Slavery in Colonial North America. History of European Slavery Practiced by Greek Democracies...
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Transcript of Slavery in Colonial North America. History of European Slavery Practiced by Greek Democracies...
Slavery in Colonial North America
Slavery in Colonial North America
History of European Slavery
History of European Slavery
• Practiced by Greek Democracies• Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth• Middle Ages: house slaves common in
Mediterranean region • 15th century pope forbids enslaving Christians• Portuguese sought access to African slave trade– Used on sugar plantations on Mediterranean
Islands
• Practiced by Greek Democracies• Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth• Middle Ages: house slaves common in
Mediterranean region • 15th century pope forbids enslaving Christians• Portuguese sought access to African slave trade– Used on sugar plantations on Mediterranean
Islands
African SocietiesAfrican Societies
• Kinship bonds• Polygyny• Lower birth rates• Women - higher social status than Europe • Shifting cultivation • Trading centers - Timbuktu • Slavery was practiced but differed from
European
• Kinship bonds• Polygyny• Lower birth rates• Women - higher social status than Europe • Shifting cultivation • Trading centers - Timbuktu • Slavery was practiced but differed from
European
Slave TradeSlave Trade
• All Western Europe nations
• Costal outposts– Inland raids by rival tribes
• English - John Hawkins, Royal African Company 1672 (loses monopoly in 1698)
– Independent slavers from New England – Fortunes made
• All Western Europe nations
• Costal outposts– Inland raids by rival tribes
• English - John Hawkins, Royal African Company 1672 (loses monopoly in 1698)
– Independent slavers from New England – Fortunes made
The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage
• Baraccons > waiting ships• “rammed like herring into a barrel”
• Torn flesh• 3 weeks to 3 months• “the dancing slave”• Sanitation?• 1/6 perished• Revolts• Drowning
• Baraccons > waiting ships• “rammed like herring into a barrel”
• Torn flesh• 3 weeks to 3 months• “the dancing slave”• Sanitation?• 1/6 perished• Revolts• Drowning
Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano
The 1st Slave AuctionNew Amsterdam, 1655
The 1st Slave AuctionNew Amsterdam, 1655
North American SlaveryA Society With Slaves 1619-1670’s
North American SlaveryA Society With Slaves 1619-1670’s
• 20 to VA in 1619• Remained low for decades
– Indentured servants more cost effective
• Society with Slaves v Slave Society
• Africans owning Africans?
• 20 to VA in 1619• Remained low for decades
– Indentured servants more cost effective
• Society with Slaves v Slave Society
• Africans owning Africans?
North American SlaveryA Slave Society 1670’s-1770’sNorth American SlaveryA Slave Society 1670’s-1770’s
• Indentured servitude dwindles– Higher wages in Britain– Better opportunity in other colonies– Planters feared landless whites
• Inheritable slavery written into law
• VA slave code 1705– serves as model
• Indentured servitude dwindles– Higher wages in Britain– Better opportunity in other colonies– Planters feared landless whites
• Inheritable slavery written into law
• VA slave code 1705– serves as model
Upper South (Chesapeake)Upper South (Chesapeake)
• Tobacco • Necessary?• Better fed and “cared for” than Caribbean region
• By 1750’s 80% native born
• Tobacco • Necessary?• Better fed and “cared for” than Caribbean region
• By 1750’s 80% native born
Lower SouthLower South
• Rice & Indigo• Much larger plantations• S. Carolina began as slave society
• Georgia prohibited slavery from 1732 until 1752
• Rice & Indigo• Much larger plantations• S. Carolina began as slave society
• Georgia prohibited slavery from 1732 until 1752
Slavery in the NorthSlavery in the North
• Societies with slaves• Acceptable institution• Large concentrations in some areas but relatively uncommon in the countryside of NE
• Antislavery movement begins among Quakers (early 18thC) & in Philadelphia 1750’s
• Societies with slaves• Acceptable institution• Large concentrations in some areas but relatively uncommon in the countryside of NE
• Antislavery movement begins among Quakers (early 18thC) & in Philadelphia 1750’s
Daily Life & CultureDaily Life & Culture
• “built the South”• Rural labor• Insufficient clothing = cost saving = inferior status
• Small farms – side by side with owner, better conditions but less autonomy
• Larger plantations – harder life but more autonomy
• “built the South”• Rural labor• Insufficient clothing = cost saving = inferior status
• Small farms – side by side with owner, better conditions but less autonomy
• Larger plantations – harder life but more autonomy
African Americansin colonial N. America
African Americansin colonial N. America
• Family – core institution but no legal status
• Slave codes• Sale of family members• Most managed to keep family intact – more profitable for master
• Family – core institution but no legal status
• Slave codes• Sale of family members• Most managed to keep family intact – more profitable for master
African Americansin colonial N. America
African Americansin colonial N. America
• Children named for family members
• African names give way to Anglo names by late 18thC
• Kinship bonds
• Children named for family members
• African names give way to Anglo names by late 18thC
• Kinship bonds
CultureCulture
• E Pluribus Unum• African religions until Great Awakening
• Burial dances• Multi-rhythmic music• Guinea-English dialect
• E Pluribus Unum• African religions until Great Awakening
• Burial dances• Multi-rhythmic music• Guinea-English dialect