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NUMERICAL STUDY OF VARIABLE LENGTH EXHAUST PIPE IN SMALL

ENGINE

SUPERVISOR: DR AKMAL NIZAM BIN MOHAMMED

PREPARED BY: MOHAMAD FARID BIN A RAHMANMATRIX NUMBER: DD100116

DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERINGFACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

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CONTENT

• Introduction• Problem occurred• Why need to study• Main idea• Problem statement• Objective • Scope • Literature review• Methodology• Result & Analysis• Conclusion & Recommendation


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INTRODUCTION

Exhaust pipe (small engine)

Position: Attached at exhaust port of cylinder headComponents:• header/manifold• tube/pipe• muffler

Why important?• it funnels the hot exhaust down into one simple exhaust pipe• prevents the toxic exhaust fumes from sneaking into the vehicle and harming the occupants


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PROBLEM OCCURRED

Back pressure

Has a negative effect on engine efficiency resulting in a decrease of power output that must be compensated by increasing fuel consumption.

Back pressure can be loosely defined as the resistance to positive flow - in this case, the resistance to positive flow of the exhaust stream.


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WHY NEED TO STUDY?

Ideal pressure

Ideal velocity

Exhaust pipe

Performance & efficiency

of engine

Maintain


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MAIN IDEA

Study different shapes and sizes of exhaust pipe

Ideal values

Velocity Pressure

Optimum result


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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Exhaust pipe in small engine

• to determine the size, shape and length

• to determine the pressure and velocity


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OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the pressure and velocity in exhaust pipe in small engine.

2. To compare the parameter value of exhaust pipe that have different size, shape and length.

3. To determine the suitable configuration of the exhaust pipe that involved in the study.


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SCOPE

1. Numerical study by using Ansys Workbench 15.0 (CFX)

2. Engine capacity that less than 150 cc, four stroke-spark ignition. (motorcycle engine)

3. Simulation process in steady state condition.


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LITERATURE REVIEW

Title Author Year published

Findings

CFD Analysis of Exhaust Manifold of Multi-Cylinder SI Engine to Determine Optimal Geometry for Reducing Emissions

K. S Umesh, V. K Pravin and K. Rajagopal

2013 Pressure and velocity contour as a result for best possible design of exhaust manifold

Comparison of predictions obtained on an exhaust manifold analysis using conformal and indirect mapped interface

Swathi Satish, Mani Prithiviraj and Sridhar Hari

2012 Temperature distribution in exhaust manifold using mesh size value.

CFD and Experimental Analysis on Thermal Performance of Exhaust System of a SI Engine

Mesut Durat, Zekeriya Parlak, Murat Kapzis, Adnan Parlak, Ferit Ficici

2013 Optimal location of a catalyst along with the exhaust pipe of any gasoline engine in terms of minimum cold start HC emissions.

Start

Introduction

Literature review

Methodology

Create three models of exhaust pipe using SolidWorks 2011

Analysis for all exhaust pipe using Ansys Workbench 15.0 (CFX)

Collecting data

Result and analysis

Conclusion and recommendation

Finish

No

Yes

FYP 1

FYP 2


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METHODOLOGY


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Computer Software

SolidWorks 2011

• to create a geometry model (exhaust pipe) using some command such as swept and revolve

Ansys Workbench 15.0 (CFX)

• to model flow, turbulence, heat transfer and reactions for industrial application


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TABLE 1: The value of diameter and length of exhaust pipe 1

a-b 150 mm

b-c 300 mm

c-d 200 mm

d-e 100 mm

e-f 300 mm

Pipe diameter 40 mm

Muffler diameter 80 mm

a

b

c

d

e

f


a-b 100 mm

b-c 250 mm

c-d 300 mm

d-e 200 mm

e-f 350 mm

Pipe diameter 50 mm


14 of 29 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

a

b c

d

e

f


a-b 100 mm

b-c 50 mm

c-d 400 mm

d-e 300 mm

Pipe diameter 45 mm



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a

bc

d

e

RESULT & DISCUSSION


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-4.4

2E-0

4

-3.0

0E-0

4

-1.5

8E-0

4

-1.6

4E-0

5

1.25

E-04

2.67

E-04

4.09

E-04

5.51

E-04

6.93

E-04

8.35

E-04

0.00E+00

5.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.50E+03

2.00E+03

2.50E+03

3.00E+03

3.50E+03

Plane X

Pre

ssure

(P

a)

3.53

E-04

2.68

E-04

1.83

E-04

9.83

E-05

1.32

E-05

-7.1

8E-0

5

-1.5

7E-0

4

-2.4

2E-0

4

-3.2

7E-0

4

-4.1

2E-0

41.50E+03

1.55E+03

1.60E+03

1.65E+03

1.70E+03

1.75E+03

1.80E+03

1.85E+03

Plane X

Pre

ssure

(P

a)

1.35

E-04

4.48

E-05

-4.4

9E-0

5

-1.3

5E-0

4

-2.2

4E-0

4

-3.1

4E-0

4

-4.0

4E-0

4

-4.9

3E-0

4

-5.8

3E-0

4

-6.7

3E-0

40.00E+00

5.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.50E+03

2.00E+03

2.50E+03

Plane X

Pre

ssure

(P

a) • the pattern of changing

• Max & min value


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-4.4

2E-0

4

-3.0

0E-0

4

-1.5

8E-0

4

-1.6

4E-0

5

1.25

E-04

2.67

E-04

4.09

E-04

5.51

E-04

6.93

E-04

8.35

E-04

0.00E+001.00E+012.00E+013.00E+014.00E+015.00E+016.00E+017.00E+01

Plane X

Velo

cit

y (

m/s

-1)

-3.2

7E-0

4

-2.5

7E-0

4

-1.8

6E-0

4

-1.1

5E-0

4

-4.5

0E-0

5

2.55

E-05

9.61

E-05

1.67

E-04

2.37

E-04

3.08

E-04

0

20

40

60

80

Plane X

Velo

cit

y (

m/s

-1)

1.35

E-04

4.48

E-05

-4.4

8E-0

5

-1.3

5E-0

4

-2.2

4E-0

4

-3.1

4E-0

4

-4.0

4E-0

4

-4.9

3E-0

4

-5.8

3E-0

4

-6.7

3E-0

40

20

40

60

80

Plane X

Velo

cit

y (

m/s

-1)

• the pattern of changing • Max & min value


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CONCLUSION

1. Exhaust pipe 1 is an optimum design compared to exhaust pipe 2 and 3.

2. Diameter and length of the exhaust pipe can influenced the pressure and velocity of the exhaust gas

3. Engine efficiency can be influenced by diameter and length of exhaust pipe.


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RECOMMENDATION

1. Experimental study using real exhaust pipe model.

2. Conducting study in steady-state and transient condition.

3. Use larger capacity engine such as car engine.


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REFERENCE[1] Dashti, M., Hamidi, A. A., & Mozafari, A. (2013). Engine, 1(1), 8–14.

[2] Dokumaci, E. (2005). Prediction of source characteristics of engine exhaust manifolds. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 280(3-5), 925–943. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.12.052

[3] Galindo, J., Luján, J. M., Serrano, J. R., Dolz, V., & Guilain, S. (2004). Design of an exhaust manifold to improve transient performance of a high-speed turbocharged diesel engine. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 28(8), 863–875. doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2004.01.003

[4] Inoue, Y. (2003). Present and Future Trends of Stainless Steel for Automotive Exhaust System, (88), 62–69.

[5] Park, K. H., Choi, B. L., Lee, K. W., Kim, K., & Earmme, Y. Y. (n.d.). Modeling and Design of Exhaust Manifold Under Thermomechanical Loading, 1–38.

[6] Umesh, K. S., Pravin, V. K., Rajagopal, K., Chancellor, F. V., & Pradesh, A. (2013). CFD ANALYSIS OF EXHAUST MANIFOLD OF MULTI-CYLINDER SI ENGINE TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL GEOMETRY FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS, 3(4), 45–56.

[7] Will, F. (2012). Fuel conservation and emission reduction through novel waste heat recovery for internal combustion engines. Fuel, 102, 247–255. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.044

[8] Wu, Y.-Y., Chen, B.-C., Hsieh, F.-C., & Ke, C.-T. (2009). Heat transfer model for small-scale spark-ignition engines. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(7-8), 1875–1886. doi:10.1016/j.ijheatma


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GANTT CHART

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Penghasilan modelRamalan

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Draf laporan PSM 2Ramalan

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Penyerahan laporan PSM 2Ramalan

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Seminar PSM 2Ramalan

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THANK YOU

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