SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1:...
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Transcript of SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1:...
SLEEP
EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity
The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)
• STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened
• STAGE 2: Sleep spindles; sound asleep, but easily awakened
• STAGE 3: Delta Waves (20-50% of record); hard to wake up; decrease in blood pressure, body temp, muscle tone, heart rate
• STAGE 4: Deep Sleep; almost continuous Delta Waves; difficult to wake up; seldom move
The Stages of Sleep: REM Sleep
• Rapid Eye Movements• Vivid Dreaming• Paradoxical Sleep: Brain Wave Patterns look
alert; Theta Wave Spikes in record• Complete loss of muscle tone
The Sleep Cycle
Theories of REM Sleep & Dreaming
• Freudian Theory (Manifest vs. Latent Content)
• Activation-Synthesis Theory (Cortex tries to make sense of random brain activity)
• Neurocognitive Theory (Dreams are the result of thinking under unusual circumstances)
Why Do We Sleep?
• We don’t really know, but some theories:– Brain Development; Solidify information from the
day– Repair & Restoration Theory: Restore homeostasis
to brain chemistry– Evolutionary or Energy Conservation Theory: We
sleep to conserve energy & avoid danger
Effects of Sleep Deprivation
• No major effects up until 24 hours• Depression, lethargy, decline on task
performance, especially vigilance tasks• Prolonged deprivation (>120 hours) can lead
to hallucinations & psychotic behavior• Repeated REM deprivation leads to irritability• Metabolic processes remain largely
unaffected
Sleep Disorders
• Insomnia• Narcolepsy• Cataplexy• Sleep Apnea• Night Terrors, Sleep Walking• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
– (Restless Leg Syndrome)
Routes to Altered States of Consciousness
• Drugs• Meditation• Hypnosis• Nonchemical Environmental Pathways
Sensory Deprivation Studies
Sensory Deprivation Studies
R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique
R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique
Sweat Lodges
Crow Sweat Lodge
Navajo Sweat Lodge
Factors that May be Operating in Extreme or Unusual Environments
*Intense or Novel Sensory Stimulation
*Trauma from Accidents
*Weightlessness, Pressure Changes
*Extreme Temperatures or Hypothermia
*Restricted Vision, Hearing, Smell
*Lack of Social Stimulation
*Monotonous Sensory Stimulation from Landscapes or Seascapes
The Sensed Presence
A perception or feeling that anotherPerson is present, usually to help.
Can range from a vague feeling toA flesh & blood entity
May be a god, spirit, ancestor,Or person known to observer.
Why Does a Sensed Presence Appear?
• Motion of Boats• Atmospheric/Geomagnetic Activity• Changes in brain chemistry triggered by:
– Stress– Lack of oxygen– Monotonous stimulation– Buildup of hormones
• Shifting of attention from external, ambient stimuli to internal information we have less experience processing.