[Slideshare] fiqh-course(sept-2012-batch)-#4a-historyof madzahib-(6-oct-2012)

““INTRODUCTION TO THE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF STUDY OF FIQH FIQH ””

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2012))

LESSON # 4a – LESSON # 4a –

PRESERVATION OF PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY SOURCES AND BRIEF PRIMARY SOURCES AND BRIEF

HISTORY OF MADZAAHIB HISTORY OF MADZAAHIB And say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

PROPHET MUHAMMAD AS THE SOURCE FOR GUIDANCEPROPHET MUHAMMAD AS THE SOURCE FOR GUIDANCE



“ “ Verily, in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example Verily, in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example

for everyone who looks forward (with hope and awe) to for everyone who looks forward (with hope and awe) to

Allah and the Last day, and who engages in the Allah and the Last day, and who engages in the

remembrance of Allah unceasingly.” remembrance of Allah unceasingly.”

((Qur’an : Al-Ahzab : 33 : 21Qur’an : Al-Ahzab : 33 : 21))



“……and neither does he speak out of his own desire :

that (which he conveys to you) is but (a divine)

inspiration with which he is being inspired - something

that a very mighty one has imparted to him……”

(Qur’an : An-Najm : 53 : 3-4)



“Hence, accept (willingly) whatever the Messenger gives Hence, accept (willingly) whatever the Messenger gives

you (thereof), and refrain from (demanding) anything you (thereof), and refrain from (demanding) anything

that he withholds from you; and remain conscious of that he withholds from you; and remain conscious of

Allah : for verily, Allah is severe in retribution.” Allah : for verily, Allah is severe in retribution.”

((Qur’an : Al-Hashr : 59 : 7Qur’an : Al-Hashr : 59 : 7))



“ “For We have never sent any Messenger except For We have never sent any Messenger except

that he should be heeded (obeyed) by Allah’s leave”. that he should be heeded (obeyed) by Allah’s leave”.

((Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 64Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 64))



““But nay. By thy Sustainer! They do not [really] believe But nay. By thy Sustainer! They do not [really] believe

unless they make thee [O Prophet] the judge of all on which unless they make thee [O Prophet] the judge of all on which

they disagree among themselves, and then find in their hearts they disagree among themselves, and then find in their hearts

no resistance against thy decision, but accept it in full no resistance against thy decision, but accept it in full

submission.” submission.”

((Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 65Qur’an : An-Nisa : 4 : 65))



““The answer of the Believers when summoned to Allah The answer of the Believers when summoned to Allah

and His Messenger in order that He may judge between and His Messenger in order that He may judge between

them, is no other than this: they say "We hear and we them, is no other than this: they say "We hear and we

obey": it is such as these that will attain felicity.”obey": it is such as these that will attain felicity.”

((Qur’an : An-Nur : 24 :51 Qur’an : An-Nur : 24 :51 ))



“ “ Now whenever Allah and His Messenger have decided a Now whenever Allah and His Messenger have decided a

matter, it is not for a believing man or a believing woman matter, it is not for a believing man or a believing woman

to claim freedom of choice insofar as they themselves are to claim freedom of choice insofar as they themselves are

concerned; for he who (thus) rebels against Allah and His concerned; for he who (thus) rebels against Allah and His

Messenger has already, most obviously, gone astray.” Messenger has already, most obviously, gone astray.”

((Qur’an : Al-Ahzab : 33 :36 Qur’an : Al-Ahzab : 33 :36 ))



““He (Allah) it is who has sent unto the unlettered people a He (Allah) it is who has sent unto the unlettered people a

Messenger from among themselves, to convey unto them Messenger from among themselves, to convey unto them

His messages, and to cause them to grow in purity, and to His messages, and to cause them to grow in purity, and to

impart unto them the divine Writ as well as Wisdom - impart unto them the divine Writ as well as Wisdom -

whereas before that they were indeed, most obviously, lost whereas before that they were indeed, most obviously, lost

in error …. ”in error …. ”

((Qur’an : Al-Jumu’ah : 62 :2Qur’an : Al-Jumu’ah : 62 :2))



“…“…. and (to cause the message to spread) from them . and (to cause the message to spread) from them

unto other people as soon as they come into contact unto other people as soon as they come into contact

with them : for He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly wise ! with them : for He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly wise !

””

((Qur’an : Al-Jumu’ah : 62 :3Qur’an : Al-Jumu’ah : 62 :3))



““O You who believe ! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, O You who believe ! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger,

and those charged with authority from among you. If you and those charged with authority from among you. If you

differ in anything among yourselves, refer it back to Allah differ in anything among yourselves, refer it back to Allah

and to His Messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the and to His Messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the

Last day : That is best and most suitable for final Last day : That is best and most suitable for final

determination.”determination.”

((Qur’an : An-Nisa’ : 4 :59Qur’an : An-Nisa’ : 4 :59))


““And I leave behind me for you all, for clarifying in your And I leave behind me for you all, for clarifying in your

affairs (of this religion), whosoever holdfast to them shall affairs (of this religion), whosoever holdfast to them shall

never be led astray – (these are) the never be led astray – (these are) the Book of Allah Book of Allah and and

the the SunnahSunnah (Way or tradition) of His Messenger.” (Way or tradition) of His Messenger.”

((From Sermon reported by Ibnu Hisham in his “Seerah”From Sermon reported by Ibnu Hisham in his “Seerah”))


““Verily, I am leaving behind me for you all, whosoever clings Verily, I am leaving behind me for you all, whosoever clings

to them shall never be astray after this till the hereafter :-to them shall never be astray after this till the hereafter :-

the Book of Allah - the rope stretched from heaven to the the Book of Allah - the rope stretched from heaven to the

earth; and my ‘earth; and my ‘itrahitrah’ [progeny] from my Household – These ’ [progeny] from my Household – These

two will never be separated from each other until they return two will never be separated from each other until they return

upon the Pool (in Paradise). upon the Pool (in Paradise).

See that you do not differ from (the guidance of) these two See that you do not differ from (the guidance of) these two

after me.”after me.”

((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi))


““We (Allah) have, without doubt, send down the We (Allah) have, without doubt, send down the

Message (Al-Qur’an) And We will assuredly guard it Message (Al-Qur’an) And We will assuredly guard it

(from corruption)”(from corruption)”

((Qur’an: Surah al- Hijr: 15: 9Qur’an: Surah al- Hijr: 15: 9))


Prophetic Era

13 BH – 10 AH

Revelation to Prophet Muhammad

* memorised* Dictated* Recorded* Collated* Counter-

checked


1st Mushaf

12 AH

Battle of Yamamah

* original materials which have been recorded by the Prophet’s scribe were sorted out, checked and bound

into a single Book.


Mushaf Uthmani

30 AH

Expansion of Islam• Uthman’s recension - 7

official copies made from the 1st Mushaf – these sent to all Islamic centres accompanied by a Reciter (muqri’)

• (extant copies of these are available even to this day)


Diacritical marking

65 AH

(Science)(Science) Ilmu-Ilmu-Qira’atil Qur’an Qira’atil Qur’an

* * inclusion of markings to the script conforming with Prophet’s recitation, and to facilitate non-Arab learning recitation


Compare with verses in the present Mushaf Text


MUSHAF FUAD

1342 AH

From Mushaf Uthmani, text compiled at AL-AZHAR with one of the original manner of Recitation which has been famously preserved - from HAFASH.HAFASH.


SCHOOLS OF RECITATION (QIRA’AT) STILL BEING SCHOOLS OF RECITATION (QIRA’AT) STILL BEING PRESERVED AND TAUGHT – THE QIRA’AT OF :PRESERVED AND TAUGHT – THE QIRA’AT OF :

Imam Nafe’ Madani (teacher of Qaalun – Warash) Imam Nafe’ Madani (teacher of Qaalun – Warash) Imam Ibn Kathir MakkiImam Ibn Kathir Makki Imam Abu ‘Umar BasriImam Abu ‘Umar Basri Imam Ibn ‘Amir ShamiImam Ibn ‘Amir Shami Imam ‘Asim Kufi (teacher of Hafs) Imam ‘Asim Kufi (teacher of Hafs) Imam Hamza Ziyat KufiImam Hamza Ziyat Kufi Imam Abul Hassan Kasa-iImam Abul Hassan Kasa-i Imam Abu Jafar Gazid Al-MadaniImam Abu Jafar Gazid Al-Madani Imam Abu GaqarbImam Abu Gaqarb Imam Khalaf Imam Khalaf

THE MOST WIDESPREAD


HafashHafash

‘‘Asim ibn Abin NujudAsim ibn Abin Nujud

Abi Abdur Rahman Abd ibn Habib as-SulaimiAbi Abdur Rahman Abd ibn Habib as-Sulaimi

‘Ali Abi Talib Uthman ‘Affan Zaid Tsabit Ubay Ka’abAli Abi Talib Uthman ‘Affan Zaid Tsabit Ubay Ka’ab

Holy Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w.Holy Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w.


MUSHAF MUSHAF MADINAHMADINAH

1403 AH1403 AH (1980)(1980)

Commissioned by Commissioned by Saudi King, text Saudi King, text using theusing the Rasm’ Rasm’ Uthmani - Uthmani - following following strictly the spelling, strictly the spelling, letter for letter, letter for letter, identical to Mushaf identical to Mushaf Uthmani.Uthmani.


“ “And upon thee (too) have We bestowed from on And upon thee (too) have We bestowed from on

high this reminder, high this reminder, so that thou (Muhammad) might so that thou (Muhammad) might

make clear unto mankind all that has ever been thus make clear unto mankind all that has ever been thus

bestowed upon thembestowed upon them, and that they might take , and that they might take

thought.thought.

((Qur’an : An-Nahl : 16: 44Qur’an : An-Nahl : 16: 44))


43

((Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 2 : 43Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 2 : 43))

But the Qur’an does not provide the detail, thus the Prophet (pbuh) said :But the Qur’an does not provide the detail, thus the Prophet (pbuh) said :


44

“ “ .....and be constant in ‘as-Solah’ .....and be constant in ‘as-Solah’ (that is the fixed obligatory daily prayer)…”(that is the fixed obligatory daily prayer)…”

((Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 2 : 43Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 2 : 43))

But the Qur’an does not provide the detail, thus the Prophet (pbuh) said :But the Qur’an does not provide the detail, thus the Prophet (pbuh) said :

““Establish ‘as-Solah’ as you see me do”Establish ‘as-Solah’ as you see me do”

((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))


45

……(it means)(it means) : :

““the the wayway ... or ... the ... or ... the lawlaw “ “ It is usually used to indicate the practice or the teachings It is usually used to indicate the practice or the teachings of our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and are divided into :of our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and are divided into :

Qau-liyyah Qau-liyyah (sayings) (sayings) TaqririyyahTaqririyyah (consent) (consent)

Fi’liyyahFi’liyyah (actions) (actions) HammiyyahHammiyyah (resolve) (resolve)


46

……(it means)(it means) : :

““the way ... or ... the law “the way ... or ... the law “ HADITH REGARDING ‘HADITH REGARDING ‘SUNNAH QAULIYYAHSUNNAH QAULIYYAH’ ’

IS GENERALLY DIVIDED INTO TYPESIS GENERALLY DIVIDED INTO TYPES

HADITH QUDSI HADITH NABAWWIY HADITH QUDSI HADITH NABAWWIY

Direct statement of the ProphetDirect statement of the ProphetThe Prophet saying but he The Prophet saying but he indicates the quote to be God’s indicates the quote to be God’s words which are other than words which are other than those in Qur’anthose in Qur’an


48

Prophet (pbuh) taught by :Prophet (pbuh) taught by :

(1)(1) Verbal teachingVerbal teaching

(2)(2) Written medium Written medium

(dictation to scribes)(dictation to scribes)

(3)(3) Practical demonstrationPractical demonstration


49

……(Plural is “(Plural is “AHADITHAHADITH” - it means)” - it means) : :

““the the newsnews , the , the reportreport ..or .. ..or .. narrationnarration““

It is usually used to refer to the report or sayings, transmitted It is usually used to refer to the report or sayings, transmitted through a chain of people, and originated from or up to the through a chain of people, and originated from or up to the

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).

Thus a “Thus a “HadithHadith” contains the “” contains the “SunnahSunnah””


50

“ “An Ansarite complained to the Prophet (pbuh) An Ansarite complained to the Prophet (pbuh)

that he had weak memory and that he easily that he had weak memory and that he easily

forgot the Prophet’s instructive discourses. forgot the Prophet’s instructive discourses.

The Prophet (pbuh) replied :The Prophet (pbuh) replied :

““Take the aid of thy right hand (i.e. write it down).”Take the aid of thy right hand (i.e. write it down).”

((Hadith reported by at-TirmidziHadith reported by at-Tirmidzi))


51

Abdallah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-’As, a young Meccan had a habit of Abdallah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-’As, a young Meccan had a habit of

writings down all that the Prophet used to say. Abdallah went writings down all that the Prophet used to say. Abdallah went

to the Prophet and asked him if one could note all that he said. to the Prophet and asked him if one could note all that he said.

He replied :”Yes”. He replied :”Yes”.

Abdallah persisted :”Even when thou art happy and satisfied, Abdallah persisted :”Even when thou art happy and satisfied,

even when thou art annoyed ?” even when thou art annoyed ?”

The Prophet said : “Of course, by Allah ! Nothing that comes out The Prophet said : “Of course, by Allah ! Nothing that comes out

of this mouth is ever a lie.” of this mouth is ever a lie.”

((Hadith reported by at-TirmidziHadith reported by at-Tirmidzi))


52

Yes, there is a report (Hadith) in which in contain Yes, there is a report (Hadith) in which in contain

words in which the Prophet s.a.w. “forbade” the words in which the Prophet s.a.w. “forbade” the

writing of anything which he had uttered except the writing of anything which he had uttered except the

Qur’an.Qur’an.


53

Islamic scholars all understood this Hadith to refer to a Islamic scholars all understood this Hadith to refer to a

specific contexts – instructions to scribes to whom the specific contexts – instructions to scribes to whom the

Prophet was dictating the revelations to; as also when Prophet was dictating the revelations to; as also when

to new converts in their learning , he emphasized firstly to new converts in their learning , he emphasized firstly

the Qur’an, but they were eager to take notes of the Qur’an, but they were eager to take notes of

everything, which if not corrected, the possibility of everything, which if not corrected, the possibility of

them confusing the Qur’an with the Prophets’ words on them confusing the Qur’an with the Prophets’ words on

their notations.their notations.


54

Proof is that this Hadith was narrated from Proof is that this Hadith was narrated from

companions whom were known to have written down companions whom were known to have written down

Hadith in their lifetime. Hadith in their lifetime.

Thus, this instruction may have been given to them in a Thus, this instruction may have been given to them in a

certain context – not an absolute instruction.certain context – not an absolute instruction.


55

Also, there exist evidence of many letters, dictations, Also, there exist evidence of many letters, dictations,

orders, treaties, etc. from the Prophet s.a.w. – which orders, treaties, etc. from the Prophet s.a.w. – which

indicate the permissibility of writing down Hadith.indicate the permissibility of writing down Hadith.

Thus those who says the Hadith was never written Thus those who says the Hadith was never written

during the time of the Prophet s.a.w. is not correct.during the time of the Prophet s.a.w. is not correct.


56

(1)(1) Sama’Sama’ - reading by teacher - reading by teacher

(2) ‘(2) ‘Ardl Ardl - reading to teacher - reading to teacher

(3)(3) Ijazah Ijazah - confer permission- confer permission

(4)(4) MunawalahMunawalah - conferring the materials to be copied - conferring the materials to be copied

(5) (5) MukatabahMukatabah – writing , correspondence – writing , correspondence

(6)(6) I’lam I’lam - conferring authority- conferring authority

(7) (7) WasiyahWasiyah - bequeathing books - bequeathing books

(8)(8) **WijadahWijadah - writings which are found - writings which are found * Not authorized to use except after verification by the “Rawi” concerned


58

It contains two parts :It contains two parts :

((chainchain of narrators of the of narrators of the report)report)

(the (the contentcontent of the teaching from of the teaching from the Prophet [pbuh]) the Prophet [pbuh])

ISNADISNAD

MAMATNTN


59

Example of HadithExample of Hadith Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary -reported -reported fromfrom MusaMusafromfrom Abu ‘AwanahAbu ‘Awanahfromfrom Abu HussainAbu Hussainfromfrom Abu Hurayrah Abu Hurayrah - who heard- who heard

Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :

ISN

AD

MATN


60

ISN

AD

MATN

Example of HadithExample of Hadith Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary -reported -reported fromfrom MusaMusafromfrom Abu ‘AwanahAbu ‘Awanahfromfrom Abu HussainAbu Hussainfromfrom Abu Hurayrah Abu Hurayrah - who heard- who heard

Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :

““Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me,

let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”


61

According to the number of “According to the number of “IsnadIsnad””

MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR

a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chainsby 4 or more chains of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD))


Al-BukharyMusaAbu ‘AwanahAbu HussainAbu Hurairah

MuslimAli al-HidirAli b MushirMuhammad b QaisAli b Rabi’ahAl-Mughirah

Ad-DarimiMuhammad b EsaHaitsam Abu ZubairJabir

Abu Dawud‘Amr b ‘AunMusaddadWabrah‘AmirAbdullah b ZubairAz-Zubair

Ibn MajahMuhamad b RamhAl-LaitsAbnu ShihabAnas

At-TirmidziAbu HishamAbu Bakr b Ayyasy‘AshimZirrIbnu Mas’ud

Ath-ThayalisiAbdur RahmanAbis-ZinadAmr b Sa’iedUthman

Abu Hanifah‘AthiyahAbi Sa’ied al-Khudri

Ath-ThabraniAbu IshaqIbrahimNubaith b Syarieth

Al-HakimAbul-Fadl b Al-HusainMuhamad b A WahabJa’afar b ‘AunAbu HayyanJazid b HayyanZaid b Arqam

THIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTICTHIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTIC


Al-BukharyMusaAbu ‘AwanahAbu HussainAbu Hurairah

MuslimAli al-HidirAli b MushirMuhammad b QaisAli b Rabi’ahAl-Mughirah

Ad-DarimiMuhammad b EsaHaitsam Abu ZubairJabir

Abu Dawud‘Amr b ‘AunMusaddadWabrah‘AmirAbdullah b ZubairAz-Zubair

Ibn MajahMuhamad b RamhAl-LaitsAbnu ShihabAnas

At-TirmidziAbu HishamAbu Bakr b Ayyasy‘AshimZirrIbnu Mas’ud

Ath-ThayalisiAbdur RahmanAbis-ZinadAmr b Sa’iedUthman

Abu Hanifah‘AthiyahAbi Sa’ied al-Khudri

Ath-ThabraniAbu IshaqIbrahimNubaith b Syarieth

Al-HakimAbul-Fadl b Al-HusainMuhamad b A WahabJa’afar b ‘AunAbu HayyanJazid b HayyanZaid b Arqam

THIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTICTHIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTIC

““Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”


64


MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR

a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chainsby 4 or more chains of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD))

VERY RELIABLEVERY RELIABLE


65


MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR AHADAHAD

a “Sunnah” reported a “Sunnah” reported a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chains by 4 or more chains by 3 or less chainsby 3 or less chains of narrators (ISNAD) of narrators (ISNAD) of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD))

RELIABILITY DEPENDS ON RELIABILITY DEPENDS ON STRENGTH OF CHAINSTRENGTH OF CHAIN VERY RELIABLEVERY RELIABLE


THE RATIONALE:

“THE STRENGTH OF A CHAIN IS AT THE WEAKEST LINK”

“Therefore if only one link (narrator) in a report is weak, the whole report is to be regarded as weak.”


THE RATIONALE:

“AN OBJECT MUST ALSO BE SUPPORTED BY AT LEAST ONE OTHER SEPARATE CHAIN TO BE REGARDED SAVE AND RELIABLE”

“Therefore a report which cannot be independently corroborated is ground for it being regarded as weak or unreliable.”


THE RATIONALE:

“A CHAIN MUST BE CONTINUOUSLY LINKED TO THE SOURCE OF WHICH IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE CONNECTED”

“Therefore a report which has gaps in the links (of narrators) is a reason for its rejection.”


69

Further categorization of “Further categorization of “AHADAHAD” hadith on ” hadith on the basis of number of Chains.the basis of number of Chains.

Mash-hurMash-hur AzizAziz GharibGharib (well-known)(well-known) (strong)(strong) (rare) (rare)

Narrated by wayNarrated by wayof 3 chainsof 3 chains

Narrated by wayNarrated by wayof 2 chainsof 2 chains

Narrated by wayNarrated by wayof a single chainsof a single chains

BASED ON ISNAD USUALLYBASED ON ISNAD USUALLYTHIS CATEGORY IS REJECTEDTHIS CATEGORY IS REJECTED

CAN BE CONSIDEREDCAN BE CONSIDEREDFOR FURTHERFOR FURTHER

CATERGORIZATIONCATERGORIZATION

CAN BE CONSIDEREDCAN BE CONSIDEREDFOR FURTHERFOR FURTHER

CATERGORIZATIONCATERGORIZATION


Al-‘ilm al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dilAl-‘ilm al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil

(The knowledge of invalidating and (The knowledge of invalidating and declaring reliable of Hadith)declaring reliable of Hadith)


71

Checking upon the Checking upon the

“ “ISNADISNAD” (chain of narrators)” (chain of narrators)

Checking upon the Checking upon the

“ “MAMATNTN” (the text)” (the text)

Checking the integrity of Checking the integrity of

the “the “RAWIRAWI” (the narrators)” (the narrators)


72

Detailed account of every narrators (SAHABI, TABI’IN, TABI’-

TABI’IN), compiled and verified.

Their strength and weakness subjected to scrutiny

Grading them according grades of reliability (‘Adl, Tsiqa,

Saduq, Saduq yahim, Maqbul, Layyin)

Even those unreliable were identified (Majhul, Muttaham

bil-kadzib, Kadzaab)


73

Ahadith which are “Ahadith which are “MASH-HURMASH-HUR” or “” or “AZIZAZIZ “ “

MaqbulMaqbul MardudMardud(Accepted)(Accepted) ( Rejected )( Rejected )

ShahihShahih HassanHassan Dho’ifDho’if Maudhu’Maudhu’ Authentic Good Weak FabricationAuthentic Good Weak Fabrication


74

Due to defects of the narrator.

Due to discontinuity in the chain.

Due to incidental reasons.


75

Continuity of the chain

Integrity of the transmitter (narrator)

Soundness of narrator’s memory

Conformity to stronger sources

Absence of hidden defects


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Not contrary to Qur’an & authentic Ahadith

Not illogical, against common law

Not out of proportion

Not containing too much detail on prophecy

Not contrary to the position of the Prophet (pbuh)

Personal praise or condemnation of any Companions, tribes

or places is suspect.


78

As-As-SSaahhiihh - - Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary

Al-Musnad as-Al-Musnad as-SSaahhiihh - Imam Muslim- Imam Muslim

SunanSunan - - Imam Abu Dawud Imam Abu Dawud

Sunan al-Mujtaba Sunan al-Mujtaba -- Imam An-Nasa’i Imam An-Nasa’i

SunanSunan - - Imam At-Tirmidzi Imam At-Tirmidzi

Sunan Sunan -- Imam Ibnu Majah Imam Ibnu Majah

THESE WERE COMPILED AFTER IMAM ASH-SHAFI’IE PERIODTHESE WERE COMPILED AFTER IMAM ASH-SHAFI’IE PERIOD


AND ALLAH KNOWS BEST



TO BE CONTINUED – TO BE CONTINUED –

81

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/

http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/

http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/

http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/

http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/

http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/

http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/

http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/

All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:


[Slideshare] fiqh-course(sept-2012-batch)-#4a-historyof madzahib-(6-oct-2012)

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