Slide Headline

Elbit UAV SystemsElbit UAV SystemsCertification and Airworthiness Certification and Airworthiness

of UASof UASMethodology and ExperienceMethodology and Experience

Contents

Design for AW, safety & certificationESL past & present experience

Background for civil certification in IsraelNew legal situation

Civil Methodology of certification in IsraelBaselines of approval granting

Experience: Special Permits for UAS Type

Hermes 450 ®

Skylark I ®

Skylark II ®

WK approval processPast experience with foreign authorities

Design for

Airworthiness, Safety & Certification

ESL past experience

ESL past experience

Standards for Previous Design

The Hermes® Family was developed to comply with

existing manned A/C standards & procedures.

Tailoring of these standards was required for UAV’s.

MIL-STD’s were mainly in use (IAF requirements).

Experience with IAF

Hundreds of airworthiness related documents were prepared :

Safety & Reliability assessment reports.Analysis reports (Loads ,Thermal, Flutter. electrical loads.) Qualification test reports performed at LRU LevelPOD test reports for subsystem.Load test reports for major structural components.Engine endurance test reports .EMI & RFI test reports at LRU and at UAV level .Software versions ATP reports. AV & FLT ATP (tests with the real HW)

Flight test reports :Preliminary report after each flight .Malfunction analysis reports .Test phase reports . Subsystems level test reports (Avionic , Flight control, Electrical power…)Final platform test report .Final system test report .

Airworthiness Process

Requirements Specifications

Development

Analysis +Lab Tests

Integration ATP

SubsystemsTest bed flights

Ground Tests

Safety of FlightReport

Safety ReviewBoard

Flight Tests

Flight TestsPlan

Test OrderTest Readiness

Review

Platform Validatation &Verification tests

Operational Testand Evaluation

IOCTemporary

System A/WCertification

System A/WCertification

Standards for Present Design

The growing interest in UAVs around the world raised the need for UAV defined standards.

Standardization in progress

A new set of design standards was adopted by ESL for present design.

STANAG 4671 are related as the certification basis, with reference to the more formal CS-23, tailored for UAS for medium UAS

Extensive safety analysis and robust design for mini and small UAS

Background for

civil certification in Israel

UAS

Civil Certification Status

Background

The certification methodology of UAS is presently in a transition stage.

The fast development of UAS raises a requirement to operate them in a non-segregated airspaceThe regulatory framework is not yet mature Regulations and procedures are still in development through internationally harmonized efforts.

National approvals are granted for various systems

Status in the World

ICAOUASGG Unmanned Aircraft

Systems Study Group

NATOUSAR STANAG 4671

USAFAA RTCA SC 203ASTM NTSB

EuropeEASA A-NPAEUROCAE WG 73EUROCONTROLEDA

Participation in International Forums

Elbit Systems is an active member in EUROCAE WG-73

Scope: Setting Standards for Certification and Operation of UAV

Established: April 2006

Participation in SG2 subgroup on Airworthiness

Leading “Restricted Type Certificatate” Working Paper

Leading “Launch and Recovery” Working Paper

Member in USA forums

RTCA SC 203

ASTM F38

ESL has Launched a development effort in the area of Sense & Avoid.

Status in Israel

All civil flights in Israel are under the jurisdiction of the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI)

The oversight of the majority of the sky is done by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), except:

A corridor from Tel Aviv to Jordan

A corridor from Tel Aviv to Eilat

Prior to 1/2/2007 all UAS flew under the jurisdiction of the IAF

Since 1/2/2007 the UAS that are not direct IAF interest (mission or development) have to fly under the jurisdiction of CAAI

New Legal Situation in Israel

Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has been appointed by

General Director of the Ministry of Transport

General Director of the Ministry of Defense

The Committee is formed from specialists that have ample UAS and aeronautics background from IAF and Aeronautical Industry

The Committee

Conducts technical surveys

Recommends approvals

The approvals are endorsed by the head of CAAI

The approvals contain operational limitations in order to ensure that the safety level of the ongoing civil operations is not diminished by the UAS presence

Civil Methodology

of certification in Israel

Methodology for

Civil Certification in Israel

UAS Certification Procedure

Civil UAS Certification Committee (CUC2) has issued a procedure for

“Certification and approval of changes for UAS ”

Classification

Procedures for systems with flight experience prior to the nomination of the committee

Experience

Safety Analysis

Procedures for new systems

Classification

Classification by service experienceExperimental configuration – less than 10 flight hours

Maturation configuration - less than 2000 flight hours and 100 successful take-offs and landings

Proven configuration

Classification by weightMini 1-14 kg

Small 15-199 kg

Medium200-1999kg

Heavy above 2000kg

Classification by first flight dateBefore 1/2/2007: Approval based on experience and safety assessment

After 1/2/2007: Approval based on certification basis and safety assessment

Procedure for New Systems

Systematic certification Methodology

Basis of Certification:USAR STANAG 4671

Exemptions

Equivalent Level of Safety Findings

Special Conditions (where required)

List of Required Documents Company Approval

First Flight

Maturation Configuration

Proven Configuration

USAR STANAG 4671

Adoption of USAR STANAG 4671 as Basis of Certification for Medium UAS:

WK

Complies with few exceptions

Compliance with Do 178B and Do 254 as required by USAR 1309 and ACM 1309

Hermes 900 ®

Designed to comply

Gap Analysis for Legacy Software to demonstrate equivalent level of safety to 1309 requirements

Experience

with CAAIESL Experience

with CAAI

Elbit Systems CAAI Approvals

UAS Design Organization

UAS Operation Organization

UAS Pilots

UAS Special Flight Permit for specific UASUAS Special Permit for UAS Type

Special Permit for UAS for Tests Flights and Demonstrations only

Specific UAS Special Flight Permits

TypeWight ClassDate of First FlightType of Approval

Skylark I ®Mini

~5 Kg

Before 1/2/2007Special Permit for UAS Type

Proven configuration

Skylark II ®

Skylark IIA ®

Small

50 Kg- 60 Kg

Before 1/2/2007

Changes after 1/2/2007

Special Permit for UAS Type

Maturation configuration

Hermes 90 ®Small

90 Kg

After 1/2/2007MaturationConfiguration

Hermes 450 ®

Hermes 450J ®

Medium

~ 450 Kg

Before 1/2/2007Special Permit for UAS Type

Proven configuration

WK 450Medium

~ 480 Kg

After 1/2/2007

First flight:

16 April 2008

Flight permit

Maturation configuration

Skylark I ®

Fully autonomous flightGross weight < 5kgWing span - ~2mElectric motorOperational Flight alt - 300-1500ft above groundMax Alt – 15,000 above sea levelAirspeed - 24-50 Kts.Endurance – up to 90minOperational Communication Range > 10 kmAutomatic take-off (hand, bungee or mini launcher launch)Automatic and precise landing (airbag recovery)Deployment < 10 minInaudible - 100m AGL

Skylark II ®

Fully autonomous flight modesGross weight – 60 KgWing span – 6.5mElectric motorFlight alt – 500-5000ft AGLFlight Ceiling – 15000 ft ASLAirspeed - 40-70 KtsEndurance – more than 4 hFlight range - 60 kmInaudible from 500 ft AGLAutomatic take-off vehicle/trailer mounted launcher

Automatic landing

Hermes 450 ® Special Permit for UAS Type

Elbit Systems’ Hermes 450 is the first UAS to fly under a permit issued by CAAI, the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel.

CAAI has granted Elbit Systems a ‘Special Permit for Unmanned Aircraft System Type’ for the Hermes 450 and an authorization to operate, under limiting conditions, from specified airfields.

The permit has been granted upon a technical survey conducted by the UAS Committee, endorsed by Mr. Udi Zohar, head of CAAI.

Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)

Permit Basis Excellent in service experience and record of the Hermes 450 operated by the IDF, for more then 65,000 flight hours (at the time of approval)

Extensive safety analysis.

Operational Requirements and LimitationsApplied in order to ensure that the safety level of the ongoing civil operations is not diminished by the UAS presence

Civil flights priority in the specific CTR

Approved transfer route from the CTR to the military controlled airspace

Implementation of IFF mode3 & C.

Hermes 450 ® Special Permit (Cont’d)

The UAS has been registered and received 4X call signs.

Routine Hermes 450 flights are processed and issued under civil

aviation operational procedure.

As the UAS evolves various changes have been approved :

H450J- approved

H450W- under approval process

WK Approval

First flight – 15 April 2008 after 1/2/2007

First stage: Experimental configuration- first flights Maturation Configuration- for flight tests only60 flights performed

Certification basis: USAR STANAG 4671- extensive compliance unless replaced by UK requirements.RTCA/DO - 178B Software Considerations in Airborne SystemsRTCA/DO - 245 Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic HardwareUK airworthiness requirements

JSP553 – Military Airworthiness Regulations.DEFSTAN 00-970 part 9 (Airworthiness)DEFSTAN 00-123 (Technical Procedures)DEFSTAN 00-56 Issue 3 (Safety)

Extensive Safety AnalysisOngoing process of selected reports approvalComplementing effort with UK Military Certification

Past experience

with foreign authorities

Past experience

with foreign authorities

Previous Approvals

FAA COA Certificate of Authorization to Department of Homeland

Security for Hermes 450 ® Flight - June 2004

UK Flight Authorization for Aberport UAV Flying Demonstration for

Hermes 450 ® - August 2005

UK Ministry of defense - Design Approval for Military Aircraft and

Airborne Equipment - DAOS- for design, development, manufacture,

modification and flight test of unmanned vehicle systems- Nov 2006,

updated February 2007

Approvals for military missions: IDF, UK and others

RTS for H450 ® in the UK (GTOL upgrade in process).

Summary

UAS Design Organization

UAS Operation Organization

UAS Pilots

UAS Special Flight Permit for specific systems

Hermes 450C ® : basic configuration and derivatives

Hermes 450J ®

Hermes 450WK - permit for flight tests and activity for full certification

Skylark 1 ®

Skylark 2 ® with derivatives

Skylark 2A ®

Hermes 90 ®

Hermes 900 ® - at the stage of application

Hermes 450W ® – approval for testing configuration

Choice of highest level of airworthiness requirements

USAR for medium UAS

System Safety with emphasis on SW and FW development for mini & small UAS

Full collaboration with Israeli Authorities

Certification of products

Feedback to regulatory effort

Active participation in International Forums