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Transcript of Slide 1 / 127content.njctl.org/courses/science/1st-grade-science/plant-animal... · Sydney Opera...
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1st Grade
Structure, Function and Information Processing
2015-11-22
www.njctl.org
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Table of Contents
· Animal Structure and Function
Click on the topic to go to that section
· Plant Structure and Function
· What is Structure & Function?
· Animal and Plant Responses
· Design a Solution
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Plant Response DemoTeacher's Notes:· The Plant Response Demo will take place at the
end of the unit. · If you wish to use plants/flowers that you have
planted yourself, do that now so that they are already sprouted and growing by the end of the unit.
· If you wish to use already potted flowers, purchase them before the end of the unit.
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What is a Structure?The world is filled with interesting structures.
Sydney Opera House San Fransisco Bay Bridge
Statue of Liberty Taj Mahal
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What is a Structure?
Pretend that your friend, Jacques, from Paris is visiting the United States. He does not speak very much
English.
How can you describe what a structure is?
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Structures
A structure is an organized arrangement of parts.
Look around the classroom. What kinds of structures do you see?
Look at your classmates. Do they have any structures?
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Anteater noseRose thorns
Structures
Not only can structures be found in buildings, they are also part of our bodies.
Different parts of organisms (living things) are also called structures. Can you name the structures circled in these
pictures?
Falcon beak
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Different Uses
Look at the structures of the eagle's claws and the dog's paw. They are both types of feet, but they are used for
different purposes.
Why are they different? (Think about how they are used.)
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Different Uses
An eagle has sharp talons on its feet to grab animals as they fly.
A dog has padded feet to protect him as he walks on different surfaces.
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Lots of organisms have different structures because they are used for different purposes.
The purpose of a structure is called its function .
Functions
What are the functions of these structures?
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Structure and Function
Most of the time, how a structure is made helps it to have a certain function.
Look at the eagle claw again. What is it about the structure that helps it to grab animals while it is flying?
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Structure and FunctionOn the following pictures, look at the structure and describe the function it serves. Below is an example
Structure: turtle shell Function: protect turtle
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Structure and Function
Structure: shark teeth Function:
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Structure and Function
Structure: cactus spines Function:
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1 An organism is a living thing.
True
False
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1 An organism is a living thing.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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2 Which of the following is NOT an organism?
A Rat
B Tree
C Spider
D Rock
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2 Which of the following is NOT an organism?
A Rat
B Tree
C Spider
D Rock[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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3 Which of the following is an example of a structure? (Choose all that apply.)
A A bridge
B A bird's wing
C A cat's tail
D A tree's flower
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3 Which of the following is an example of a structure? (Choose all that apply.)
A A bridge
B A bird's wing
C A cat's tail
D A tree's flower
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A, B, C, D
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4 A function is how a structure is used.
True
False
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4 A function is how a structure is used.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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5 Which structure below is paired with the wrong function?
A Bear fur - keep the bear warm
B Dog's nose - hears noises
C Lion's legs - helps a lion to run quickly
D Bat's wings - helps a bat to fly
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5 Which structure below is paired with the wrong function?
A Bear fur - keep the bear warm
B Dog's nose - hears noises
C Lion's legs - helps a lion to run quickly
D Bat's wings - helps a bat to fly
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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Structure & Function Activity
How do the structures of spoons, knives and forks give them different functions?
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Outside and Inside
Look at the outside of this apple. If you cut it open, what does the inside look like? Do you see different structures?
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External Structures
Structures that are on the outside of an organism are called external structures .
What is an external structure of this apple?
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External Structures
Look at your classmates. What external structures
do you see?
What external structure covers all of our body?
Skin
All organisms have external structures.
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Directions: Match the organism with its external part.
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6 External means outside.
True
False
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6 External means outside.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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7 Which is not an external structure?
A Ear
B Tail
C Heart
D Claw
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7 Which is not an external structure?
A Ear
B Tail
C Heart
D Claw
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
C
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External Structures
Every external structure has a function that helps the animal to survive.
What types of things do animals need to be able to do in order to survive? Make a list below:
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Animals Can SeeMost animals have eyes that help them to see what is
happening around them.
Different animals have different types of eyes.
Click above to see how each eye of a chameleon can move in a different direction!
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Animals Can See
Insects have compound eyes. Each dot is a separate eye!
Seastars have an eye (red dot) at the end of each leg.
The shape of a cat's pupil (black part) helps it to focus light and see better.
How does the structure and function of each eye help the animal to survive?
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Animals Can HearAnimals have different types of ears that help them to hear what is happening around them.
Rabbits have large ears that can hear even small sounds. They do not have to turn their heads to hear noises. Their ears can turn while their heads stay still!
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Animals Can Hear
Polar bears have small ears covered with thick fur so that they won't freeze.
The lynx has tufts of hair on its ears that helps it to hear very well.
How does good hearing help an animal to survive?
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The Importance of Grasping
Your teacher is going to pick one student to come up and write their name in the box below.
Was that easy?
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The Importance of Grasping
Now, your teacher is going to put tape on your hand. Try to write your name again.
Was that easy or hard? What was different?
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The Importance of Grasping
Now, your teacher is going to put tape on your hand. Try to write your name again.
Was that easy or hard? What was different?
Teac
her N
otes
[This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Put tape around the student's hand so that he/she is unable to use his/her thumb.
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Animals Can Grasp
In order to survive, it is important for animals to be able to control objects around them.
In order to pick up a marker to write, what did you need to be able to use?
Your thumb!
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Animals Can Grasp
Just like humans, some animals have thumbs so that they can grasp objects around them. Some animals have thumbs on their feet too!
How are these animals using their thumbs?
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8 Eyes are the only external structure that help animals to survive.
True
False
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8 Eyes are the only external structure that help animals to survive.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
False
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9 Being able to grasp objects would help an animal to do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
A Pick up food
B See clearly
C Climb trees
D Hear dangerous sounds
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9 Being able to grasp objects would help an animal to do which of the following? (Choose all that apply.)
A Pick up food
B See clearly
C Climb trees
D Hear dangerous sounds[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A and C
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Animals Can Move
In order to survive, why is it important for animals to be able to move?
Think of different ways that animals can move. Write your ideas below:
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Animals Can MoveLook at the pictures below and describe how each structure meets the function of movement.
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Animals Can Protect ThemselvesIn order to survive, animals must be able to protect themselves from danger. There are a lot of different types of external structures that help animals to do this.
How does the puffer fish protect itself?
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Animals Can Protect ThemselvesBelow are some examples of external structures that give the function of protection. Can you think of any more?
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Animals Can Eat
One of the most important things that animals must do to survive is to eat.
What structure do we use to eat?
Teeth
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Animals Can Eat
What structures do these animals use to eat?
Sharp teeth at the front help this lion to tear food while flat teeth at the back help him to chew food.
Birds do not chew but use their beaks to break food into small pieces before swallowing it.
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10 The caudal fin is the fin on the tail of a fish. The longer the caudal fin, the faster the fish can swim. Which of these fish is the fastest swimmer?
A B
C D
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10 The caudal fin is the fin on the tail of a fish. The longer the caudal fin, the faster the fish can swim. Which of these fish is the fastest swimmer?
A B
C D [This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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11 The sentences below describe the porcupine. Which sentence describes a structure that helps a porcupine to protect itself?
A Porcupine are large, round and slow.
B Porcupines are covered in sharp spines.
C Porcupines climb trees to find food.
D Most of the time, porcupines sleep during the day and come out at night.
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11 The sentences below describe the porcupine. Which sentence describes a structure that helps a porcupine to protect itself?
A Porcupine are large, round and slow.
B Porcupines are covered in sharp spines.
C Porcupines climb trees to find food.
D Most of the time, porcupines sleep during the day and come out at night. [This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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12 Which beak has the structure to help the bird drink nectar from a small tube inside a flower?
A B
C D
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12 Which beak has the structure to help the bird drink nectar from a small tube inside a flower?
A B
C D
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A
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Structures Work TogetherThe structures of animals work together to help them to survive.
Think about eating breakfast. How many different structures do you use to do this?
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Animals Find and Capture Food
Before animals can eat, they must first find and capture their food.
Click below to watch a video of a bald eagle capturing a salmon. What external structures did the eagle use to find and capture the salmon?
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Animals Find and Capture Food
· Eyes - to look for food· Wings - to move to the food· Talons - to grasp the food
The bald eagle used all of these external structures to find and capture the salmon:
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Structures Work TogetherLook at the octopus structures below. How do these structures work together to help the octopus find and eat food?
Suckers
legs
Eyes
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Structures Work Together
Suckers grasp food and taste it to make sure it is something good to eat.
They have very good eyesight to find food.8 legs allow
quick movement to chase food.
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Structures Work Together
On each picture, describe how structures are working together to help the animal to survive.
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Structures Work Together
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Structures Work TogetherLook closely! Describe the structures helping each animal.
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13 Animals can only use one structure at a time to do something.
True
False
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13 Animals can only use one structure at a time to do something.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
False
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14 A black bear needs his ___ to capture food. (Choose all that apply.)
A eyes
B fur
C claws
D cub
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14 A black bear needs his ___ to capture food. (Choose all that apply.)
A eyes
B fur
C claws
D cub
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A and C
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15 This rat's eyes can help it to ____.
A find food
B hear danger
C see danger
D both A and C
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15 This rat's eyes can help it to ____.
A find food
B hear danger
C see danger
D both A and C
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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Build a Monster Activity
Can you build a monster with external structures that help it
to protect you?
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External Structures
Just like animals, plants have many different external structures that help them to survive.
Do you recognize any of these structures?
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Flowers
There are many different shapes and colors of flowers.
How does a flower help a plant to survive? Talk about this with a partner.
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Flowers
Flowers are an important structure for a plant. The flower is where a plant creates pollen in order to create a seed.
This closeup of a hibiscus flower shows all the pollen in the hibiscus flower.
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Flowers sometimes need help to get their pollen to another flower. Can you think of an animal that helps with this? Click the flower to see one example.
Flowers
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Flowers
Many different animals are attracted to the pretty colors and sweet taste of flowers. When they carry pollen from one flower to another, they help the flowers to make seeds.
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After pollen is carried to a different plant, that plant can then make a seed.
What does a seed look like?
(Look at the pictures below for a hint.)
Seeds
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FruitSeeds are carried in fruit. When animals eat the fruit, they carry seeds to new places. After seeds fall into the soil, a new plant can grow.
Seeds can be on the outside
or the inside of the fruit.
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16 All plants have external structures.
True
False
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16 All plants have external structures.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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17 Flowers help a tree to survive because they make ___.
A pollen
B bark
C food
D honey
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17 Flowers help a tree to survive because they make ___.
A pollen
B bark
C food
D honey
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A
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18 When bees carry pollen to different plants, the plants can then make ___.
A food
B water
C seeds
D leaves
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18 When bees carry pollen to different plants, the plants can then make ___.
A food
B water
C seeds
D leaves
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
C
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19 Why is fruit important to a plant?
A It gives food to the plant.
B It gives food to other animals.
C It protects the plant.
D It holds seeds to make a new plant.
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19 Why is fruit important to a plant?
A It gives food to the plant.
B It gives food to other animals.
C It protects the plant.
D It holds seeds to make a new plant.
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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Activity: Why are Flowers Colorful?
Did you ever wonder why flowers are so colorful? Find our
why in this activity!
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Stems
The stem of a flower supports the flower so that it does not fall over.
Stem
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Stems
The stem also carries food and water to different areas of the plant.
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Stems
Some stems are covered in other external structures that protect the plants. Do you recognize the structures in these pictures?
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Stems
The stem of this tree is covered in something brown and bumpy. Do you know what this is called?
Bark
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Bark
Bark is a thick outer covering of trees. It protects trees from injury the same way our skin protects us. If you remove bark from a tree, it can die!
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How Do Plants Get Food?When we are hungry, we walk into the kitchen to get some food. How do plants get food? Talk about this with a partner.
I'm hungry!
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Leaves
Plants are able to use sunlight to make their own food!
This is what happens in the leaves.
Although there are lots of different leaf shapes, they all do the same thing. Make food!
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Bay Fig TreeWhat do you notice about the external structures of this bay fig tree?
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Bay Fig TreeThis bay fig tree has a lot of large roots.
Can you think of how this would help the tree to survive?
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Roots
All plants have roots. Roots bring water into the plant from the soil. They also help to support the plant.
These roots grow into the ground to bring water to the plant.
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Roots
With all of these large roots, this tree is stable. It will not fall down easily. The roots help to protect it.
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20 Bark is a thick covering of the ___.
A flower
B stem
C roots
D leaves
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20 Bark is a thick covering of the ___.
A flower
B stem
C roots
D leaves
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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21 How does a stem help a plant to survive?
(Choose all that apply.)
A It helps the plant to stand up.
B It provides food for the plant.
C It protects the plant.
D It brings water and food to different parts of the plant.
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21 How does a stem help a plant to survive?
(Choose all that apply.)
A It helps the plant to stand up.
B It provides food for the plant.
C It protects the plant.
D It brings water and food to different parts of the plant.
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A, C, D
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22 What is created in this external structure?
A Water
B Bark
C Flowers
D Food
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22 What is created in this external structure?
A Water
B Bark
C Flowers
D Food
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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23 How do the roots of a tree help it to survive?
A It brings water to the tree.
B It creates seeds.
C It supports the tree so that it will not fall down.
D A and C.
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23 How do the roots of a tree help it to survive?
A It brings water to the tree.
B It creates seeds.
C It supports the tree so that it will not fall down.
D A and C.
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
D
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Walking Field Trip: Plant Structures
How many different plant structures can you find around your school?
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Hot! Hot! Hot!What would happen if you accidentally put your hand on a hot stove burner?
What would your hand do?
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Hot! Hot! Hot!
When your hand touches something hot, it automatically jerks away.
How does our hand know to do this?
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Our bodies are constantly monitoring what is happening around us. When our hand touches something hot, this information is sent to our brain. Next, our brain sends information back to our hand, telling it to pull away.
When our brain takes information and creates an action, it is called a response .
Response
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Our brains create responses to things we · see· hear· touch· taste· smell
Can you think of another name for these?
Our Senses
Response
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Senses
Animals use senses to gather information about their environments. The brain takes this information to make a response.
The sense of touch is very important for a snake. He touches things around him with its tongue.
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Look at this owl.
How can his senses help him to find food?
Senses
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How would this rabbit's senses help it to avoid danger?
Senses
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24 If someone throws a ball at your face, you will close your eyes. This is a response.
True
False
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24 If someone throws a ball at your face, you will close your eyes. This is a response.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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25 When our brain takes information and creates an action, it is called a ___.
A sense
B structure
C response
D function
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25 When our brain takes information and creates an action, it is called a ___.
A sense
B structure
C response
D function
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
C
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26 Which one is not a sense?
A smell
B move
C sight
D taste
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26 Which one is not a sense?
A smell
B move
C sight
D taste
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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27 Animals use their sense to react to their environments.
True
False
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27 Animals use their sense to react to their environments.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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Plant Responses
Although plants do not have the same senses as animals do, they are also able to respond to their environment.
What is this plant responding to?
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Plant Responses
This field of sunflowers are able to sense where the sunlight is and to move in order to face the sunlight.
Why is sunlight important to plants?
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Plant ResponsesPlants can also sense gravity.
What part of a plant would want to grow towards the ground?
Why?
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Plant ResponsesClick below to watch a video of radish seeds growing.
Even though the radish seeds were buried in soil, in what direction did all the leaves grow? In what direction did all the roots grow?
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28 Do plants respond to their environment?
Yes
No
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28 Do plants respond to their environment?
Yes
No
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
Yes
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29 Plants respond to sunlight so that they can ___.
A make food
B make water
C see danger
D find insects
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29 Plants respond to sunlight so that they can ___.
A make food
B make water
C see danger
D find insects
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A
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30 Plants respond to gravity so that they can ___.
A make food
B find water
C hide from danger
D hear animals
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30 Plants respond to gravity so that they can ___.
A make food
B find water
C hide from danger
D hear animals
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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Watch how plants respond to sunlight in this demo!
Plant Response Demo
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Our world is filled with amazing animals. Many of these animals have external structures that help them in unique ways.
Can you think of any unique external structures?
Amazing Animals
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Humans Mimic Animals
Sometimes, humans mimic (copy) the structures of animals.
Turtles use their shells for protection. What structure is the baseball player using to protect himself?
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Humans Mimic Animals
Look at this armadillo. It is covered in leathery armor that protects its entire body. Humans mimic this too!
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Humans Mimic Animals
Sheep have thick fur that protects them from the cold. This is something else that humans have mimicked.
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Design a Solution to a Problem
Your task in this activity is to:
Describe your solution on the handout. Be ready to share your idea with the class!
· think of a problem that you would like to solve· think of an animal that has already solved this
problem· design a solution to the problem by mimicking the
animal
