Slide3 europe

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EUROPE World Regional Geography

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Transcript of Slide3 europe

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EUROPE

World Regional Geography

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EUROPE IN GENERAL

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Western coastal countries – oceanic temperate

climate (mild winters and warm summers). From Norway to Spain. Winter (-1ºC-4ºC), summer (15-27ºC)

Mediterranean Sea coastland countries – subtropical winter rain climate. Winter (4-10ºC), Summer (21-27ºC)

Central and Eastern Europe – continental temperate climate (winter can be severe cold).

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Impacts on industrialization

The Industrial Revolution pollute major rivers. Thames River of England revived only in the 1990s. Acid pollution along Czech, Poland and East German

(Black Triangle)

Energy sources Coal and oil caused great pollution.

Global Environmental Action Global effort to reduce pollution include Rio Earth Summit

1992 and Kyoto Protocol 1997.

Mediterranean Sea Pollution due to increase population growth crowding

coastal location, industrialization and industrialization.

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THE RISE OF EUROPEAN GLOBAL POWER

Capitalism : free market origins of Mediterranean and western Europe. A practice of individual and corporations owning businesses and keeping profit.

The Era of Colonialism and Imperialism : eg, Portuguese and Spanish discovered and conquered new lands.

Industrial RevolutionMid 1700s From Great Britain Netherlands Belgium Northern

France Western Germany

Nationalism and WarsWorld War 1 in 1914 (war between European powers)

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AFTER 1945

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

The cooperation between noncommunist nations (Western, Northern and Mediterranean) NATO in 1949.

Later established European Economic Community (EEC) now known as European Union (EU).

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SUBREGION I: WESTERN EUROPE

Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

France & U.K : most powerful countries.

Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg : the low countries (below sea level).

Austria, Switzerland & Liechtenstein: Alpine countries.

Germany : younger nation-state, existed 1871. Was divided into West & East Germany.

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTi. Sophisticated manufacturing;

a) Automobile, example: French – Renault, Peugeot-Citroen Italian – Fiat, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Maserati, Lamborghini Swedish – Volvo, Saab German – Volkswagen, Porsche, BMW, Audi, Daimler-

Benz (Merc) British – Rolls Royce, Jaguar, Aston Martin, Bentley, MG

Rover

b) Airplane – Airbus

ii. Service Industries Producer services – market research, advertising,

accounting, legal, banking, insurance.

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SUBREGION II: NORTHERN EUROPE

Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.

(SCANDINAVIAN) Sweden: the largest and strongest.

Denmark : although the smallest but has strong global connections. Most parts are inhibited. Rely mostly on fishing.

Norway: mountainous country. Known for “VIKING” heritage. Discovered oil and gas in the 1970s.

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Four (4) largest Scandinavian countries:

i. Sweden is the most industrialized

ii. Finland is known for new industries like Nokia

iii. Denmark is known for its high tech industries

iv. Norway is known for its oil and gas

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Sweden – the most industrialized in Northern Europe SKF, Ericsson, ABB Automobile VOLVO, SAAB Service sector: financial, educational, medical services Sawmill industry

Finland Nokia Glassware, metal, machinery, shipbuilding

Denmark – major agriculture country dairy & livestock products LEGO toy Fishing (largest in EU) Timber, mining industries

Norway Fishing and shipping

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SUBREGION III: MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

Four large : Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain.

Five small : Andorra, Monaco, Vatican City, San Marino, Malta

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1)Agriculture Olive Grapes Citrus Fruits and figs Grains for pasta Portugal is the world’s largest cork producer

2)Tourism Italy & Spain : 40-50 million tourist per year Portugal & Greece :12-13 million tourist per year. Venice : more tourist than residents

Face problem due to the rising of sea level.

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SUBREGION IV: EAST CENTRAL EUROPE

Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Macedonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro,

Slovakia, Slovenia.

Least developed compared to other subregions. Communism. Breakup of “Yugoslavia” later known as Serbia and

Montenegro. Ethnic tension – war and massive human rights

violations. Ethnic cleansing Genocidal rape

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

After WWII – imposed communist economic policies.

Under Soviet control till 1989

Agriculture

Later industrialised

Joseph Stalin insisted on specialization Northern part focuses on industry Southern part focuses on agriculture

After 1989 adopts capitalist practices (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Baltic countries)

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THE END