No. 23 - Auturmn 2016 - The magazine of Skretting Australia

FISHMEAL FREEGIVING AQUACULTURE THE LICENSE TO GROW

SKRETTING

www.skrett ing.com.au

Nexus

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NEXUS

FISHMEAL FREE

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EL NIÑO

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PIGMENTATION

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SNIPPETS

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CONTENTS

Nexus is published by Skretting and is distributed free to all our customers involved in the Australian and New Zealand Fish Farming Industry.

© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the publishers.

This publication is not intended to remove the need to take advice when dealing with specific situations and readers should contact the editor before taking any action in reliance on the articles in Nexus.

Contact Information:26 Maxwells Road Cambridge Tasmania Australia 7170PO Box 117 Rosny Park Tasmania Australia 7018Telephone: +61 3 6216 1201

Welcome to the Autumn edition of Nexus.

In this issue, we are very excited to be able to announce that Skretting is the first to market with

salmon feed formulations made completely fishmeal-free. This breakthrough has been made

possible through progressive and extensive research and is backed up by detailed evidence from

Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).

José Villalon, Nutreco’s Corporate Sustainability Director states, “Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s

mission, and this breakthrough in raw material flexibility gives us the ability to provide a significant

contribution to feeding the global population that is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050.”

In our previous edition, we presented a new research concept from the ARC on early pigmentation

for salmonids. In this edition, we further explore this concept and present the results from the ARC

trials.

This coming June, Nutreco and Skretting will hold its biennial international aquaculture and food

business conference, AquaVision. As with previous years, there will be some very inspiring speakers

and plenty of discussion at a strategic level on current and future concerns from consumption

and marketing back to farming, fish processing and feeding. Stay tuned to our website for further

AquaVision updates.

We hope you enjoy this edition of Nexus. n

Dr Leo Nankervis will be joining Skretting AustraliaWe are pleased to announce that Leo will join Skretting Australia as Marketing Manager. Leo is currently

working for the Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC) in Stavanger, Norway. He joined Skretting

in 2007 as a researcher in the nutrition department and from 2014 has been leader of the team for

salmonid research. He has been a driver, amongst other things, for the development of MicroBalance,

Supreme and HT summer diets. Leo is Australian, originally from Queensland, with extensive experience

across many species. He will relocate with his family in September and commence work with us in early

October 2016. He will be reporting to Rhys Hauler, Commercial Manager. n

SUSTAINABILITY A KEY FOCUS

José Villalon is Corporate Sustainability Director for

Nutreco, Skretting’s parent company. As former

Vice President and Managing Director of WWF’s

aquaculture programme and member of the

Supervisory Board of the Aquaculture Stewardship

Council (ASC), he is well versed in the increasingly

strict requirements demanded of aquaculture on a

global scale, and the implications of breakthroughs

such as this.

“Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s mission, and this

breakthrough in raw material flexibility gives us the

ability to provide a significant contribution to feeding

the global population that is expected to reach 9 billion

by 2050,” says Villalon.

SIGNIFICANT SOLUTIONS

All of the new MicroBalance FLX products have

no requirement for fishmeal inclusion. The positive

outcomes from this innovation are significant: it means

Skretting can be increasingly flexible with raw material

inclusions, enabling the available responsibly sourced

fishmeal resource to go much further than in the past,

and thereby increasing the sustainability credentials of

salmon production globally.

Cover image: Leo Nankervis, MicroBalance research leader from Skretting ARC and Sissel Susort, Skretting Global Product Manager Grower Feeds

DR JENNA BOWYER SUSTAINABILITY & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

About this issue

Skretting is a proud leader in aquafeed technology, and is excited to be first to market with salmon feeds that can be formulated completely free of fishmeal while delivering equal performance in terms of fish growth and health. These breakthrough products, called MicroBalance FLX, have been made possible through progressive and extensive research, and are backed up by detailed evidence from Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).

MicroBalance® FLX: Skretting makes fishmeal-free breakthrough FISHMEAL AVAILABILITY WILL NOT LIMIT FUTURE GROWTH FOR THE SALMON INDUSTRY

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RAW MATERIAL FREEDOM

Skretting ARC, based in Stavanger, Norway,

has devoted significant resources over the

past 25 years to exploring the potential for

alternative raw materials to replace traditional

feed components while ensuring optimum fish

growth and health.

Progressive research in the early 2000s led

to the identification of key micronutrients in

the fishmeal profile that are essential to fish.

The resultant MicroBalance concept has

allowed Skretting to be increasingly flexible with

feed formulations. The latest research is the

culmination of decades of investigation, and

sees the final piece of the fishmeal puzzle fall

into place: with MicroBalance FLX, Skretting

now has full flexibility over fishmeal inclusion in

salmonid grower feeds.

“Through our research, we have detailed

evidence proving salmonids can be fed with

feeds that are devoid of fishmeal. This is very

important knowledge that we will utilise to give

us even more flexibility with regards to the

composition of our commercial feeds,” says

Dr Leo Nankervis, Team Leader Salmonid

Nutrition at Skretting ARC.

“There is a finite amount of fishmeal available in

the market. Therefore, in order for aquaculture

to expand to offer a genuinely viable solution to

the challenge of feeding a fast growing global

population, it is essential that the fishmeal

resource is used in the most efficient ways

possible. Fishmeal availability will not limit the

further expansion of the salmon farming industry.

“While fishmeal is an extremely useful ingredient

that provides highly digestible protein, minerals

and trace elements, with this knowledge it

essentially becomes just like any other raw

material; it is interchangeable and can be

formulated into feeds at varying levels depending

on specific nutrient requirements, customer

needs as well as prices and availability,” he says.

INCREASED FLEXIBILITY FOR CUSTOMERS

Skretting’s Global Product Manager Grower

Feeds Sissel Susort points out that although

Skretting now has the knowledge and capability

to produce fishmeal-free feeds, it does not mean

that fishmeal will be eliminated from the products.

“The fact that we can do it is the key point. We

will work with our customers when and if they

decide to use MicroBalance FLX feeds. The

value of this knowledge will increase if fishmeal

availability decreases in the future.”

Susort continues, “To be fully flexible in our

formulations, raw material knowledge and

availability is vital. In Europe, market acceptance

to use animal protein is low, so we need to have

good vegetable alternatives available.”

FISHMEAL STILL A VALUABLE RAW MATERIAL

“Fishmeal is a natural and well-balanced source

of high-quality protein,” adds Trygve Berg

Lea, Sustainability Manager Skretting. “As an

ingredient in aquaculture feed, fishmeal carries

large quantities of energy per unit weight and

is an excellent source of protein, lipids (oils),

minerals and vitamins.

“The processing of seafood for human

consumption generates vast amounts of

by-products such as trimmings, fins, frames,

heads, shells, skin and viscera which can be

converted and utilised as valuable products

for aquaculture. The utilisation of by-products

is essential because it eliminates waste by

increasing efficiency through value addition,”

continues Berg Lea. “As such, Skretting will

continue to use some fishmeal in our products

if it benefits the nutritional composition of the

feed, is economic, and the source of fishmeal

is responsibly managed fisheries or the valuable

use of by-products from seafood processing.”

WHAT’S NEXT?

The arrival of MicroBalance FLX does not bring

an end to Skretting’s MicroBalance research.

“MicroBalance FLX is a major breakthrough

in terms of salmon nutrition that will definitely

help us to accelerate the development of

MicroBalance for other species that are

currently more dependent on fishmeal, for

example shrimp, sea bass, turbot and other

marine fish.” says Alex Obach, Managing

Director at Skretting ARC. “But this is not

the end of the road. We are on a mission.

Becoming independent of fishmeal gives us the

opportunity to explore alternative and novel raw

materials that perhaps are not even considered

in the spectrum of possibilities today. Can

we produce fish in the future using resources

without being in competition with foods for

human consumption? We are curious, and we

will keep searching.”

Feeding the Future is Nutreco’s mission,

and this breakthrough in raw material

flexibility gives us the ability to provide a

significant contribution to feeding the global

population that is expected to reach 9

billion by 2050José Villalon

Corporate Sustainability Director Nutreco

This is not the end of the road. We are on a mission. Becoming independent of fishmeal gives us the opportunity to explore alternative and novel raw materials. We are curious, and we will keep searching.Alex ObachManaging DirectorSkretting ARC

At this point, research was nutrient-driven and

focused on identifying the requirements for amino

acids, minerals & protein

A greater understanding of the nutrient

requirements led to further investigation

into raw material quality with digestibility and antinutritional factor

analyses

A high fish meal content still appeared to be essential when only using vegetable protein sources as

alternative raw materials.

The focus was again adjusted to include physiology-driven research

with the aim to understand the impact of nutrients on metabolism, and balancing nutrients to prevent

metabolic dysfunction.

The beginning of the MicroBalance journey.

In 2010, researchers at Skretting ARC revealed a significant breakthrough,

identifying specific nutritional requirements and detailed raw material

replacement capabilities.

The MicroBalance concept has been

progressively refined and documented.

Trials are initiated with feeds using 0% fish meal.

We can do it.

Comprehensive trials prove that we can now formulate feeds

that contain no fish meal, with equal fish health, performance

and quality.

THE

JOURNEY

1990s 2010EARLY TO MID 2000s 2012MID TO LATE 2000s 2015

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Deteriorating fish meal and oil production

prospects have been driven by the re-emergence

of the El Niño weather phenomenon, which has

continued to develop through the end of 2015.

El Niño events traditionally occur irregularly at

intervals of between 2 to 7 years at an average

frequency of every 5 years and while usually

short lived. The disruption it causes to the normal

Peruvian upwelling system and the associated

impacts can be significant.

In normal non-El Niño years, strong tradewinds

blow west across the tropical Pacific pushing

warm, usually nutrient-depleted, surface water

offshore to the west. This results in a sea surface

that is about 0.5 m higher and a sea surface

temperature that is about 8°C warmer in Indonesia

than Ecuador. While this is happening the costal

surface water is replaced by water from a depth

of 200-300 meters. This process is known as

upwelling.

This cold upwelling brings nitrate and phosphate

rich water to the surface and supports the

production of vast populations of phytoplankton

and zooplankton which in turn provides food

for the vast shoals of Peruvian anchovy. The

productivity potential of costal upwelling systems

is illustrated by the fact that 25% of the total global

marine fish catch come from five upwelling’s that

occupy only 5% of the total ocean area.

WHAT IS EL NIÑO?

During an El Niño episode, the normal westward-

blowing trade winds weaken causing warm surface

water to move eastward along the Equator, from

the western Pacific to the coast of South America.

The warm water builds up, or thickens, pushing

the thermocline down as much as 152 meters,

this thick layer of warm water does not allow for

normal upwelling to occur. Without this upwelling

of nutrient-rich cold water, the productivity of the

anchoveta fishery decreases.

The Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) is a

specialised technical agency with the responsibility

for undertaking scientific research and study of the

Peruvian sea and its resources and to advise the

State in making decisions about the wise use of

fishery resources and conservation of the marine

environment.

With the scientific support of IMARPE, the Ministry

of Production (PRODUCE) decided to open the

2015 second industrial anchovy fishing season in

the northern central area of the Peruvian sea from

17 November 2015 to 31 January 2016.

WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS FOR 2016?

“The impact (of El Niño) has been important in the second

half of 2015, as the quota for the second season has

been roughly reduced to a half. Usually the second fishing

season was 2 million tonnes, but now is 1.11 million,”

said IMARPE president, German Vasquez (FIS, World

News, Jan 13th 2016).

The long term trend for both fish meal and oil is one

of increasing price which is driven by global demand.

Skretting has been successful in mitigating the increasing

costs of marine ingredients by reducing the reliance on

fish meal and oil in diets through the replacement with

vegetable and land-animal meals and oils. Skretting are

the first to the market with salmon feed formulations

made completely fishmeal-free while delivering equal

performance in terms of fish growth and health. It means

Skretting can be increasingly flexible with raw material

inclusions, enabling the available responsibly sourced

credentials of salmon production globally.

As always Skretting will ensure that each of our customers

remain fully briefed on the implications of raw material

prices changes. We are open to exploring what raw

material choices can be made to ensure our customers

are still able to grow fish efficiently and with the required

end product characteristics. n

Figure 1. 15 year fishmeal price development showing the recent increase in price driven by reduction in Peruvian production volumes.

Figure 2. Upwelling is created when coastal winds displace surface waters to be replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that “wells up” from below.Source: http://www.greenseaupwelling.com/_images/upwellPic.png

Figure 3. Patterns of sea surface temperature during El Nino and La Nina episodes. The colours along the equator show areas that are warmer or cooler than the long-term average.Source: http://iri.columbia.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ENSO-states-viz_0.jpg

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Many farmers will be aware that fishmeal and oil prices have strengthened in recent months in response to deteriorating Peruvian production prospects, which has cut the availability of supplies for export. Falling output coupled with ever increasing demand from other production sectors, including the growing fish oil supplement industry, has the potential to impact aquaculture production costs until supply levels stabilise.

El Niño - the impact on fishmeal and fish oil prices

DR RHYS HAULER COMMERCIAL MANAGER

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To help the fish put into open seawater sites achieve

optimum growth, performance and health, many Atlantic

salmon producers around the world have in recent years

elected to extend the period that juveniles spend in the

freshwater phase of grow-out. Consequently, the reduced

time that the smolts spend in seawater before harvest,

aligned with the generally faster growth rates seen in salmon

production today, have contributed to a steady decline in

the pigmentation period.

The pigment in salmonids that provides their prized pink

colour is the carotenoid astaxanthin. Obtained naturally from

plankton, algae and crustacean shells as well as in nature-

identical synthesised form, astaxanthin is also an antioxidant

and a precursor to vitamin A. In cases where organic feeds

are being formulated, the pigment is derived from bacteria.

Salmon in the seawater stage of production have always

been given pigmented feeds and traditionally, pigmentation

for salmon starts at the beginning of the seawater phase.

In the past, it was not unusual for salmon farmers to put 40g

smolt into seawater sea pens, today the tendency is for the

smolt being transferred to be considerably larger and much

further along in the growth cycle.

“With the sea production time now several months shorter,

the salmon are missing out on significant pigmentation time

ahead of harvest. Year-on-year, we have seen pigmentation

decline in various markets, including Norway, Canada and

Chile,” says Leo Nankervis, Team Leader Salmonid Nutrition

at Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC).

To overcome this particular pigment challenge, and following

extensive trials with astaxanthin, Skretting has formulated

freshwater-specific feeds containing astaxanthin, enabling

pigmentation to begin prior to transfer.

“These feeds give salmon farmers the opportunity to get a

head start on the pigmentation process, which can give in

excess of 0.5ppm extra astaxanthin in the fillet by the time

the fish have transferred,” says Nankervis (Figure 1).

MODELLING STUDIES

Skretting ARC’s freshwater trials, led by researcher

Guido Riesen, were conducted with salmon juveniles

of approximately six months of age and were continued

through the seawater phase of growth. During the

freshwater and seawater transfer phase, the fish received

feeds containing varying levels of pigment.

Findings established that diet formulations containing

70ppm pigment offered a freshwater model that is most

aligned with the seawater model.

“The uptake utilisation of astaxanthin in freshwater was very

similar to that in seawater. This was excellent news as it

meant we could model in both the production stages for

salmonids” says Nankervis.

MARKET BENEFITS

Roar Sandvik, Global Product Manager for Freshwater &

Transfer Feeds at Skretting, says the new freshwater feeds

fulfil an increasingly important requirement in the production

system for salmon, and together with the knowledge gained

through the R&D process, they can provide invaluable

support for fish farmers wishing to establish a clear strategy

for achieving optimal pigmentation.

“The pigment astaxanthin is an essential component of the

diet of salmon; among other things, it influences the growth

and health of the fish. It also gives them the appearance that

end-consumers look for.

Therefore, an important goal for fish farmers has always

been to achieve good pigmentation,” says Sandvik.

“However, it is clear that the reduced time that salmon are

now spending in the seawater stage of growth has been

challenging the pigmentation process in most production

regions. These new formulations are a big advance for the

marketplace because they address that imbalance.”

STRESS MANAGEMENT

Skretting ARC’s research has also furthered knowledge

about fish stress responses to oxidative stress from

practices such as hydrogen peroxide bathing, crowding or

higher water temperatures and their effects on pigmentation.

For example, hydrogen peroxide has become widely used

as a bathing agent against sea lice and amoebic gill disease

(AGD) in several salmon farming countries and its use

has increased several-fold in recent years. However, with

hydrogen peroxide being an oxidising agent and astaxanthin

being an antioxidant, Skretting ARC researchers felt it was

important to learn to what degree the former decreases the

pigment level in the flesh of the fish. These investigations

were led by senior researcher Gunvor Struksnæs.

Concurrently, they found a certain number of fish will

break down some of their astaxantin into idoxanthin (a

metabolite of astaxanthin) when faced with a stressful

event. Interestingly, some individuals are affected to a

much larger degree than others, which now enables

better understanding of the variation that we see in the

pigmentation response between individual fish.

These findings complement the research Skretting ARC has

been conducting with larger fish in the seawater stage –

looking at the effects of hydrogen peroxide bathing, explains

Nankervis.

“We have found a downturn of pigmentation following

hydrogen peroxide bathing, but it is not as high as we

initially thought it might have been. Additional simulations

that haven’t included bathing but have lowered the water

levels have also triggered the breakdown of astaxanthin to

idoxanthin.

“We have confirmed that stress, particularly crowding

stress, is a major contributor to the transfer of astaxanthin to

idoxanthin in salmon. This knowledge has given us another

important avenue of further research as we look to establish

a bigger picture understanding of the mechanisms that are

controlling the degrading of pigmentation in larger fish in

seawater systems,” says Nankervis.

On a more local level, salmon producers in Tasmania

generally observe impaired pigmentation success and

unusually high variations in flesh pigmentation between

individuals in and after the summer period. Summer

water temperatures in Tasmanian salmon farming regions

commonly reach 18°C and are another cause of increased

oxidative stress on the fish leading to pigment degradation.

An ongoing PhD project at the University of Tasmania,

sponsored by Skretting Australia, is elucidating the effects

of high water temperatures on pigmentation. A better

understanding of the mechanisms involved in salmon

pigmentation success at high temperatures is crucial to

achieve high quality salmon products. Early pigmentation

of fish from the freshwater phase may be another avenue

to help improve pigmentation of fish farmed in high

temperatures. n

Early pigmentation of fish from the freshwater

phase may be another avenue to help improve

pigmentation of fish farmed in high

temperatures

Nicole RuffProduct Manager

Skretting Australia

A head start for salmon smolt pigmentationSkretting reveals pigmentation breakthroughDR NICOLE RUFF PRODUCT MANAGER

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Figure 1. Salmon were fed diets with varying inclusions of astaxanthin before transfer (70ppm, 40ppm and 5ppm), followed by a standard diet post transfer (50ppm). Fillet astaxanthin levels remain similar up to transfer; the increase in fillet astaxanthin is observed post-transfer, meaning that pigmentation in the freshwater stage has significant positive impacts on final fillet astaxanthin. FW, freshwater; SW, saltwater; ppm = mg/kg.

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Each year Skretting Australia undertakes a residue monitoring program as part of its

commitment to the global Skretting Nutrace® food safety system. All tests carried

out under this program are undertaken by selected leading international laboratories

ensuring that we not only use best practice test methods, but can also have great

confidence in the results.

Through this program we monitor potential residues, use the results to guide our

purchasing and product formulations, and keep our customers informed of trends and issues.

Skretting Australia’s latest Residue Monitoring Report summarises the level of undesirable substances in Skretting Australia feeds from

2011 to 2015.

Results from monitoring in 2015 indicate that Skretting Australia feeds have again met all Australian and European requirements and

that the levels of undesirable substances found in feeds are substantially lower than the limits set by authorities.

To view the report online please visit our website www.skretting.com.au where you can find the report under Our Story – Quality &

Safety, you will also find our previous issues of the report. n

We are pleased to announce that Alison Hill is Skretting’s newest member of the Sales department.

In December last year, Alison’s stepped into the role of Customer Service Support after the retirement

of one our longest standing employees, Tim Tayler. Alison will support our new Customer Service

Coordinator, Michael Hennessey and be responsible for taking customer sales orders. nContact details for Alison: alison.hill@skretting.com +61 3 6216 1212

Lord Sebastian Coe, President of the International Association

of Athletics Federations (IAAF) will be the keynote speaker at this

year’s AquaVision conference, which takes place in Stavanger,

Norway, from 13 to 15 June. With the theme ‘Meeting tomorrow

today’, AquaVision 2016 will concentrate on two core areas:

‘The blue revolution’ and ‘Beyond tomorrow’, and in true

AquaVision tradition, many of the topics and liveliest debates

will focus on the challenges and opportunities facing the

aquaculture industry today and in the future.

Lord Coe is regarded throughout the world as one of the

greatest athletes of his generation. He set 12 world records

over four distances, achieving four golds and three silver

medals competing at the Olympic Games and European

Championships. Using his political skills, his strategic know-how

and a true passion for sport, Lord Coe led London’s winning

bid to host the 2012 Olympics subsequently organising and

delivering what is widely considered one of the most successful

Games of modern times. Following London 2012, he served as

Chairman of the British Olympic Association.

Drawing on the lessons learned during an illustrious career –

both on and off the track – Lord Coe will share with AquaVision

delegates the benefits of building resilient and dependable

teams from a variety of backgrounds. He will emphasise the

importance of delivering on visions, communicating pre-

emptively, and ensuring nothing is left to chance. Above all,

he will underline the age-old proposition that no amount of

theorising replaces the genius of hard work.

AquaVision is a world-class aquaculture conference that attracts

a diverse range of stakeholders to Stavanger every two years

and will do so again in June 2016. The conference, organised

since 1996 by Skretting and its parent company Nutreco, has

established itself as an important meeting place for some 400

participants from over 40 countries.

Skretting and Nutreco are finalising the programme for

AquaVision 2016. This 11th edition will bring a wide range

of speakers from all continents to provide attendees with

invaluable information, insight and opinion. We look forward to

announcing further details in the coming weeks. n

LORD SEBASTIAN COE - KEYNOTE SPEAKER AT AQUAVISION 2016

2015 RESIDUE REPORT IS ONLINE NOW

NEW FACE IN THE SALES DEPARTMENT

DR JENNA BOWYER SUSTAINABILITY & COMMUNICATIONS OFFICER

Snippets

WELCOME TO AQUAVISION 2016THE UNIQUE AQUACULTURE CONFERENCE

AquaVision is the biennial international aquaculture conference organised to provide a platform and network for discussions at a strategic level. As a highly respected aquaculture conference, Skretting and Nutreco take pride in the cal-ibre of attendees at AquaVision, including presidents, CEOs and directors from the world’s leading and largest aquaculture companies.

Fully booked conferences in 2012 and 2014, with more than 400 stakeholders from over 40 countries attending both, showed the importance of AquaVision as a meeting place. We look forward to again welcoming the aquaculture industry to Stavanger and the eleventh World Aquaculture Business Conference.

The topics at AquaVision 2016 will cover current and future opportunities and concerns, including consumption trends, marketing, farm yields, feed devel-opment and fish processing. With the theme ‘Meeting tomorrow today’, the programme will focus on two core areas:

• THE BLUE REVOLUTION• BEYOND TOMORROW

AquaVision will take place at Stavanger Forum 13–15 June 2016. The conference will provide the critical context, new ideas and challenging thinking that senior managers seek. This year’s conference will give insight from industry specialists, science, business development and NGOs.

We look forward to welcoming you to Stavanger, Norway. There will be many exciting opportunities for you during your stay including:

UNIQUE PROGRAMMEA focused programme touching the most relevant topics within the industry.

NETWORKING Key networking events, including a welcome reception, a boat trip on the fjords, and the customary and much enjoyed conference dinner at a special venue close to Stavanger.

KEYNOTE SPEAKERSAn exciting line-up of experts have agreed to share their insights and experiences with delegates. For more information: www.aquavision.org

We look forward to meeting you in Stavanger!

With kind regards,

Eivind HellandConference Director

(+47) 91 37 78 25 eivind.helland@blueplanet.no

MEETINGTOMORROWTODAY

REGISTER ONLINE TODAY

ORGANIZED BY:

THE BLUE REVOLUTION BEYOND TOMORROW

WORLD BUSINESS CONFERENCE ON AQUACULTURE STAVANGER, NORWAY 13–15 JUNE 2016

KEYNOTE SPEAKER LORD SEBASTIAN COE

SPONSORED BY:

12 SKRETTING NEXUS

www.skretting.com

Set your smolt up for life

The period after release into saltwater is critical in the salmonid life cycle, and feed uptake and efficacy during this period has major consequences for the final harvest. The benefits of the Supreme range of feeds developed by Skretting are consistent and well documented.

Feeding your fish Supreme enables them to cope better during this transition, and results in a better FCR, improved feed uptake after transfer, more robust and resilient fish, less size variation and the potential for earlier harvest and increased production.

For more information, contact your local Skretting representative.

www.skretting.com.au