SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1:...

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Transcript of SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1:...

Page 1: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

SLEEP

Page 2: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity

Page 3: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS)

• STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened

• STAGE 2: Sleep spindles; sound asleep, but easily awakened

• STAGE 3: Delta Waves (20-50% of record); hard to wake up; decrease in blood pressure, body temp, muscle tone, heart rate

• STAGE 4: Deep Sleep; almost continuous Delta Waves; difficult to wake up; seldom move

Page 4: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

The Stages of Sleep: REM Sleep

• Rapid Eye Movements• Vivid Dreaming• Paradoxical Sleep: Brain Wave Patterns look

alert; Theta Wave Spikes in record• Complete loss of muscle tone

Page 5: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

The Sleep Cycle

Page 6: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Theories of REM Sleep & Dreaming

• Freudian Theory (Manifest vs. Latent Content)

• Activation-Synthesis Theory (Cortex tries to make sense of random brain activity)

• Neurocognitive Theory (Dreams are the result of thinking under unusual circumstances)

Page 7: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Why Do We Sleep?

• We don’t really know, but some theories:– Brain Development; Solidify information from the

day– Repair & Restoration Theory: Restore homeostasis

to brain chemistry– Evolutionary or Energy Conservation Theory: We

sleep to conserve energy & avoid danger

Page 8: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

• No major effects up until 24 hours• Depression, lethargy, decline on task

performance, especially vigilance tasks• Prolonged deprivation (>120 hours) can lead

to hallucinations & psychotic behavior• Repeated REM deprivation leads to irritability• Metabolic processes remain largely

unaffected

Page 9: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia• Narcolepsy• Cataplexy• Sleep Apnea• Night Terrors, Sleep Walking• Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

– (Restless Leg Syndrome)

Page 10: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Routes to Altered States of Consciousness

• Drugs• Meditation• Hypnosis• Nonchemical Environmental Pathways

Page 11: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Sensory Deprivation Studies

Page 12: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Sensory Deprivation Studies

Page 13: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique

Page 14: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

R.E.S.T: Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique

Page 15: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Sweat Lodges

Crow Sweat Lodge

Navajo Sweat Lodge

Page 16: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Factors that May be Operating in Extreme or Unusual Environments

*Intense or Novel Sensory Stimulation

*Trauma from Accidents

*Weightlessness, Pressure Changes

*Extreme Temperatures or Hypothermia

*Restricted Vision, Hearing, Smell

*Lack of Social Stimulation

*Monotonous Sensory Stimulation from Landscapes or Seascapes

Page 17: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

The Sensed Presence

A perception or feeling that anotherPerson is present, usually to help.

Can range from a vague feeling toA flesh & blood entity

May be a god, spirit, ancestor,Or person known to observer.

Page 18: SLEEP. EEG Patterns: Measuring Brain Activity The Stages of Sleep: Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) STAGE 1: Drowsy; alpha activity; easily awakened STAGE 2: Sleep.

Why Does a Sensed Presence Appear?

• Motion of Boats• Atmospheric/Geomagnetic Activity• Changes in brain chemistry triggered by:

– Stress– Lack of oxygen– Monotonous stimulation– Buildup of hormones

• Shifting of attention from external, ambient stimuli to internal information we have less experience processing.