. called for some water the Prophet’s lap. The Prophet s.a.a.w. called for some water

which was then sprinkled over his clothes, and did not give which was then sprinkled over his clothes, and did not give

them a complete washing.” them a complete washing.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhari & MuslimHadith reported by Bukhari & Muslim))

(C) NAJIS MUTAWASSITHAH (MEDIUM IMPURITIES)


These are impurities categorised between the 2 stated above. They These are impurities categorised between the 2 stated above. They

are subdivided into: are subdivided into:

“ “ainiyahainiyah” (impurities which can be seen) ” (impurities which can be seen)

“ “hukmiyyahhukmiyyah” (impurities that leave no visible traces) ” (impurities that leave no visible traces)


This refers to animals which die from “natural causes” i.e. without

the proper Islamic way of slaughtering. It also includes anything

that is cut off of a live animal.

“What is cut off of a living animal is considered

carrion (animal that has not been properly slaughtered.)”

(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud & Tirmidzi)

1. (CARRION) DEAD ANIMAL



DEAD ANIMALS OF THE SEA AND DEAD LOCUSTS

“Two types of dead animals and two types of blood have been

made lawful for us. The types of dead animals are seafood and

locusts. The two type of blood are the (blood of the) liver and

spleen.”

(Hadith reported by Ahmad, as-Shafi’e, Baihaqy & Daraqutni)



EXCEPTIONS TO THE ABOVE ARE:


DEAD ANIMALS THAT HAVE NO FLOWING BLOOD (i.e. insects etc.)

If they fell into some substance and died, the substance will

not become impure. Only if it changes the state of the water,

then will the water be considered as impure





THE BONES, HORNS, CLAWS, FUR, FEATHERS, SKIN (AFTER

TANNING),ETC. OF DEAD ANIMALS (OTHER THAT PIGS & DOGS)

All these are considered pure, except for the by-products of

pigs & dogs which in the Shafi’e madzhab is still considered as

impure.





“The client of Maimunah was given a sheep as charity, and it died.

The Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. passed by it and said, “Why do you

not remove the skin, treat it and put it to use?” She said, “it is dead

(i.e. it has not been slaughtered properly). He said to her, “Only

eating it is forbidden.”

(Hadith reported by all except Ibn Majah)





Az-Zuhri (a Tabi’in), has been reported by Bukhary, said, “I

have met some scholars of the preceding generations who used

such objects for combs and pots to put oil, and they did not see

anything wrong in that.”





“And from Ibnu Abbas r.a. (a companion) who quoted the Qur’an

and said: “Say (O Muhammad): “In all that has been revealed to

me, I do not find anything forbidden to eat; if one wants to eat

thereof, unless it be carrion, or blood poured forth, or swine flesh…

(Qur’an: Surah al-An’ am: 6: 145)” ….





“…. Then he said, “What is forbidden is its meat. As for its skin, skin

used for water skins, teeth, bones, fur and wool, they are

permissible.”

(Hadith marfu’ reported by Ibn Mundzir & Ibn Hatim))





2. BLOOD


This includes blood that pours forth from an animal’s body, such This includes blood that pours forth from an animal’s body, such

as blood from a slaughtered animal, or from menstruation, as blood from a slaughtered animal, or from menstruation,

except for what is small amount which is excused.except for what is small amount which is excused.

Ibn Juraij was asked concerning the Qur’anic verse: Ibn Juraij was asked concerning the Qur’anic verse:

((al-An ’am: 145al-An ’am: 145) and said “that this is that blood ) and said “that this is that blood

that flows out. The blood that does not flow out, that flows out. The blood that does not flow out,

but remains in the veins, is permissible.”but remains in the veins, is permissible.”

((Related by Ibn MundzirRelated by Ibn Mundzir) )


2. BLOOD


This includes blood that pours forth from an animal’s body, such This includes blood that pours forth from an animal’s body, such

as blood from a slaughtered animal, or from menstruation, as blood from a slaughtered animal, or from menstruation,

except for what is small amount which is excused.except for what is small amount which is excused.

Also, Al-Hasan said: Also, Al-Hasan said:

““The Muslims always prayed, even while they The Muslims always prayed, even while they

were bleeding.” were bleeding.”

((This was mentioned by BukharyThis was mentioned by Bukhary))


3. PUS


Pus is included in the same category as blood and is considered Pus is included in the same category as blood and is considered

impureimpure


4. URINE & EXCREMENT


From Anas ibn Malik who said: once there came an Arab From Anas ibn Malik who said: once there came an Arab

peasant who then urinated in one corner of the mosque. He peasant who then urinated in one corner of the mosque. He

was scolded by the people but the Messenger s.a.a.w. stopped was scolded by the people but the Messenger s.a.a.w. stopped

them (from scolding him). When the Arab finished urinating, them (from scolding him). When the Arab finished urinating,

the Messenger s.a.a.w. called for a vessel of water, which he the Messenger s.a.a.w. called for a vessel of water, which he

poured it over the place (thereby cleansing it).poured it over the place (thereby cleansing it).

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)


4. URINE & EXCREMENT


From Ibn Mas’ud who said: (Once) when the prophet

s.a.a.w. wanted to relieve himself, he requested me to find

3 stones. I managed to find only 2. Then I picked up some

dried dung (excrement of animal) and gave it to him. He

(the prophet s.a.a.w.) took the 2 stones but threw the

dung away, saying, “This is impure.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Ibn Majah & Ibn Khuzaimah)


5. VOMIT


Vomit i.e. food that has been ingested, is regarded as impure. Vomit i.e. food that has been ingested, is regarded as impure.

Slight amount of vomit is excused. Food which is expelled Slight amount of vomit is excused. Food which is expelled

immediately after consumption is not regarded as vomit.immediately after consumption is not regarded as vomit.


6. AL-MADZI (PROSTATIC FLUID)


This is a white/clear sticky fluid that flows from the sexual organs This is a white/clear sticky fluid that flows from the sexual organs

when a person becomes sexually excited from thinking about sex when a person becomes sexually excited from thinking about sex

or during foreplay etc. the person is usually not aware of when or during foreplay etc. the person is usually not aware of when

exactly it is secreted. exactly it is secreted.

This applies to both male and female. Scholars agree that it is This applies to both male and female. Scholars agree that it is

impure. If it gets on the body, it is obligatory to wash it off. If on impure. If it gets on the body, it is obligatory to wash it off. If on

clothes, it suffices to sprinkle the area with water, as it is difficult clothes, it suffices to sprinkle the area with water, as it is difficult

for one to be completely protected from this, especially for for one to be completely protected from this, especially for

young, single people. young, single people.




‘‘Ali r.a. said, “I used to excrete Madzi, so I asked a man Ali r.a. said, “I used to excrete Madzi, so I asked a man

to as the Messenger s.a.a.w. about it as I was shy to do to as the Messenger s.a.a.w. about it as I was shy to do

so because of my position with respect to his daughter so because of my position with respect to his daughter

(‘Ali was the prophet’s son-in-law). He (the prophet) (‘Ali was the prophet’s son-in-law). He (the prophet)

said, “Make ablution and wash your penis.” said, “Make ablution and wash your penis.”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary and othersHadith reported by Bukhary and others) )




Sahl ibn Hanif said, I used to suffer from excessive Sahl ibn Hanif said, I used to suffer from excessive

amounts of madzi, and I used to take a lot of baths amounts of madzi, and I used to take a lot of baths

(ghusl’) because of it. So I mentioned this to the (ghusl’) because of it. So I mentioned this to the

Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. and he said, “It is sufficient Messenger of Allah s.a.a.w. and he said, “It is sufficient

to take a handful of water and sprinkle it over your to take a handful of water and sprinkle it over your

clothes wherever the fluid appears.”clothes wherever the fluid appears.”

((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah & TirmidziHadith reported by Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah & Tirmidzi))


7. AL-WADI (WHITE MURKY DISCHARGE)


WadiWadi is a thick whitish secretion discharged by some people is a thick whitish secretion discharged by some people

after urination. It is considered impure.after urination. It is considered impure.

‘‘A’ishah r.a. (the wife of the Messenger s.a.a.w.) said, A’ishah r.a. (the wife of the Messenger s.a.a.w.) said,

“Wadi comes out after urination. The person should “Wadi comes out after urination. The person should

wash the private parts and perform wudhu’ (ablution). wash the private parts and perform wudhu’ (ablution).

It is not necessary to perform ghusl’ (bath).” It is not necessary to perform ghusl’ (bath).”

((This is related by Ibn al-MundzirThis is related by Ibn al-Mundzir))


8. AL-MANI (SPERM)


Some scholars say that sperm (Some scholars say that sperm (manimani) is impure, but apparently it ) is impure, but apparently it

is pure, and it is recommended for us to wash it off if it is still is pure, and it is recommended for us to wash it off if it is still

wet, and to scratch it off if it is dry.wet, and to scratch it off if it is dry.

Ibn Abbas r.a. said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah Ibn Abbas r.a. said: “I asked the Messenger of Allah

s.a.a.w. concerning sperm on clothes. He said: “it is the s.a.a.w. concerning sperm on clothes. He said: “it is the

same as mucus and spittle. It is sufficient to rub the same as mucus and spittle. It is sufficient to rub the

area with rag or cloth.” area with rag or cloth.”

((Hadith reported by Daraquthni, Baihaqy & at-TahawiHadith reported by Daraquthni, Baihaqy & at-Tahawi))


9. WINE & INTOXICANT


According to most scholars, “According to most scholars, “Khamr”Khamr” (intoxicant) is impure (intoxicant) is impure

because Allah said in the Qur’an:because Allah said in the Qur’an:

““O YOU who have attained to faith! Intoxicants, and games of O YOU who have attained to faith! Intoxicants, and games of chance, and idolatrous practices, and the divining of the future chance, and idolatrous practices, and the divining of the future are but (are but (RIJSUNRIJSUN) a loathsome evil of Satan's doing:' shun it, then, ) a loathsome evil of Satan's doing:' shun it, then, so that you might attain to a happy state!”so that you might attain to a happy state!”

((Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 90Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 90))




The term “The term “rijisrijis” or “” or “rijsunrijsun” which means ” which means loathsome, filthy or loathsome, filthy or

abominationabomination, as stated above, requires us to shun away from it., as stated above, requires us to shun away from it.

Thus the Shafi’e school’s view concerning it is that it is impure Thus the Shafi’e school’s view concerning it is that it is impure

and cleansing oneself from it is obligatory. Whatever may be the and cleansing oneself from it is obligatory. Whatever may be the

different views held by other schools, Shafi’e school chose a different views held by other schools, Shafi’e school chose a

cautious approach in this matter.cautious approach in this matter.




Generally the term “Generally the term “khamrkhamr” (derived from the verb “” (derived from the verb “khamarakhamara”, “”, “he he

concealed” or “obscuredconcealed” or “obscured”) denotes every substance the use of ”) denotes every substance the use of

which obscured the intellect i.e. intoxicates. which obscured the intellect i.e. intoxicates.

The context of this verse referred to intoxicating drinks / beverages The context of this verse referred to intoxicating drinks / beverages

produced from pressed grapes during the time of the Prophet produced from pressed grapes during the time of the Prophet

s.a.a.w. s.a.a.w.

Today, there are some who may have erroneously translated it as Today, there are some who may have erroneously translated it as

though to be synonymous with the term “alcohol”. though to be synonymous with the term “alcohol”.

The term “ALCOHOL”




No doubt, it has been discovered that “alcohol” (or its kind) can also No doubt, it has been discovered that “alcohol” (or its kind) can also

be derived from processes other than the production of wine or be derived from processes other than the production of wine or

intoxicating beverages, such as by-products of petro-chemical intoxicating beverages, such as by-products of petro-chemical

distillation e.g. industrial spirit, ethanol, etc. or even fermentation distillation e.g. industrial spirit, ethanol, etc. or even fermentation

of yeast etc. Thus to agree that “of yeast etc. Thus to agree that “khamrkhamr” is impure and prohibited ” is impure and prohibited

does not necessarily imply that all “alcohol” (not derived from does not necessarily imply that all “alcohol” (not derived from

““khamrkhamr”) is also impure. Thus spirits and alcohol used in sterilising ”) is also impure. Thus spirits and alcohol used in sterilising

medical instruments etc. is regarded as pure.medical instruments etc. is regarded as pure.





Other views

•Some other scholars take the meaning of “rijis” (as applied to

intoxicant), as impure only in its abstract sense but it is not impure in a

definite sensory way, just like when the Qur’an says that idols are

“impure”.

•In the book “Subulus-salaam” it says, “Their origin is pure, and their

being prohibited does not mean that the object itself is impure.





Other views

•For example, “hashish” is prohibited but it is pure.”

•The rule that something is impure is prohibited, but it cannot be said

that whatever is prohibited is therefore impure e.g. man is prohibited

from wearing silk and gold, but they are considered to be pure by Ijma’

(consensus of the scholars).


Thus, Thus, najis mutawassithahnajis mutawassithah (medium category of impurities) are (medium category of impurities) are

to be cleansed from our bodies and clothes. If they can be seen to be cleansed from our bodies and clothes. If they can be seen

(i.e. there are traces of them) – (i.e. there are traces of them) –

The method of cleansing is by washing to remove the smell, The method of cleansing is by washing to remove the smell,

colour or texture. colour or texture.

If after washing, one of these still remain, e.g. stain (colour) If after washing, one of these still remain, e.g. stain (colour)

which is left behind, could not be removed (as in the case of which is left behind, could not be removed (as in the case of

blood), this is excused.blood), this is excused.


Sometimes, impurities do not leave any visible or traceable

evident after some time, as for example, urine.

But knowledge (certainty) that it is there requires us to

cleanse it

This is by just pouring water over it.


Asma’ bint Abu Bakr r.a. related a woman came to the

Prophet s.a.a.w. and said, “Our clothes are contaminated

with menstrual blood. What should we do about this?”

He said, “Scrape it, rub it with water, pour water over it

and then pray in it.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)


Prophet s.a.a.w. and said : “Sufficient for purifying the ground Sufficient for purifying the ground

by pouring water over it”by pouring water over it”

as reported under the topic on “urine” by a Bedouin in the mosque as reported under the topic on “urine” by a Bedouin in the mosque

((Hadith from Bukhary & MuslimHadith from Bukhary & Muslim))


Mirrors, knives, swords, nails, bones, glass, painted pots and Mirrors, knives, swords, nails, bones, glass, painted pots and

other smooth surfaces that have no pores ar purified by other smooth surfaces that have no pores ar purified by

simply wiping them and removing any impure remains.simply wiping them and removing any impure remains.

The Companions of the Prophet s.a.a.w. used to pray while The Companions of the Prophet s.a.a.w. used to pray while

wearing their swords, although smeared with blood, they wearing their swords, although smeared with blood, they

used to just wipe them.used to just wipe them.


When a person comes to the mosque, he should look at

his shoes. If he finds any filth on them, he should wipe

them against the ground and pray in them.

(Hadith reported by Ahmad & Abu Dawud)


“If one of you stepped in some filth, the dirt

(earth) will purify them.”

(Hadith reported by Abu Dawud)

““If the animal skin is tanned, it is purified.”If the animal skin is tanned, it is purified.”

((Hadith related by Bukhary & MuslimHadith related by Bukhary & Muslim))


(This is for other than pigs & dogs, which in Shaf-ie’s madzhab

is still regarded as still impure, even after tanning)


““And there is no blame upon you for that in which you And there is no blame upon you for that in which you

have erred but [only for] what your hearts intended. have erred but [only for] what your hearts intended.

And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.”And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.”

((Qur’an: Surah Al-Ahzab: 33: 5Qur’an: Surah Al-Ahzab: 33: 5))

TO BE CONTINUED – INSHAA ALLAH

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[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-(2014)-#2 b -five-fiqh-maxims- najasah-(6-september-2014)

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