Dyssomnias Parasomnias

Lack of Sleep

Disturbed sleep Excessive Sleep

VS

Lack of SleepLack of Sleep

Insomnia Sleep Deprivation

InsomniaInsomnia

Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep.

It is common problem that most people

experience at least occasionally.

Insomnia is the inability to fall asleep.

It is common problem that most people

experience at least occasionally.

Why?Why?

Consequently, insomnia often disrupts daily life. It can result from

Consequently, insomnia often disrupts daily life. It can result from

- Diet (intake of caffeine or alcohol) - Stress- Emotional Difficulties - Underlying Disease

ResultResult

When it occurs, people feel tired much

of the time and often worry a lot about

not getting enough sleep.

When it occurs, people feel tired much

of the time and often worry a lot about

not getting enough sleep.

Sleep DeprivationSleep DeprivationActually sleep deprivation is not a

Disorder. It just indicates that a

person has not been getting enough

sleep.

Actually sleep deprivation is not a

Disorder. It just indicates that a

person has not been getting enough

sleep.

ResultResultIt’ll affect person’s judgment,

reaction-time, hand-eye coordination,

memory, general well-being and immune

system.

It’ll affect person’s judgment,

reaction-time, hand-eye coordination,

memory, general well-being and immune

system.

How can I know that I am a Sleep Deprived patient?

How can I know that I am a Sleep Deprived patient?

Feeling drowsy during the day? Falling asleep for very short period of time(5 min or so) ?

Regularly falling asleep immediately after lying down?

Feeling drowsy during the day? Falling asleep for very short period of time(5 min or so) ?

Regularly falling asleep immediately after lying down?

It means you need more SLEEP!!!

Go to bed NOW !!!

It means you need more SLEEP!!!

Go to bed NOW !!!

Disturbed SleepDisturbed Sleep

Sleep Apnea

Restless Leg Syndrome(RLS) and Periodic limb movement Disorder

REM sleep behavior Disorder

Sleep ApneaSleep ApneaSleep Apnea is interrupted breathing during sleep.

It usually occurs because of a mechanical problem in the windpipe.

But it also indicates a neurological disorder involving nerve cells (neurons).

Sleep Apnea is interrupted breathing during sleep.

It usually occurs because of a mechanical problem in the windpipe.

But it also indicates a neurological disorder involving nerve cells (neurons).

ProcessProcess1) As people age, muscle tone

relaxes, which may cause the windpipe to collapse.

2) This condition is called Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

3) It results in loud snoring and blocked air flow through the windpipe.

1) As people age, muscle tone relaxes, which may cause the windpipe to collapse.

2) This condition is called Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

3) It results in loud snoring and blocked air flow through the windpipe.

4) It lasts from 10 to 60 seconds.

5) People may be gasping or snorting.

6) And then the brain quickly reacts to the sudden lack of oxygen, the muscles tighten.

7) Windpipe opens.

4) It lasts from 10 to 60 seconds.

5) People may be gasping or snorting.

6) And then the brain quickly reacts to the sudden lack of oxygen, the muscles tighten.

7) Windpipe opens.

Why?Why?Narrow nasal passages, enlarged

tonsils, and obesity are factors that

may contribute to obstructive sleep

apnea. It also may be related to alcohol,

tobacco, or sedatives.

Narrow nasal passages, enlarged

tonsils, and obesity are factors that

may contribute to obstructive sleep

apnea. It also may be related to alcohol,

tobacco, or sedatives.

ResultResultThe sleep cycle can be interrupted as many as 100 times a night.

Every time the windpipe closes, the brain is deprived of oxygen.

The sleep cycle can be interrupted as many as 100 times a night.

Every time the windpipe closes, the brain is deprived of oxygen.

This lack of oxygen eventually can cause problems morning headaches and decreased mental function.

High risk for heart disease and stroke

This lack of oxygen eventually can cause problems morning headaches and decreased mental function.

High risk for heart disease and stroke

REM Sleep behavior disorder

REM Sleep behavior disorder

It causes disruptions in the brain during REM sleep.

It causes disruptions in the brain during REM sleep.

ProcessProcessREM SLEEP

PonsSignal

Signal

Cerebral Cortex

Muscles

Thinking&

Organizing Information

ResultResult

It causes a type of temporary paralysis.

In a person with REM sleep behavior disorder, these signals translate into images that make up dreams.

It causes a type of temporary paralysis.

In a person with REM sleep behavior disorder, these signals translate into images that make up dreams.

If the signals are interfered with, the person may physically act out dreams during sleep. For example, if a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder dreams about running, he or she might actually get up and run.

As a result of this condition, patients may injure themselves or others.

BUT !!! REM sleep behavior disorder is rare.

If the signals are interfered with, the person may physically act out dreams during sleep. For example, if a patient with REM sleep behavior disorder dreams about running, he or she might actually get up and run.

As a result of this condition, patients may injure themselves or others.

BUT !!! REM sleep behavior disorder is rare.

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement

disorder (PLMD)

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement

disorder (PLMD)

It is a common sleep disorder, especially in the elderly.

Also RLS is a genetic disorder

It is a common sleep disorder, especially in the elderly.

Also RLS is a genetic disorder

ResultResult

It causes patients to want to move their legs.

It often results in insomnia.

It causes patients to want to move their legs.

It often results in insomnia.

PLMD causes jerking in the legs or arms that occurs frequently during resting or sleeping. Jerking may occur as many as 3 times in a minute and each jerk can wake the patient.

PLMD causes jerking in the legs or arms that occurs frequently during resting or sleeping. Jerking may occur as many as 3 times in a minute and each jerk can wake the patient.

Excessive Sleep Disorder

Narcolepsy

Cataplexy

Sleep paralysis

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Narcolepsy Narcolepsy It is a condition that causes patients

to fall asleep uncontrollably throughout

the day for periods lasting less than a

minute to more than half an hour.

It is a condition that causes patients

to fall asleep uncontrollably throughout

the day for periods lasting less than a

minute to more than half an hour.

These sleep attacks can occur

at anytime,

even while the person is engaged in an activity !!!

These sleep attacks can occur

at anytime,

even while the person is engaged in an activity !!!

ProcessProcess During sleep, narcoleptics have an abnormal sleep pattern:

They enter REM sleep prematurely without going through the normal sequence of sleep stages.

During sleep, narcoleptics have an abnormal sleep pattern:

They enter REM sleep prematurely without going through the normal sequence of sleep stages.

Narcolepsy usually is a genetic (inherited) disorder, although it may be associated with brain damage or neurological disease.

Narcolepsy usually is a genetic (inherited) disorder, although it may be associated with brain damage or neurological disease.

When?When?

age : 15 - 30

When people get pregnant, ill, a fever, or stress.

age : 15 - 30

When people get pregnant, ill, a fever, or stress.

ResultResult

often feel tired most of the time.

cataplexy, and sleep paralysis.

often feel tired most of the time.

cataplexy, and sleep paralysis.

Cataplexy Cataplexy

Cataplexy is weakness or paralysis of the muscles.

When cataplexy occurs, persons who are standing may fall down.

Cataplexy is weakness or paralysis of the muscles.

When cataplexy occurs, persons who are standing may fall down.

In narcoleptic patients, it may be

triggered by tiredness and intense

emotions and may be accompanied by

short, sudden episodes of laughter or

anger.

In narcoleptic patients, it may be

triggered by tiredness and intense

emotions and may be accompanied by

short, sudden episodes of laughter or

anger.

Sleep paralysis Sleep paralysis Sleep paralysis is the inability to move the arms, legs, or entire body that occurs when a person is falling asleep or waking up.

Sleep paralysis is the inability to move the arms, legs, or entire body that occurs when a person is falling asleep or waking up.

ResultResulto People who experience sleep paralysis

may become very anxious and often

regain movement only if they hear a

loud noise or another stimulus.

o People who experience sleep paralysis

may become very anxious and often

regain movement only if they hear a

loud noise or another stimulus.

Hypnagogic hallucinations or

pre-sleep dreams

Hypnagogic hallucinations or

pre-sleep dreams Hypnagogic hallucinations or pre-sleep dreams, are dream-like hallucinations that occur in the transition between being awake and being asleep.

Hypnagogic hallucinations or pre-sleep dreams, are dream-like hallucinations that occur in the transition between being awake and being asleep.

Often, they are very vivid, frightening dreams.

Often, they are very vivid, frightening dreams.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GWPOPSXGYI

Sources:

http://www.neurologychannel.com/sleepdisorders/types.shtml

http://www.athealth.com/consumer/disorders/Sleep.html