Skin Disorders and Diseases
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Transcript of Skin Disorders and Diseases
SKIN DISORDERS AND DISEASES
OMHS
Anatomy and Physiology Presentation
SKIN CONDITIONS IN ATHLETICS Can be caused or
made worse by athletic participation
Can be prevented with proper hygiene & ensuring that equipment & shoes fit properly
Usually caused by bacteria or fungi that thrive in warm, damp areas
Infectious forms can spread rapidly in contact sports
ACNE MECHANICA
Results from heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction
Usually occurs on shoulders, back, head
Common result when using tight, synthetic clothing, helmets, & shoulder pads
FUNGAL INFECTIONS Occur in warm, moist areas of body Tinea pedis: fungal infection that
thrives in warmth & dampness; often referred to as Athlete’s Foot or ringworm
Tinea Cruris: fungal infection found in the groin area; often referred to as Jock Itch
FUNGAL INFECTIONS, CONT. Symptoms:
Inflammation Burning Itching Scaling Blistering
Treatment Goal: Reduce moisture Avoid
transmission
Treatment At home, take off shoes &
expose feet to air Change socks &
underwear daily Dry feet carefully after
using public locker room Avoid walking barefoot in
public areas Don’t wear thick clothing
for long periods in warm weather
Throw away worn out shoes
Do not share shoes, headgear, towels
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
ATHLETE’S FOOTAthlete's foot can cause itching, stinging and burning between your toes. It may also cause cracking, peeling skin.
HERPES GLADIATORUM Type of herpes
fungal infection Transmitted by
virus through skin-to-skin contact (ex. wrestling)
Treatment: topical & oral antifungal medications
Out 10-15 days
BLISTERS Caused by friction,
along with heat & moisture
Tear occurs, forming space between layers of skin
Fluid seeps into space-skin bubbles
Treatment: Relieve pain Keep blister from
enlarging Avoid infection
Prevention: Keep skin lubricated Properly fitting shoes
& socks
BLISTERS
PLANTAR WARTS
Small, hard growths on the bottom of the foot
Caused by a virus; contagious
Treatment: cutting, burning, freezing off
Prevention: DON’T WALK BAREFOOT @ SCHOOL/GYM--EVER
MRSA : METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Type of staph infection resistant to antibiotics
Transmission Person-to-person contact Poor hygiene Shared equip., towels Improperly cleaned
equipment
Symptoms A skin abscess Drainage of pus or
other fluids from the site
Fever Warmth/Reddening
around the infected area
Diagnosis Only through
microbial testing Treatment:
Surgically excised Powerful antibiotics
MRSA
10 WAYS TO AVOID MRSA Keep hands clean Shower immediately
following activity Avoid whirlpools or
common tubs Avoid sharing towels,
razors, daily athletic gear
Properly wash athletic gear & towels after each use
Maintain clean facilities & equipment
Inform or refer to appropriate health care
Administer or seek first aid
Encourage health care professionals to seek bacterial cultures for proper diagnosis
Care & cover skin lesions/cut properly before participation
PSORIASISPsoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. It commonly causes red, scaly patches to appear on the skin, although some patients have no dermatological symptoms.
PSORIASISPsoriasis is not contagious.
PORT-WINE STAIN
Port-wine stain is a flat pink, red, or purplish discoloration present at birth due to malformed blood vessels.
Port-wine stains are harmless, permanent discolorations. However, their cosmetic appearance may be psychologically bothersome or even devastating.
VITILIGO A chronic disorder
that causes depigmentation of patches of skin. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, die or are unable to function.
VITILIGOThe cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that is may arise from autoimmune, genetic, oxidative stress, neural, or viral causes. The incidence worldwide is less than 1%.
Malignant melanoma – Cancerous melanocytes grow and spread quickly.
• 2% of all cancersRisks:1. Skin type2. Sun exposure3. Family history4. Age5. Immunological status
• A= asymmetry• B= border• C= color• D= diameter
Normal mole Melanoma
ACTINIC KERATOSIS
Caused by sun damage. Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma.
BASAL CELL CARCINOMAThe most common skin cancer. Treatment is usually surgical removal. Survival rate is very good.
UNTREATED…..
Nomenclature Traditional nomenclature Depth Clinical findings Example
Superficial thickness first degree Epidermis
involvementErythema, significant pain, lack of blisters
Partial thickness – superficial
second degree
Superficial (papillary) dermis
Blisters, clear fluid, and pain
Partial thickness – deep
third degree Deep (reticular) dermis
Whiter appearance or fixed red staining (no blanching), reduced sensation
Full thickness fourth degree*
Epidermis, Dermis, and complete destruction to subcutaneous fat, eschar formation and minimal pain, requires skin grafts
Charred or leathery, thrombosed blood vessels, insensate
A description of the traditional and current classifications of burns.
INGROWN TOENAIL: A common disorder
that occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the skin of the toe particularly on the big (great) toe. The corner of the nail curves down into the skin, often due to mis-trimming of the nail, or due to shoes that are too tight. An ingrown toenail can be painful and lead to infection.
FUNGAL NAIL INFECTION: The most common fungus infection of
the nails is onychomycosis. Onychomycosis makes the nails look white and opaque, thickened, and brittle.
MALE PATTERN BALDNESSBaldness is the state of having no hair or lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or "male pattern baldness" that occurs in adult male humans.
Aging of the Integument● Skin repair processes take longer due to reduced number and activity of stem cells.● Skin forms wrinkles and becomes less resilient.● Skin’s immune responsiveness is diminished.● Skin becomes drier due to decreased sebaceous gland activity.● Altered skin and hair pigmentation.
Aging of the Integument Con’t.
● Sweat production diminishes.● Blood supply to the dermis is reduced leading to impaired thermoregulation.● Hair thinning and loss.● Integumentary production of vitamin D3 diminishes.● Development of skin cancers.
A BABY SOFT INTEGUMENT… Lanugo is a fine, downy layer of hair that covers
your baby's body while in the womb. It helps to hold the vernix in place.
Vernix, technically known as “Vernix Casoesa,” is a cheesy or waxy white substance that is found coating the skin of newborn babies. Vernix is secreted by the baby’s sebaceous glands while it is still in the uterus. Vernix is thought to protect the baby’s skin from the amniotic fluid surrounding it. Without the vernix, the baby’s skin would become wrinkly, much like regular human skin that has been in the water for too long. Some research has suggested that the vernix has antibacterial properties, and helps keep the unborn baby from infections.
Milia are small white bumps on the skin of newborn babies, resulting from accumulations of sebaceous gland material.
TAKE GOOD CARE OF THE SKIN Y0U’RE IN!