SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

52
S k i l l s N300 You can do it yourself Vol 1 No. 2 9 WAYS TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS PASSION FASHION FOR INSTALLATION TUTORIAL WINDOWS XP A LOOK AT INTERIOR DESIGN EASY STEPS TO BAKING CAKES STARTING A WALLPAPERING BUSINESS -Justice Bonny 2009- 87678

description

We started with interview of talented and successful entrepreneurs. It is our hope that by reading about their challenges, inspirations and efforts, you our dear reader, may be inspired to grow as an entrepreneur. Here is Mr. Justice Bonny, an entrepreneur who is successful in a variety of skills with specialization in wallpapering.

Transcript of SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Page 1: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

SkillsN300You can do it yourself

Vol 1 No. 2

9 WAYS TO IMPROVE

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

PASSION FASHIONFOR

INSTALLATION TUTORIAL WINDOWS XP

A LOOK AT INTERIOR DESIGN

EASY STEPS TO BAKING CAKES

STARTING A WALLPAPERING BUSINESS -Justice Bonny 2009- 87678

Page 2: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

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Page 3: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

SKILLSCONTENTS

Skills! General

Skills! Training

Skills! Entrepreneur

ðLearn to double crochet 11

ðTassledpurse 13

ðSimple baby beanie 14

ðWindows XP installation tutorial 21

ðWelcome to general software

installation tutorial 25

ðEasy steps to baking cakes 40

ðWhat you need to know to run your

own business 29

ðA look at interior design 31

ðStarting a wall papering business 34

ðHow to start a career as a

photographer 39

ðAn introduction to price action

breakout trading system 48

Skills! Fashion

ðPassion for fashion 7

ðBeauty beyond the face 10

ðSkills Event 49

ðHow to develop supervisory skills 5

ð9 ways to improve your

communication skills 6

ðThe power of solitude 46

ðCheck our these website 15

ðBreast cancer 17

ðBattered women- winning the

struggle 20

ðWhat career is right for me? 26

ðSafety in the carpentry workshop 27

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Page 4: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Here we come again with another issue of the skills

magazine. A number of additional article in

improvement of the first both in quality and quantity.

We started with interview of talented and successful

entrepreneurs. It is our hope that by reading about their

challenges, inspirations and efforts, you our dear reader, may be

inspired to grow as an entrepreneur. Here is Mr. Justice Bonny, an

entrepreneur who is successful in a variety of skills with

specialization in wallpapering.

We know pictures make a deeper and more lasting impression. For

such undeniable fact many of them are included in this issue to

help you visualize the skills as an aid to memory and a boost to

ambition.

In keeping with our aim of providing a skill that everyone can

benefit from, there is a wide range of interesting articles in this

issue to spice your interest.

According to kazeem Adebiyi this issue is parceled to enable you

“discover your inner power and keep up for greet success”.

David Edojah

Publisher

David Edojah

Editor-in-chief

Kieni Ozi

Website

David Edojah

Art Director

David Edojah

Editorial Support

Kieni Ozi

Edith Osaye

Contributing Writers

Kieni Ozi

Kazeem Adebiyi

Edith Osaye

Nene BateboHenly EgbohRuth AkorheEgboh Onyedikajah

Advisory Support

Imoh Okechukwu Brown

Write to us at email us at

[email protected], 080575785440

Skills! magazine is licensed under TUSBORN GLOBAL SERVICES LTD

15 Uyiehierobo Street, Off Alohern Street, Off Dumre 2 Road, Benin City, Edo State.

Hemgbe Plaza, East/West Road, By Wazobia FM, Rumuosi,

Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Tel:

+234 813 784 5812, +234 703 290 5257

For Advert and feedbackplease call

+234 813 784 5812, +234 703 290 5257

or email us

[email protected]@skillsmagazine.org

Skills! Magazine Team

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From the publisher

Picture Credits:supervisor, pg , www.illustrationsof.com banana, pg , www.everyonespictures.comwoman, pg , by Jorge Meija Peralta, www.commons.wikimedia.orgabstract living room, pg , www.free-decorating-ideas.comguitar player, pg , by Timo Kozlowski, www.everyonespictures.comkid with camera, camera, lake, pg , www.photographyideashq.comcakes, pg , www.cakepicturegallery.comwaiting for a moment, pg , by ^riza^, www.everyonespictures.com

Page 5: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

S WARNING

2

3TYPES

4

5

FUNCTION

6

FEATURES

BENEFITS

8

INSTRUCTIONS

1

upervisors, also known as in their employees' lives. training courses in supervisory skills managers or leaders, include development to help you learn the individuals who take charge of a fundamental skills and concepts needed

team to reach a common goal. The title to become a better supervisor.Effective supervisors stay in the warrants a certain level of respect from leadership role at all times. those who are supervised. Inherent skills Inexperienced supervisors who fail Attend seminars to build your skills. and ongoing training determine a often find themselves in the pitfall of Several organizations offer such supervisor's effectiveness to encourage becoming too close to employees on a seminars for professionals who wish to others to follow him. personal level. Business relationships develop supervisory skills.

should be kept professional and not cross the line into

Invest in business-related There are two main types of friendship.motivational books written by supervisors: delegators and dictators. If you professionals. Most of these books will The delegator gets work done are advise you on basic techniques to through his team by assigning tasks develop supervisory skills.and following up once completed.

Delegation requires a higher level of trust in the employees from the Learn from supervisors in your supervisor. The dictator manages by organization. Choose a mentor with a intimidation and ensures the proven track record of effective completion of tasks by instilling a level supervision.of fear.

Manage staff performance. Ask for written status reports on a weekly or

Supervisors get work done through semimonthly basis from your others. They train employees to employees. Monitor and understand the achieve goals efficiently and with duties of staff under your supervision. company standards. Ongoing Follow up on projects and talk to the coaching and mentoring of others employee about how to improve his play an important role in a performance.supervisor's job. Employees expect and appreciate the right tools and

Hold staff meetings to build team feedback to perform tasks correctly.building skills. Hold staff meetings consistently. Use agendas and make sure that minutes are recorded. This allows

Supervisors take on a role as subject employees to provide an overview of matter experts in their field. Employees activities they are working on and helps see them as problem solvers. you to develop team building skills.Supervisors display confidence in all

7situations but also humility when Improve your communication skills. uncertain. They exert compassion for considering

Conduct staff meetings professionally, those they intend to lead but also career advancement, it is important for draft business e-mails well and always discipline when needed. you to learn how to develop supervisory try to speak to the employees directly. skills. Get prepared to accept additional Create a common form of responsibilities and relish the communication that is effective and opportunity to grow professionally. Supervisors feel a sense of everyone is comfortable using.Basic supervisory skills include good accomplishment when their team

communication, consistency, motivation achieves goals. In a position of Understand the fine details of a of employees and time management.leadership, members of the team will

situation instead of working with share personal stories and look to the general conceptualizations. Research the supervisor not only for guidance but for background of each situation and base someone to listen to them. Supervisors your decisions on thoroughly researched who truly care for those they lead information.[S]Enroll at a local center offering always feel as if they make a difference

HOW TO DEVELOP SUPERVISORY SKILLS

SKILLS!GENERAL

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Page 6: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

CSpeak clearly and pronounce

words clearly.

Look for compromise.

Have integrity and build trust.

Make eye contact. Avoid sending mixed messages.

Listen attentively, with Slow down. interest and without judgement when others speak.

Use the question technique.

Use gestures.

ommunication is a vital individuals and small groups, use smaller setting, we can make use of open ended tool in our everyday living. gestures, but as the group increases, the questions, which is effective in Its importance cannot be gesture should get larger. But do not identifying the actual need of our over emphasised. overdo them or else your message would customers.Communication skills are not be interesting. The modern world today, calls for high

some of the skills you need to succeed scale effective communication skills in in the workplace, in your businesses, order to win the heavy competition in all

When we pronounce relationships, family life and day to day spheres of life. It is the key to executing words articulately and avoid slurring our interactions. good management skills. But like we said words we dignify our speech and do a Communication, therefore, is a earlier, effective communication skill is kindness to our listener. People will judge process that involves at least two people vital in our family life, relationships and how competent you are through your – a sender and a receiver. And for there in building our homes.vocabulary. If you are not sure how to to be effective communication, the Married couples should keep the lines say a word, don't use it.receiver must understand the message in of communication open. Frank

We should the way that the sender intended. communication can prevent not be dogmatic. Instead of always trying Apart from basic necessities of life, misunderstanding and misinterpretations. to win arguments, look for solutions that you need to be equipped with habits for Endeavour to reach your mate's heart so meet everybody's need. And this you can good communication skill. And in order that he or she can understand your do through compromise or a new solution to develop these habits, you need to feelings. Pattie Mihalik, a journalist in the that gives you both what you want most. improve on your communication skills United States, observed that, some say For communication to be healthy, find a from time to time. You need to take “Words are cheap, but words can also be solution that both parties can be happy stock of the ways you interact and the priceless. And while others might find it with.way in which your work and personal hard to express sentiment, the result can

relationships are going. yield much more than money in the Our ability to communicate with bank.” Avoid saying what you do not mean. Do

clients, customers, subordinates, peers Some relationships get stuck in not promise what you would not or and superiors can enhance our peaceful co-existence, but without truly cannot fulfil. Follow through with any effectiveness or sabotage us. Here are communicating, relating to each other commitment you make. Be the kind of some ways to improve your and working together. While it may seem person that can be counted on as communication skills. stable on the surface, lack of trustworthy.

communication increases distance. For a Try to relationship to be strong, you need not be consciously look into your listeners Your facial expressions, tone of voice, fearful of conflict, rather you need to be eyes. When you stare off in a direction gestures, words and message should safe to express things that bother you away from your listener, you end up match. You don't smile when you are without fear of retaliation.sending a wrong signal, and you are reprimanding or disciplining an Honest, direct communication is a key perceived as incompetent by those with employee. It sends wrong signals and part of any relationship. When couples whom you consult or those with whom therefore the discipline becomes feel comfortable expressing their needs, you do business with. ineffective. fear and denies, trust and bonds are

Try to slow down when strengthened. Non verbal clues are talking. People perceive you as nervous critical to communication – body and not sure of yourself if you talk fast. language like eye contact, leaning Do not try to But slowing down does not mean you forward or away, or touching someone's dominate conversations. Listening slow down to the extent that people begin arm.attentively creates customers rapport to finish your sentence just to help you No matter how old our marriage or and helps you to better understand what finish. relationship is, spend quality time your customer or the other person

together. It is critical for your relationship To wants. Avoid criticism because it can to make time for yourselves. If you don't understand the other person's present easily smother a conversation.have quality time together, situation better, be it a customer, our The use of gestures communication and understanding starts partner and those we interact with, we make your whole body talk. For to erode.[S]need to ask questions. In a business

WAYS TO IMPROVE YOUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS9

SKILLS!GENERAL

6 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

Page 7: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Almost everyone loves to look good. Some people are just crazy about fashion (I mean that in a good way), so they may wonder: Can I succeed as a fashion designer? Fashion design is an exciting and glamorous career. And what is more, unlike other professions like medicine, law or education, you don't need upper level degrees to become successful at it. As a fashion designer you could design for a fashion house, work freelance, or be self-employed – perhaps even setting up your own fashion label.

However, before you decide that fashion designing is for you, it is important that you love fashion, that you find joy in using your creative talent to produce beautiful and practical fashion. Also, take the time to understand what daily life will be like as a fashion designer. FASHION design is often seen as a career limited to red carpets, front rows at fashion week, and about big hairdos and make up, clunky shoes and outlandish outfits. This view is not entirely correct. In reality, fashion designers have their work cut out for them since they have to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. Their designs are influenced by the tastes and sensibilities of the customer – which can change at a moment's notice. Designers need to anticipate, or even better influence those opinions. To finish a design taking these factors into consideration requires time. Sometimes as much two years may be needed from the conceptualization of a design to producing the finished work. FASHION design is far more than the crafting of beautiful clothes. Fashion involves footwear design, leather goods, jewelry design, uniform designs, costume design, swim wear, formal wear, and casual wear for men, women and children. The skills you need to become a successful fashion designer are taught at many tailoring studios around the country. You will need to learn sewing, construction and pattern making as well as design history and aesthetic. If you spend time as an apprentice at such studios, you will also learn how to market or merchandise clothes and accessories.Decided that fashion designing is not the career for you but you are still interested in stylish clothing? Or are you a designer (whether a beginner or experienced)? Browse through the following pages. Maybe you'll find a style that brings out in you or your customer your inner fashionista!

PASSIONFORFASHION

COVERSTORY

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Page 8: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

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Fashion DesignerEmmanuel E. Inyang-Emmany Designers08066224643

Designed byEmmany Designers

Skills! Fashion

Page 9: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Plain English Suit

Plain English Suit

9 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

Designed byEmmany Designers Designed by

Emmany Designers

Designed byEmmany Designers

Skills! Fashion

Page 10: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

BLUSH Your Lips

BLINK

QUESTION;

ANSWER;

TIPS;QUESTION;

ANSWER:

JUST A LINE

TIPS;

TIPS;

shimmery blush to the highest point of the cheek bone (sleek

Blush is something i like very much It is amazing how much attention the Rose gold is what i use).but i have seen the worst of it on lips can draw and that is why it is people's faces. I have even seen people necessary to make it look pretty and drop pink on their cheeks like they fell well cared for.into paint. To care for your lips, make sure it is You can't help but love mascaras....it

Blush can come in cream or powder well moisturized with lip balm or just makes your eyelashes stand out. I form and it is usually applied on the petroleum jelly. Lip balms help lipsticks love the feel of it when I blink.apple of the cheeks when the individual and glosses glide properly.There are different types of mascaras is smiling. The blush should never Lip pencils vary in colour and should which its use varies depending on what come below the nose or under the eye match or blend well with the shade of you are set to achieve. We have area. lipstick you are wearing. Lipsticks are lengthening mascaras which lengthen

When applying the blusher, use for glamour and the best way to apply the eyelashes, voluminous mascara sweeping strokes towards the ear and them is with a lip brush. My favourite which give extra volume to the lashes blend into the hairline. If you applied lip palette is beauty factory 32 lip gloss and on and on.too much blush, you can use a palette, the colours are really pretty.We also have waterproof mascaras translucent powder to tone down the After lining the lips, blend into lips so which is ideal when you know that you blush. One of my favourite blush that the line is not obvious. Having an have emotional day, like your wedding palettes is coastal scents 28 colour obvious line doesn't make the lips look because it doesn't run down your face blush. well done.when you cry.

For pretty pink lips, try this;This is my perfect seven list of mascara;I don't use blushers because i am · Try pink rose sleek lip pencil, then · Max factors false lash effect

really scared it won't suit me. I am dark fuscha sleek lipstick and finish mascaraand i don't think blushers suit dark with sleek sweet sixteen lip gloss · L'oreal xplosion mascarapeople. Will it suit me? high shine. However, i am against · Bourjois volume clubbing mascara

bright pink for dark people.· Dior show mascaraOf course it will suit you; you just Dark lip colours like blackberry, · Maybelline great lash

have to make sure that you are using the caramel, purple, currant, brown etc are · Lancome defincil high definitionright colour. Since you are dark, i will usually great for dark people.· Sleek voluminising clear mascara.tell you to avoid brown and peachy shades of blushes. You can rock red · You can exfoliate your lips by I have oily skin and someone blushes, deep orange, coral or rose. running toothbrush over your lips.mentioned that i use an oil mattifier. Sleek coral blush is cool for you · Never use black pencil on your What is that?because i remember using it for a dark lipsbride and she totally fell for it. It is a cream meant for controlling oil

Fair people can rock pink, peach and and excess shine on the face. It is LAUGH; it will do you a world of brown blushes but go soft on the pink applied before foundation and powder. good.so you don't look like a doll. You can look out for ponds oil control, Remember that beauty is beyond the MAC oil control or l'oreal studio face.[S]· When applying blush, do not apply mattifying primer. Marykay has one

in circular motion but with too.sweeping strokes to the ear. When it is done in circular motion, it · It is advisable that you change looks too concentrated and your mascara every 3 monthsartificial. · Do not pump your mascara, it

· For a sexy finish, dab a little makes it dry faster.

For questions and enquiries,

Contact us at [email protected].

Check www.facebook/Honey Luks.com

Call 08135626674

SKILLS!FASHION

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BEAUTY

BEYOND THE FACE

Page 11: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

T

ROW 1:

ROW 2:

he double crochet [abbreviated 4. Yarn over the hook and draw the dc] is one of the most common yarn through two of the loops on basic crochet stitches. It is about your hook. You now have two

twice as long as the single crochet and loops on your hook. (See the produces a fabric that is not stiff. So the figure below).double crochet is a good stitch to use for shawls, scarves, afghans, bags, and many other home décor items. You can also combine the double crochet with other stitches to produce interesting and a) Incorrectbeautiful patterns.

To make a double crochet, you need a 5. Yarn over the hook and draw ball of yarn (preferably a bright

yarn through the remaining two coloured yarn so you can see your loops on your hook. (See the stitches as you work them) and a 1.6mm figure below).crochet hook. The steps below will help

you get started:(see the August 2011 issue of this

b) Correctmagazine for information on foundation 4. Repeat steps 3 to 5 from the chains and turning chains)

previous section.1. Make a foundation chain by 5. Repeat steps 1 to 5 from the doing 15 chain stitches (ch 15).

previous section in each of the 2. Chain 3 more stitches for the Well done! You have now completed next 14 double crochet (dc) turning chain, so that you have a

one double crochet stitch. To finish the stitches.total of 18 chain stitches.first row of double crochet stitches, 6. Work 1 double crochet in the top Now to make your first double repeat steps 1 to 5 in each chain stitch of the previous row's turning crochet stitch:across the foundation chain. When you chain. (see the figure below).1. Yarn over the hook (yo) (i.e. finish, count the number of stitches you wrap the yarn over the hook have. You should have 16 double from back to front).crochet stitches in row 1 (counting the 2. Insert the hook between the 2 turning chain as the first double front loops and under the back crochet).bump loop of the fourth chain

from the hook. (See the figure below).

Good job. If you count your stitches, you should have 16 double crochet stitches in row 2 (counting the turning chain as the first double crochet).

Repeat the steps for row 2 to make additional rows of double crochet stitch.

To make the second row of double When you finish, fasten off your work 3. Yarn over the hook and draw the crochet stitches, follow these easy steps: and weave the loose ends into the fabric. yarn through the chain stitch 1. Turn your work The photo below shows you how rows onto the working area of your counterclockwise so that the of double crochet look as a fabric.[S]hook. You now have three loops backside of your work is facing on your hook. (See the figure you.below). 2. Chain 3 (ch 3; for the turning

chain). The turning chain counts as the first double crochet.

3. Skipping the first double crochet in row 1, directly beneath your turning chain, insert your hook in the next double crochet. (see the figures below).

LEARN TO DOUBLE CROCHET

Beauty & FashionSKILLS!TRAINING

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Page 12: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

We sell and install all kinds of Stainless steel and wrought iron.

Our Product Ranges from :Combi PostCombi Pipe and PostCustomized BalustradeStainless Rail with glassStainless Rail with sandblasted design

Our Materials304 Mirror Stainless Pipes304 Stain Stainless Pipes316 Stain Stainless PipesStainless Sheet of different millimeters We have the best of materials and they are corrosionFree and of industry standard.

Office Address:Rumuokoro Port Harcourt, River State.E-MAIL:

Mobile No: 08038743386 08090979004

[email protected]

AFROTECH STAINLESS STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON DESIGN

Sales and installation of stainless steel and wrought iron for your staircases and balconies

Page 13: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

HAVE FUN PRACTISING YOUR DOUBLE CROCET STITCHES AND CREATE A BEAUTIFUL LITTLE PURSE FOR YOUR PHONE, CAMERA OR AS A GIFT FOR SOMEONE SPECIAL.

SKILLS!TRAINING

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SKILL LEVEL:Easy GAUGE: 5dc st= 1in; 9 dc rows = 4 inches Rnd 22: Mark the centre back of top of

FINISHED SIZE: 12cm x 8cm PATTERN NOTES: purse.Ch 1, sc in each st around to

MATERIALS: This purse is worked holding two different marker, ch 16, sc in rem st around. Join

·One ball each of two different coloured strands of yarn together. with slst in beg ch-1.

colours of yarn. (pink & purple, and Chain 3 at the beginning of a row counts as Sew button to centre front.

yellow & brown purses are shown first double crochet Attach metal ring to side of purse. Cut 8 PURSEhere) strands of yarn each 8 inches long. Fold Body·1.6mm crochet hook or size needed strands in half around metal ring. Tie

thRow1: ch 21, dc in 4 ch from hook and in to obtain gauge. last cut strand around top of folded every chain across. Turn. (18dc).·One coordinating button strands. Trim ends as desired.Row 2:ch 3 (counts as first dc), dc in 2nd st ·Sewing threadandin every st across. Turn. (18 dc).

·Sewing needle 'TRY THIS:To make the purse bigger, Row 3 – Row 21: rep row 2. ·Metal rings, triangles or other maybe even turning it into a bag, add a

Finishingshape. few more rows. Or change the colour to

Sew two sides together. one you like, perhaps using only a ·Lining material (optional)Sew lining to the inside top of purse. single colour.[S]

Page 14: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

SIMPLE BABY BEANIETHESE BEAUTIFUL BEANIES, CROCHETED WITH THE BASIC DOUBLE CROCHET ARE SUPER EASY TO MAKE. MAKE SEVERAL IN DIFFERENT COLOURS FOR THAT SPECIAL BABY

dc in next st, * dc in each of next 4 sts, 2 dc in next st*, rep from * around. Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (60 dc)Rnd 7: ch 3, dc in each of next 4 sts, 2 dc in next st. *dc in each of next 5 sts, 2 dc in next st*. rep from * around. Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (70 dc)Rnd 8 – Rnd 12: ch 3, dc in each st around. Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (70 dc)Rnd 13 – Rnd 15: ch 3, *FP dc around next st, BP dc around next st*, rep from * around. Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (70 dc). Do not fasten offEar Flaps: make 2 on opposite sides of the beanieRow 1: ch 3, dc in each of next 13 st. Turn (14 dc)

ch 3, dc in each st across. Turn easy ch 3, dc in same st as ch 3,* 2 Row 2: SKILL LEVEL: Rnd 2: (14 dc)dc in next st*, rep from * around. Join FINISHED SIZE: fits infant to 3 months old

with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (20 dc) Row 3: ch 3, dec 1 dc in next 2 st, dc in MATERIALS:Rnd 3: ch 3, 2dc in next st, *dc in next each st across to within last 2 st, dec 1 dc ·1 balls of yarn (choose any colour

in last 2 st. Turn (12 dc)st, 2 dc in next st*, rep from * around. you like) Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (30 dc) Row 4: rep row 2 (12 dc)·1.6mm crochet hook or size needed Rnd 4: ch 3, dc in next st, 2 dc in next Row 5: rep row 3 (10 dc)to obtain gaugest, *dc in each of next 2 sts, 2 dc in Row 6: rep row 2 (10 dc)GAUGE: 6dc st= 1in; 8 dc rounds = 3 inchesnext st*, rep from * around. Join with Finishing: work sc st around the edge of PATTERN NOTES:sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (40 dc) beanie. Fasten off. Weave in loose ends.Chain 3 at the beginning of round counts Rnd 5: ch 3, dc in each of next 2 sts, as first double crochet. 'TRY THIS: to make a bigger beanie, work 2dc in next st, * dc in each of next 3

BEANIEsts, 2 dc in next st*, rep from * around. more double crochets into the slip knot,

Rnd 1: make a slip knot. Ch 3, work 9 dc Join with sl st to beg ch 3. Turn (50 dc) OR, continue increasing rounds until the in slip knot. Join with sl st to beg ch 3. circumference of the beanie is large Rnd 6: ch 3, dc in each of next 3 sts, 2 Turn (10 dc) enough.[S]

SKILLS!TRAINING

DAVID SCHOOLPORT HARCOURT

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Page 17: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases. It occurs when, for unknown reasons, cells become

abnormal and divide without control or order. All parts of the body are made up of cells that normally divide to produce more cells, but only when the body needs them. With cancer, cells keep dividing, even when new cells are not needed.

The change from normal to cancerous cells requires several separate, different gene alterations. Eventually, altered genes and uncontrolled growth may produce a tumor that can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumors can invade, damage, and destroy nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor won't spread to other parts of the body, but local tissue may be damaged and the growth may need to be removed.

Cancer cells can also break away from a malignant tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. This is how the condition spreads within the body. When breast cancer spreads outside the breast, cancer cells often are found in the lymph nodes under the arm. They can also spread to other lymph nodes, the bones, liver, or lungs. Although it is not common, some people whose underarm lymph nodes are clear of breast cancer may still have cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body.

Cancer that spreads to other parts of the body is the same disease and has the same name as the original cancer. For example, breast cancer that has spread to the bones is called metastatic breast cancer, not bone cancer.

-A WOMAN’S NIGHTMAREBREAST CANCER

Breast Cancer SymptomsNot everyone with breast cancer will

have early symptoms of the disease. That is why breast cancer screening is so important. Screening before symptoms of breast cancer develop can help doctors find and treat cancer early. Also, breast cancer treatment is more likely to work well when cancer is found early.

Symptoms of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Other Considerations Regarding

Common Symptoms of Breast Cancer Symptoms of Breast Cancer

purple, or bruised, and it may have ·Nipple tenderness ridges or appear pitted, like the skin of ·A change in how the breast or an orange (called peau d'orange). These nipple looks.symptoms often occur quickly over a ·A change in the size or shape of period of weeks.the breast

Another possible symptom is swollen ·A nipple turned inward into the lymph nodes under the arm, above the breast collarbone, or in both places. Often, a

·Nipple discharge (fluid). tumor cannot be felt, and may not be seen on a mammogram.

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer. In inflammatory Common signs and symptoms of Early breast cancer usually does not breast cancer, the lymph vessels around breast cancer include: cause pain. Still, a woman should see the breast become blocked. Symptoms

?A change in how the breast or her healthcare provider about breast of this type of breast cancer include a nipple feels pain or any possible breast cancer red, swollen, and warm breast. The skin

symptoms as early as possible so that ·A lump or thickening in or near the of the breast may also appear pink,

problems can>>>breast or in the underarm area

17 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

SKILLS!HEALTH

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be diagnosed and treated. Most often, these possible symptoms are not actually due to cancer, but to other, less serious health problems.

Risk Factors for Breast CancerBreast cancer research has shown that

women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop the disease. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of developing a condition. Anything that decreases a person's chance of developing a disease is called a protective factor. Breast cancer prevention involves avoiding the risk factors and increasing the protective factors that can be controlled so t

father's family) may also increase a Women who have had radiation woman's risk. therapy to the chest (including breasts)

before age 30 are at an increased risk of breast cancer. This includes women Some women have cells in the breast treated with radiation for Hodgkin that look abnormal under a microscope. lymphoma. Studies show that the Having certain types of abnormal cells younger a woman was when she (for example, atypical hyperplasia and received radiation treatment, the higher lobular carcinoma in situ -- LCIS) can her chances of getting the disease later increase the risk of breast cancer.in life.

Changes in certain genes can increase Breast tissue may be dense or fatty. the risk of breast cancer. These genes

Older women whose mammograms include BRCA1, BRCA2, and others. (breast x-rays) show more dense tissue Tests can sometimes show the presence can be at an increased risk of cancer.of specific gene changes in families with

hat the chances of developing cancer decrease.

The chance of getting breast cancer after menopause is higher in women

Studies have identified the following who are overweight or obese.breast cancer risk factors:·Age (most cases occur in women Women who are physically inactive

over 60) throughout life may have an increased ·Personal history of breast cancer chance of breast cancer. Being active ·Family history of breast cancer may help reduce the risk by preventing ·Certain breast changes weight gain and obesity.·Gene changes

Studies suggest that the more alcohol ·Reproductive and menstrual a woman drinks, the greater her risk of history

many women who have had breast breast cancer.·Radiation to the chest cancer. Healthcare providers may

suggest ways to try to reduce the risk, or ·Breast density to improve the detection of this disease ·Taking DES (diethylstilbestrol -- a in women who have these changes in

synthetic estrogen) Other possible breast cancer risk their genes.factors are under study. Researchers are ·Being overweight or obese studying the effect of diet, physical ·Lack of physical activity When it comes to breast cancer and a activity, and genetics on risk. They are

woman's reproductive and menstrual ·Excessive consumption of alcohol. also studying whether certain substances history:

in the environment can increase a ·The older a woman is when she has woman's chances of developing breast

her first child, the greater her cancer.chance of breast cancer The following sections provide Many risk factors can be avoided.

·Women who had their first additional information on specific risk Others, such as family history, cannot. menstrual period before age 12 are factors for breast cancer. Women can help protect themselves by at an increased risk for breast staying away from known risk factors cancer The chance of getting breast cancer whenever possible.

·Women who went through increases as a woman gets older. Most But it's also important to keep in mind menopause after age 55 can have cases occur in women over age 60. This that most women who have known risk an increased risk disease is not common before factors for breast cancer do not get the

·Women who never had children are menopause. disease. Also, many women with the at an increased risk of breast cancer condition do not have a family history of

it. In fact, except for growing older, A woman who had the disease in one ·Women who take menopausal most women with breast cancer have no breast has an increased risk of getting hormone therapy with estrogen clear risk factors.cancer in her other breast. plus progestin after menopause

If you think you may be at risk, you also appear to have an increased should discuss this concern with your risk A woman's risk of breast cancer is doctor. Your doctor may be able to ·Large, well-designed studies have higher if her mother, sister, or daughter suggest ways for you to reduce it, shown no link between abortion or had the disease. The risk is higher if her including breast cancer screening, and miscarriage and breast cancer.family member got breast cancer before can plan a schedule for checkups.[S]age 40. Having other relatives with the

condition (in either her mother's or

Certain Breast Changes

Gene ChangesBreast Density

Being Overweight or Obese After Menopause

Specific Risk Factors

Lack of Physical Activity

Drinking Alcohol

Other Considerations Regarding Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

Reproductive and Menstrual History

More Information on Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Age

Personal History of Breast Cancer

Family History of the Disease

Radiation Therapy to the Chest

SKILLS!HEALTH

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T

Tips on Good relationship by MimiPlease send your questions and comments to

08188129627

he relationship everybody loves her because of her between a man and a welcoming character. Her husband nick is woman is always calm, quit but very jealous. Her position interesting as long as at work puts her in a very tempting both of them situation. Her welcoming character understand their roles attracts the opposite sex in and outside in the union. her office. So when Nick asks her to quit

Worldwide, many a man shows his her job, she just can't imagine quitting her prowess by how he handles his woman. beautiful job. Whenever there is an To let her know who is in charge in the argument about her job, she receives relationship he either batters or bullies slaps and outright blows from Nick. her physically or verbally. In some part Martha loves her husband and her job. of the world, a man could go to prison But at this instant she is torn apart. What for battering his wife or fiancée and in will she do?some other part of the world, battering a Nora and Martha are just two examples woman is a normal practice in a of millions of women battered in their relationship. various relationships. The question now

In this part of the world, it is not is: what attitude should a woman exhibit frowned at publicly. So, many women to prevent a man from slapping, shoving, are battered by their lovely husbands, hitting or outrightly striking her with boyfriends, and fiancés and when they violent blows?seek for help from other family 1. Be calm: When an argument erupts members or friends all they hear is in a discussion, remain calm and “endure”. “Don't worry, in time he will quit. Listen to him and don't stop.” Or “maybe, you are the cause”. interrupt. It does not mean you are a

Here are two examples Nora and fool but it is just that you want him Martha. to win the arrangement which will

Nora is a lovely, beautiful woman. increase his self-pride.Her fiancé Mickel is the nicest man in 2. Be patient: Don't be in a hurry to her world. They have been courting for explain yourself in the heat of an five years. She is a very sensitive argument. All the man can think woman who loves to be pampered and about at that point in time is that he cherished. When the issue of wedding is talking and you are talking back comes up, she wants Mickel to listen to at him. There is plenty of time to argument. If he is drunk do not tell him her. She sometimes yells at him with the explain yourself. Just let him have to his face. Be nice and lead him to the intention of infuriate him and possibly the moment. room to relax. If he is insane run away pushing him to fix a date for their 3. Be assuring: Assure your man of for your life but don't discuss the matter wedding. Mickel hates to be pushed by your love and understanding. Tell with anybody. When he has calmed anybody, let alone a woman. Her him verbally that you understand his down probably after a day or two bring nagging has become too unbearable for point of view. up the matter in a polite manner over a Mickel. At a particular point, he cannot 4. Do not bring up the matter again at glass of juice or wine.take it any longer. So to hush her he the moment. Distract him with If you are experiencing battering in slapped her for a start. something positive. your relationship or your man is

For the past six months it has 5. Be quick to apologize when you are showing signs or hurting you physically, progressed to real battering. Nora is wrong. always remember that you can control frustrated and confused. Her friends 6. Be sweet and nice to him but do not the situation and eventually motivate encouraged her to leave Mickel. But cry your man to do whatever you want to do leaving him means starting all over 7. Give him something to eat, a snack so as to maintain a good relationship.again. Staying with him is not a good or food, maybe a juice to drink.choice either. What will she do? 8. Leave him alone to calm down and

Martha is a responsible married get busy with something woman with two kids – a boy and a girl. meaningful.She is beautiful and has a soothing No sane man will strike a woman if she voice. She is a good receptionist and exhibits these qualities, during or after an

[email protected]

BATTERED WOMEN -winning the struggleIf you are experiencing battering in your relationship, take control! Try these tips

to improve the situation

RELATIONSHIP

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To install Windows XP in your system, first you using a SCSI or SATA Hard drive then you must press F6 purchase your Windows XP cd. You can get this in one otherwise Windows will not detect your Hard Drive during the of this software market around you. installation. Please make sure you have the Raid drivers on a

We are going to demonstrate how to install Windows XP floppy disk. Normally the drivers are supplied on a CD which Professional. Windows XP home edition is very similar to the you can copy to a floppy disk ready to be installed. If you are professional edition. Since Windows XP Pro is more advanced not sure how to do this then please read your motherboard operating system, it will be used to demonstrate the installation procedure.

The best way to install Windows XP is to do a clean installation. It is not difficult to perform a clean installation. Before you perform the installation I recommend that you check Windows XP Compatibility List to ensure that your hardware is supported by Windows XP operating system. If your hardware is not on the compatibility list you can check your hardware manufactures website to download the drivers for Windows XP.

All versions of Windows XP CD are bootable. In order to boot from CD/DVD-ROM you need to set the boot sequence. Look for the boot sequence under your BIOS setup and make sure that the first boot device is set to CD/DVD-ROM, then make the second boot device set to IDE 1 (The harddisk). You manuals for more information.can then perform the following steps to install Windows XP: NOTE- You can skip step 2 to step 5 and move on to step 6

Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying"Press any key to boot from CD". Look carefully so as not to allow the above display pass without pressing any key.

Step 3 - Press S to Specify that you want to install additional device.

Soon as computer starts booting from the CD you will get the following screen:Step 2 - At this stage it will ask you to press F6 if you want to install a third party Raid or SCSI driver. If you are using an IDE Hard Drive then you do not need to press F6. If you are

WINDOWS XP INSTALLATION TUTORIAL

SKILLS!TRAINING

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<Step 5 - You will see a list of Raid drivers for your HDD. windows application and using the other partition to store Select the correct driver for your device and press enter. your personal files. So in the future if anything goes wrong

with our Windows application such as virus, we can re-install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive will not be touched. Please note you can choose whatever size partition you like. For example if you have 300GB hard drive you can have two partition of 150GB each.

Step 6 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup

screen. You have the option to do a new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just press Enter to continue.

Press C to create a partition.Step 8 - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to allocate for the partition you are about to create. I will choose 80000MB. You will then get the screen below. Notice it shows C: Partition followed by the size 80000 MB. This indicates a partition has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 40189MB. Next highlight the unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then press C to create another partition. You will see the total space available for the new partition.

HOW TO CREATE PARTITIONStep 7 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and continue

Just choose all the space left over, in our case 40180MB.Step 9 - Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) 80000MB and Partition 2 (E: Drive) 40180MB. You will also have 8MB of unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just leave it that way. Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder what happened to D: Step 8 - This step is very important. Here we will create the drive. Windows has automatically allocated D: drive to partition where Windows will be installed. If you have a CD/DVD-ROM.brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen similar to

the one below. In our case the drive size is 124903MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without creating a partition, thus using the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this you can just press enter and Windows will automatically partition and format the drive as one large drive.However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 80000MB (C: drive) and second partition would be 40000MB (E: drive). By creating two partition we can either have two windows operating system running in one computer or have one partition running

SKILLS!TRAINING

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<Step 10 - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system.This is the recommended file system. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size files.Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files as shown on the two images below :

Step 13 - Type in your name and organization.

Step 14. Enter your product key. (The key is attached to

INSTALLING WINDOWS XP eighter the cd or the case of the cd)

Step 15 - Name the

computer, and enter

an Administrator

password. Don't

forget to write down

your Administrator password.You can however choose not to enter any administrator's password.

Step 16 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.

Step 11 - After setup is completed copying the files, the computer will restart. Leave the XP CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will

continue. Windows XP Setup wizard

Step 17 - For the will guide you network setting through the setup choose typical and process of gathering press next.>>information about

your computer.

Step 12 - Choose your region and language.

SKILLS!TRAINING

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<Step 18 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave the default Step 23 - Add users settings that will sign on to this and press next. computer and click Windows will restart next.again and adjust the display.

FINALIZING THE INSTALLATIONStep 24 - You will get a Thank you screen to confirm setup is

Step 19 - Finally complete. Click finishWindows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to continue.

.

Step 25. Log in, to your PC for the first time.

Step 20 - Choose 'help protect my PC by turning on automatic updates now' and press next. Step 26 - You now

need to check the device manager to confirm that all the drivers has been loaded or if there are Step 21 - Will this any conflicts. From computer connect to the start menu select the internet directly, or Start -> Settings -> through a network? If Control Panel. Click you are connected to a on the System icon router

and then or LAN then choose: from the System Properties window select the Hardware tab, 'Yes, this computer will then click on Device Manager.connect through a local If there are any yellow exclamation mark "!" next to any of the area network or home listed device, it means that no drivers or incorrect

network'. If you have drivers has been loaded for that device. In our case we have a

dial up modem choose: 'No, this computer will connect directly Video Controller (VGA card) which has no drivers installed.

to the internet'. Then click Next.Your Motherboard should come with a cd (driver cd) supplied by the manufacturer. You need to install these drivers using the

Step 22 - Ready to automatic setup program provided by the manufacturer or you activate Windows? need to manually install these drivers. If you do not have the Choose yes if you wish drivers, check the manufacturers website to download them.to active Windows over To install a driver manually use the following procedure:the internet now. (a) From the device manager double click on the device Choose no containing the exclamation mark.if you want to activate (b) This would open a device properties window.Windows at a later (c) Click on the Driver tab.stage. (d) Click Update Driver button. The Wizard for updating

device driver pops up as shown below:>>

SKILLS!TRAINING

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<You now get two options. The first option provides an automatic search for the required driver. The second option allows you to specify the location of the driver. If you don't know the location of the driver choose the automatic search which would find the required driver from the manufacturer supplied CD or Floppy disk. Windows will install the required driver and may ask you to restart the system for the changes to take effect. Use this procedure to install drivers for all the devices that contain an exclamation mark. Windows is completely setup, there are no more exclamation marks in the device manager again.

Congratulation [S]

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Career opportunity

Installing a software greatly depend on the operating system running on the computer and the program being installed. Due to the different possibilities that exist in installing a software, we have therefore created below steps as guidelines for installing software programs.

: This training is designed as a basic overview on how to install software programs, games, and utilities on your computer. If errors are encountered during the installation, this document will not cover those errors.

PLEASE NOTE

The manuals for the program or the readme file located in the same directory as the install commonly contain exact instructions on how to install a program.

1. After installation or during the installation, a program may need to install other programs, files, or utilities before it is able to run. If this is the case, the program will commonly prompt you to install the program or you may need to run a separate install before the program can be fully used.

General Tips on software installation 2. Carefully specify the drive, folder to install the program1. The first tip is, 'FOLLOW ON

SCREEN INSTRUCTION”. 3. It is always a good idea first to Carefully read any message that close or disable any other appear on your screen before click programs that are running while on a button. installing a program.

2. Make sure your computer meets 4. After installing a new program if it the requirements of the program, prompts you to reboot the game, or utility you are attempting computer, do it.to install.

WELCOME TO GENERAL SOFTWARE INSTALLATION TUTORIAL

We shall continue with Windows Vista and Window7 installation tutorial in our next edition.

Training byDavid Edojah08137845812

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When you ask the achievement" aims? This might include questions such question "what as:·Unconscious motivation factors career is right for Skills:Having the right skill set is the ·If and when you want to start a me?" there are a key that opens the door to many careers. family and "settle down" number of things The skills you acquire are the result of: ·Whether you want a single job to take into · for the rest of your life or have Your innate ability or aptitudes,

account: developed by: the option to change career Personality: Is there a good match ·The training you receive ·Do you eventually want to set between your personality and chosen Values: This might include: up your own business or climb career? This can have a significant the ladder inside a large ·The lifestyle you want impact on whether you find your work organisation ·Your beliefs, religion or ethical fulfilling. There are two main aspects to ·When do you want to retire? guidelines you follow take into account: whether the career Opportunities: Deciding what you ·The type of organisation or matches your personality (that is, how want to do is of no use unless there are people you want to work for much you work within your preferences) opportunities for you to pursue. You can ·The product or service you and to what extent you will need, at find opportunities through actions such want to contribute towards times, to stretch outside your preferred as:Constraints: These might include:style.

·Responding to advertisements ·Financial commitments or Motivation:This is one of the most for jobs or vocational limitations important factors for long term career training/sponsorship ·The geographical location satisfaction. Find a job that motivates

·Unsolicited approaches to where you can work you and you've found the right career. organisations to see if there are Motivation covers a wider range of ·Family responsibilities any vacancies topics, such as: ·Physical disability or restriction

·Networking through people ·Your interests ·Your qualifications/education you know to get referrals

·What gives you a "sense of Ambitions: What are your long term ·Creating your own business [S]

Write to our expert or e-mail us at Skills! Magazine career centre, Hemgbe Plaze, East/West Road, by Wazobia FM, Rumuosi, Port Harcourt, Rivers State or email us at [email protected]. Please Note that not all letters can be answered on this page and our expert cannot personally reply to letters.

WHAT IS FOR ME?

CAREER RIGHT

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safety comes first in any carpentry has no effect on me. I can pick it up all takes is the wrong swing with the job or project that you may come day. But the worst was when I hammer and the nail is flying into across. Without proper safety dislocated my shoulder. I was out of some unknown direction. Without the

precautions carpenters get hurt, work for months and my shoulder 3 proper protection someone can get sometimes to the point where their years later still has pain every now and hurt because they are not practicing carpentry career comes to an end due to then. carpentry safety. their injury. I've seen this happen many In carpentry safety it's the carpenter's There are tons of rules, tips and times on different jobs. In my opinion, duty to wear safety glasses and a hard techniques to follow each time there were two people at fault hat if required at all times. It's a fact All in all think before you lift; ask - the employer and the employee - both that the majority of work that someone to help you if it is too guilty of negligence, not paying carpenters do require safety glasses. heavy, be careful using the utility attention to the unsafe condition that One man told me he was screwing a knife it can slice your finger. And be resulted in an accident. According to metal stud and a piece of metal shaving aware of your surroundings. some, most work related injury is went into his eye I asked him if he was Woodworking can be a safe and related to rush. People rush to get the wearing safety glasses and he told me enjoyable hobby or vocation, IF you job done. no. follow some very basic woodworking

I have experienced a couple injuries The carpentry job has had an effect safety rules. All of the rules are myself in the past. One was pulled back on my eyes to the point where I have to common-sense ideas, but failure to muscle. I could not move for a week wear my safety glasses. Anytime I'm follow these rules will greatly because I was in so much pain. While I working or just on the job managing it I increase the chance of injury when was laughing and joking with the realize that things happen and it can get working with your tools. The wood foreman he asked me to pick up a small crazy. shop is not the place to be in a hurry steel plate. The piece weighed 65 I have installed ceiling tiles, and out or have an "it won't happen to me" pounds. I thought it weighed only ten. of nowhere a nice size piece of tile falls attitude. Commit these ten rules to That's when I pulled my muscle. I in my eye and it gets stuck there for one habit, and your woodworking pulled another muscle laughing while long hour. It really sucked. experiences will be safer and much picking up a sheet of gypsum board. Carpenters may be swinging their more enjoyable.Normally the weight of gypsum board hammer putting nails into wood. All it

SAFETY IN THE CARPENTRY WORKSHOP

SKILLS! SAFETY

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1. Always Wear Safety Equipment

8. Always Work Against the Cutter

5. Try Using One Extension Cord

2. Wear Appropriate Clothing

9. Never Reach Over a Blade to Remove Cut-Offs

6. Use Sharp Blades & Bits

3. Avoid Drugs and Alcohol

10. Avoid Distractions

7. Always Check for Nails, Screws and Other Metal

4. Disconnect Power Before Blade Changes

or bit on a power tool, always disconnect beginning a cut. Nails and rapidly the electricity to the power tool before spinning saw blades are not a good mix.

The first and most important rule of even beginning the blade change. (Don't Not only can this damage the cutting woodworking is to wear appropriate just check to see that the switch is off, as head and the stock, but at the very safety equipment. While hearing a switch could get bumped or minimum, can cause the stock to kick protection is necessary for some very malfunction.) back, which is a common cause of noisy tools such as routers and surface Many a woodworker has lost fingers injury. Inspect the stock (or better yet, planers, and latex gloves may be (or worse) by forgetting this simple but use a metal detector) before cutting.necessary when applying finishes, there very important rule. I've seen is no time in the wood shop that you woodworkers even go as far as to affix Woodworking Power Tools are should be without your safety glasses. the wrenches to the power cables so designed so that the direction that the Put them on when you enter the shop, there is NO chance they'll forget to wood moves through the tool (or the and don't take them off until you leave. disconnect the power. direction that the tool moves across the Your eyesight is too important to take wood) is in the opposite direction of the chances. Here's a tip I've used regularly in the movement of the cutting head. In other

past. For all 110-volt power tools in the words, a router bit or saw blade should Whenever working in the wood shop, shop, I use one heavy-duty extension cut against the motion and not with it.

remember to avoid loose-fitting cord. Not one per tool, but one TOTAL. The cutter should cut into the stock, not clothing, as you wouldn't want any of This way, I'm forced to switch the cord with the stock.your attire to become entangled in a saw from tool to tool before the tool can be blade or cutting head. Wear clothes that used. In this manner, you are always are comfortable for the environment in remembering to plug and unplug the When working on a Table Saw, Miter which you're working, but also will power when moving from one tool to Saw, etc., never put your hands protect your body from any wayward another, and you'll be more cognizant of anywhere near the moving blade, wood chips that might result from the need to disconnect the power when especially when attempting to remove cutting. Before beginning, remember to making bit or blade changes. waste or cut-offs. Wait until the blade remove any dangling jewelry such as has stopped moving and THEN reach for neck chains or bracelets. This one seems like a no-brainer, but a the cut-off. Better yet, once the saw

dull cutting tool is a dangerous tool. If a blade has stopped, use a piece of scrap Intoxicating substances and saw blade is not as sharp as it ideally or a push stick to move the waste away

woodworking are a dangerous mix. Stay should be, the tool and the woodworker from the blade. Remember that switches out of the wood shop if you are even will have to work harder to complete the can be inadvertently bumped or remotely under the influence of any desired task. In such cases, the tool will malfunction, so just because the blade intoxicants. be more likely to kick-back or bend. has stopped, don't relax and put your

While it may seem harmless for the Besides, a sharper cutting tool will hands too close.weekend woodworker to crack open a produce a cleaner cut, so there are more beer (or six) while working on a project, than just safety advantages here. Keep Distractions are a part of everyday avoid the temptation until you're the blade sharp and clean of pitch, and life, and working in the wood shop is no finished with the woodworking. You're you'll be safer and have better results. different. When you are summoned or going to be much less likely to distracted while in the middle of encounter a problem if you're clean and performing an action with a power tool, sober when working with your power Another no-brainer tip which doesn't remember to always finish the cut to a tools. bear mentioning, so that's why I'm going safe conclusion before dealing with the

to mention it: Always check the stock distraction. Taking your attention away you're preparing to cut for any metal from the woodworking tool is a recipe

Whenever you need to change a blade (nails, screws, staples, etc.) before for disaster.[S]

SKILLS! SAFETY

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Personal SkillsHInterpersonal Skills

Entrepreneurial Capabilities

ave you ever them break you. ·Practical Skills. thought that Also, you can't get too stressed about We'll look at each category separately.running your own individual project failures: Not business might be everything does work out the way you for you? expect. The key is to make sure that The first things to look at are your Entrepreneurship you've got a good supply of projects in personal characteristics, values, and has brought great the pipeline – some of them will work beliefs. Do you have the inner spirit

success for some, but it's not a career out, sometimes spectacularly.characteristic of successful path for all. Being in control is great, entrepreneurs?however the idea of owning and ·Vision – Can you see opportunities operating your own business is often Running your own business is all about for improvement in things, and can more glamorous than the day-to-day working with people. You have to you quickly see the big picture? realities. So, do you think you can communicate with and satisfy employees, ·Drive and persistence – Are you handle the stress, hard work and customers, suppliers, shareholders, highly self-motivated and energetic? emotional ups and downs that it has investors and more. Your ability to And are you prepared to work very, brought to others? communicate with them is critical to very hard for a very long time?

A great idea alone is not sufficient for entrepreneurial success. The types of ·Initiative – Do you instinctively business success: The key to success is interpersonal skills you need to be good start projects, and can you quickly your entrepreneurial ability to produce at are:see where improvements need to be results. So, before embarking on your ·Communication skills – Are you made? first business, it's worth spending some competent with written ·Commitment – Do you see projects time evaluating your own preparedness communication? through to completion?for entrepreneurship, as well as ·Listening – Are you able to really ·Control – Do you enjoy being in preparing a great business plan and then hear what others are telling you?charge and making decisions?carefully evaluating whether the ·Teamwork – Do you work well with ·Risk tolerance – Are you able to proposed business is likely to be viable. others on projects, and are you able make decisions when facts are

to delegate and empower others to uncertain?get things done?

·Resilience – Can you recover from Some of the most common questions ·Leadership and motivation – Are failure?on the subject of entrepreneurship are, you able to encourage and inspire ·Self determination – Do you prefer "What characteristics determine who others to follow you and your

situations where personal initiative will be a successful business owner?" vision?determines success? and "Why does one person take

·Conflict resolution – Are you able to While we are born with a certain successful advantage of an opportunity work through your own conflicts temperament or personality, the traits while another person, who's equally with others and help others resolve listed here can certainly be fine-tuned. knowledgeable, does not?"conflicts among themselves?However, trying to change your Do entrepreneurs have a different

·Personal relations – Do you possess personality completely is much more genetic makeup? Or do they operate basic positive human traits like difficult – some might say impossible. from a different vantage point that empathy, sociability, cooperation, When assessing your entrepreneurial somehow directs their decisions for consideration and tactfulness?personality, be aware of areas where you them?

·Negotiation – Are you able to are completely at odds with the "average While many studies have been done collaborate with others to reach a entrepreneur," as you'll need to be able to on the subject, there are no real win-win solution to differences in compensate for possible weaknesses in definitive answers. What we do know is position? these areas. that successful business owners seem to

·Ethics – Do you have high standards Perhaps the most important personal have certain traits in common. These and a record of dealing with people characteristic for an entrepreneur is the traits fall into four categories:based on respect, integrity, fairness ability to accept your own mistakes. ·Personal Skills.and the truth? Many entrepreneurs only start succeeding ·Interpersonal Skills.

Interpersonal skills are developed over on their second, third, or fourth ·Critical and Creative Thinking time and some people are more gifted in businesses. You have to be able to Skills.this area than others.>> withstand the disappointments and not let

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW TORUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS

SKILLS! ENTREPRENEUR

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<Fortunately, these skills can be general knowledge in the main more successful you will likely be.learned and developed, and you have to functional areas of a business Having said that, there are many be committed to changing your (marketing, finance, operations)? successful entrepreneurs who are behaviors and reactions. The more you impulsive, vulnerable to risk, and ·Entrepreneurial knowledge – Do work with people, the better you become belligerent with employees and you understand how entrepreneurs at deciphering the complexity of human customers; others have no business raise capital?relationships. The first skill you need is knowledge and have simply hired the ·Opportunity-specific knowledge – self-awareness, followed by effective talent they needed. Do you understand the market you goal setting and evaluation. The desire to be an entrepreneur are attempting to enter and what

probably trumps all the characteristics needs to be done to bring your mentioned. Alone, though, this desire is product or service to market? not sufficient. This is where your analysis Entrepreneurs need a well-developed ·Venture-specific knowledge – Do comes in. set of critical thinking skills to organize you know what needs to be done to

and administer a successful venture. As ·Talk to as many successful make your business successful? an entrepreneur, you must be able to find entrepreneurs in your community or And do you understand the the necessary information to support industry as possible, and find out to specifics of the business you want wise decisions about a venture. what they attribute to their success, to start?

and how they see the world. ·Creative thinking – Are you able to Unlike personality traits, interpersonal see situations from a variety of ·Using the list above and any new skills and creative thinking, which perspectives and present original attributes you gather, identify your depend to some degree on inherent ideas? own talents, skills and qualities. capabilities and aptitudes, you can

·Problem solving – Are you able to develop your practical skills to whatever ·Reflect on each and identify areas develop good solutions to the level your commitment takes you. of weakness. problems you are facing? To gather the knowledge you need to ·Develop goals to improve your

operate a business, you can either learn ·Opportunity identification – Do skills and capitalize on the strengths from the school of hard knocks, or you you recognize trends and are you you currently have.can learn from others who have started able to generate plans for making ·Look at your skill areas and ask companies similar to the one you are your ideas practical and doable? yourself: contemplating. Learning by starting your Creativity and innovation require ·How can these work together? own company is riskier but quicker, discipline and are based on a discrete set ·What is realistic for me? while working in someone else's venture of skills. This means that you can learn

·What is my lifestyle preference?defers the time when you can start up on to improve your creative thinking skills

As you work through your analysis, a your own, but can equip you with the and break out of traditional thinking

decision will probably come to you. You knowledge and skills you need to make a patterns. Read our Introduction to

may feel you are ready to take the plunge success of your own business.Creativity Skills for specific methods to

into your own venture. You might decide Getting experience at someone improve your creativity.

to wait and develop your skills further. else's expense is a great idea. If you want You may even decide that to run a restaurant, consider working as a entrepreneurship is not for you.waiter, maitre d' or restaurant manager, to The final components of Whatever your choice, it has to be the learn what works and what doesn't in that entrepreneurial skills are the practical right one for you. Owning one's own business.skills and knowledge you need to business is not for everyone. Go through

However, if you do choose to learn produce goods or services effectively, the analysis now instead of risking a lot more about your venture by working for and run a company. of capital and time, only to find out later another start-up, be aware of non-·Goal setting – Do you regularly set that this career option doesn't fit with compete clauses in your employment goals, develop a plan to achieve your desires and innate talents. contract. In some jurisdictions, these can them and then carry out that plan?be very restrictive, and you don't want to ·Planning and organizing – Do you While there is no one "right" risk your future business by violating the understand the talents, skills and set of characteristics for being a rights of another entrepreneur. abilities necessary to achieve your successful entrepreneur, there are general

No one is born a great planner or goal goals? And can you co-ordinate traits and practical skills that are setter. And nobody has innate knowledge people to achieve them efficiently indicative of the potential for success. of a business. You learn these things and effectively. By examining your own personal through study and application. To learn ·Decision making – Are you strengths and weaknesses and comparing more, read our articles on Goal Setting, confident in the decisions you these against those of a "generalized" on Action Plans and on Decision Making.make and do you act on them entrepreneur, you can get a sense of how

effectively? Do you make well this career path will fit with your decisions based on relevant personality and general nature.

Armed with the general information information and by weighing the Remember, becoming an entrepreneur is above about what makes a successful potential consequences? a career decision like any other. Do your entrepreneur, it is your job to evaluate ·Knowledge – Do you know enough homework, look at your needs and yourself against these basic about business to be successful? desires, and then decide whether this is characteristics. The harder you are the career for you.[S]·Business knowledge – Do you have willing to work to fill in the gaps, the

Critical and Creative Thinking Skills

Tip:

Practical Skills

Key Points:

Is Entrepreneurship for You?

SKILLS! ENTREPRENEUR

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A LOOK ATINTERIOR DESIGN

INTERIOR DESIGNER OR DECORATOR?T

he design business to existing furniture and measure and provide a healthy, safe and enjoys strong demand windows for draperies, etc. comfortable physical environment."as people continue to The keywords here are "professionally buy or move into new trained and qualified." It is expected that homes, and remodel only those who have met or exceeded a old ones. The interior certain level of accredited education, and

An Interior Designer is someone design business is a go- in some case are licensed, can be called "professionally trained to create a out of your house kind of home business. an Interior Designer.functional and quality interior While doing the business aspects inside If you do not have the qualifications environment. Qualified through the home, most of the sales will be done and education, you can still work on the education, experience and examination, at the client's home or office as you interior design business but you would a professional designer can identify, evaluate the space, match color swatches call yourself as a Decorator instead.>>research and creatively resolve issues

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TYPES OF INTERIOR DESIGNERS

PRICING STRUCTURE

START-UP COSTS

MARKET FOR INTERIOR DESIGN

specifying of interior materials and N2000.products used in private residences. In You also need to buy books of The design business is multi-faceted. terms of scope and contract amount, samples, which are the lifeblood of a You can either work as a product-driven residential jobs are often smaller, but design business. Manufacturers of designer or as a design consultant.offer a higher profit margin particularly wallpapers, paint and carpets produce The product-driven designer is a if you are marketing the products to be samples costing about N4000 to N6000 hands-on designer who combines the used in designing the rooms. each representing various products in all task of conceptualizing the look of the

Commercial jobs, on the other hand, sorts of design and colors. Try given space with marketing a wide are often much bigger in scope but the negotiating with sales representatives, as variety of products. This is the common bidding that often accompanies the they can give some of these sample track of start-up designers. The designer contract can push down your profit books for free, particularly if they see often markets various products and even margin. Commercial design covers a the potential that you can sell their offers free design advice if the client wide variety of specialties, such as product.buys all of the products from him or her. entertainment (e.g. movies, theater, When looking for samples, be careful Buyers of their products are often videos, theme parks, clubs, dramatic of companies that will require you to allotted a certain number of hours of and musical theater); facilities purchase preselected samples on a free design advice; if more time is management (e.g. office moves or monthly basis - even if you don't need it. needed, a per hour fee is charged. A

The assumption is that you run a showroom to keep all the unused samples. Wallpaper and large fabric companies are particularly notorious for this practice.

Fee structures vary widely, depending on the designer, complexity of the project, geographical location and a host of other factors. Some of the ways interior designers charges for their services include:· Fixed fee (or

flat fee) -- The designer identifies a specific sum to cover costs, exclusive of reimbursement for

product-driven designer also charges a expenses. One total fee applies to expansions); government/institutional per hour rate to customers who seek the complete range of services, (e.g. government offices, embassies, their advice but buys products from from conceptual development museums), health care (e.g. hospitals, another company. A hefty percentage of through layouts, specifications and nursing homes, long term care the designer's income is generated from final installation. facilities); retail or store planning (e.g. product sales. ·Hourly fee - Some designers boutiques, department stores, malls, If you have worked in the business for charge based on the actual time food retailing centers); a long time with an established spent on a project or specific hospitality/restaurant (e.g. country reputation and a long list of references, service, with fees ranging from clubs, hotels, cruise ships); and officesyou can focus on offering design- N15,000 to N30,000 per hour.

consulting services instead. You will not ·Percentage fee -- Compensation is sell or market any product, but instead computed as a percentage of offer advice about the design of a room An interior design business requires construction/project costs. or an office. You are selling your design basic office supplies and equipment ·Cost plus -- A designer purchases expertise, and not any product. such as computers, telephones, and fax. materials, furnishings and services

In addition to the standard word (e.g., carpentry, drapery processing and spreadsheet software, workrooms, picture framing, etc.) invest in AutoCAD software to present There are two types of market for at cost and sells to the client at the more professional looking design interior design: residential and designer's cost, plus a specified solutions to clients with three-commercial. Residential interior design percentage agreed to by the client. dimensional realism. AutoCAD focuses on the planning and/or The service charge often varies.>>software can cost from N1000 to

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How about appealing to Realtors with ·Retail - Others charge their clients Office Furniture, Kitchen Cabinets, the concept of Home Staging? This is a the retail price of furnishings, Window Treatments, Color, Antiques, great way to network with Realtors, a furniture and all other goods they Artwork and Residential Furniture are great source of potential referrals.get wholesale, keeping the just a few that fall under marketing with Even if you do specialize, in let's say difference as designer's fee and a product focus. window treatments, you can generate services. Retail establishments

awareness by taking advantage of the offering design services commonly When you sell by style, you sell based growing interest in smart homes.use this method. With this method, on your own unique talent. Examples of As you can see, using a niche as a clients get the designers services at style include: Modern, Traditional, way to develop a market strategy is an a price no greater than he or she Classic, Youthful, Tailored and Elegant. effective way to bring awareness to the would have paid for the products

target market that you exist. Look at at retail. You can target a certain group of the your strengths and find a strategy that ·Per square foot - Often used for market such as: Retiring Baby Boomers, will make the world take notice.[S]large commercial properties, the Newly Divorced, those relocating for charge is based on the area of the their work, Those moving to a new project. apartment and those planning for Some other designers require a occasion.retainer fee before the start of a design

project. A retainer is an amount of A clever way to finding your niche is money paid by the client to the designer through offering great solutions to and applied to the balance due at the common and difficult problems. You termination of the project. can specialize in: Home Staging and Designers that offer free cost offering solutions to the Disabled, estimates charge for the measurements assisting in decoration that is not yours.made, if customers do not intend to use Now let's address the objection of the designer plan and request for the limiting your offerings and narrowing measurements.your market

What is unique about the interior design business is that you never do the

I propose that you look at each of same job twice. It will be hard to place a these niche opportunities as potential specific price on individual projects. marketing strategies rather than a What you will earn from a job that narrow product offering.requires redecoration of an entire room

You can actually have several from the carpet, wallpaper to upholstery marketing strategies working at the will be different from a job that requires same time. Your decision to choose any you to put up drapes to ten windows.one of these niches is not a lifetime decision. If you find that a particular niche is unsuccessful; you can cut your

If you are trying to create a message losses and focus on a new strategy. In that appeals to anyone that may be fact, as you will soon see, you will want interested in any form of Interior to rotate your niche strategies in order to Design, you are spinning your wheels grow your business.and wasting your resources. The idea of having a niche is to create

The best way to gain awareness is by awareness about your company, and marketing through the strategy of awareness happens when you can create developing your niche. The biggest a story. It's a fact that stories sell, just objection most have to this idea is that providing information does not. The they do not want to box themselves into beauty of working with niches is that a narrow offering. However, this is not you can create awareness on several the case when you use a niche to create fronts at the same time. It is a marketing awareness. strategy, not a straight-jacket.

I have a list of 5 different strategies to Let's try putting together a few develop a niche: marketing strategies based on the above

options. You can put together a There are dozens of industries that you campaign that appeals to the Retiring can focus on to develop a market for Baby Boomers with a message about the your company. Here are only a few: importance of color in the home. You Law offices, medical offices, health have a great demographic and a care, hotels, restaurants, day care message about color that will create centers and much more. awareness about your company.

2) By Product

3) By Style

4) By Demography

5) By Solution

INCOME POTENTIALNiche Marketing Creates Awareness

MY MARKET STRATEGY:

1) By Industry

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PLACE YOUR

ADVERT

HERE

Page 34: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

STARTING AWALL PAPERINGBUSINESSJUSTICE BONNY OF RECHYGRANT GLOBAL LOGISTICS SERVICES

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What kind of business ae you into? I What are the challenges you faced am into wall papering, perfume making, and how did you overcome them? making of liquid soaps and paints. Convincing people that wall papering is Let's talk about wall papering, what superior to painting was really a is it all about? Wall papering is an challenge. How do you convince uncommon skill; it's a kind of wall somebody that has not heard of or seen a finishing that is not well known in papered wall before? It wasn't an easy Nigeria. It gives your home a beautiful task. I had to go from one office to look. It is much more superior to paint. another, one hotel to another and one What inspired you to go into wall building to another trying to get people papering? I tried looking for to give me wall papering contract. construction contracts from one Thank God I am not a shy person, so I Government offices to another, but non was bold in approaching them. I had to was forthcoming, until a friend of mine use different marketing strategies to be who learnt wall papering in Ghana told able to overcome the challenges I faced. me about it. I was instantly interested. In wall papering, we have what is called How did you start off this line of pattern matching. It takes skill to be able business? I started by learning the skill to match patterns perfectly well. It with a wall papering establishment in should blend so well that you cannot tell Abuja. where one roll ended and where another How long does it take one to learn? I started. If you misplace the patterns, have passion and zeal for the business your work comes out looking very ugly.so it took me just four days to master it. You said something about the Just like any other business, you need to uniqueness of wall papering have passion and love to for it to compared to wall painting, how is it succeed. So without passion and love unique? Wall papers come with for wall papering, you can spend as long wonderful designs, it does not peel off as six months without making headway. easily, and it can last for as long as How long has your company been in 30years. You don't need to paint your operation? Two and a half years. walls virtually every year. It cleans What does it take to get this line of easily, even when kids write on them, all business of the ground? Like I said you need do is soak a piece of cloth in earlier, you need to have passion for the water and wipe off the stains and it is business. You need also to have good back to normal. It perfectly covers up communications skill to be able to blemishes on walls, like cracks or convince your client that you are good uneven masonry work.at what you do. You can start off with What is your educational little or no cash. All you need do is to background? Right now I am doing a convince your clients to have their part-time programme in Public homes, offices and hotels wall papered, Administration at University of Port get the money for the materials from Harcourt.[S]them and you proceed from there.

Justice Bonny is the director of Rechygrant Global Logistics Services. Rechygrant Global Logistics Services is a creative production company that specializes in skill acquisition training of persons who wants to be self employed, but don't have a fortune to spend in the process. In this interview, Mr. Justice Bonny tells us what Wall papering is all about, how he started, the challenges he faced, how he overcame them and what it entails to start up a wall papering business. By Edith Osaye

Page 35: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

GRAPHIC WALL PAPER

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“What is The Role of Skills in a Sustainable Development?”

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REFLECTIVE FLOWER PATTERN

CARPET PATTERN WALL PAPER

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PATTERNED AND PLAIN BORDER WORK

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BRICKS WALL PAPER PATTERN

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GRAPHIC WALL PAPER

TWO COLOURED BORDER WORKBRICKS WALL PAPER PATTERN

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Try to imagine getting a brand Moreover, you will have the photos on new digital camera then hand and on the spot as soon as you buying a few megabytes have them taken.

memory card to store all the pictures Here are some of the features you you will take in and you surely see should have to check if you are looking yourself getting to take some really for a portable photo printer:good shots all over the place, taking At least 4800 x 1200 resolutionphotos of everything: the street, your Ability to print heavy papers.garden and your neighbor's house etc. Photo enhancing abilities should be Got the idea? Your family wouldn't included in the driverwant you and the printer anymore A handy photo display and editing because you will probably consume all software.the costly inks. It is also good to have additional tools

You would surely want the ideal such as the tiniest LCD screens to photo printer with full colors and high preview the photos before you even resolutions printing plus the benefit of have them printed. Make sure to have a you printing directly from the memory media card reader to be able to print card you have. directly from your memory card.

These factors are all possible these Another useful thing would be the days. If you are the type of person who capability of the printer to connect to just wants to show off the photos you the digital camera. And to achieve best have taken right there and then to your results, it would be better to have relatives, it will be better for you to borderless printing avoiding borders have one of those portable photo that seem to widen the photos.printers. It is best if you have your own, Every photography enthusiast should avoiding denial of usage of the printer consider the things mentioned above in that the family owns. order to achieve the best results in your

The disadvantage to this is that you newly-acquired hobby that others may would get different quality compared to not want to share with you. You never those printed from a greatly efficient can tell what you could do in the future printer. But, it will still be really close. regarding photography.[S]

HOW TO START A CAREER AS A PHOTOGRAPHER

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T

Cake Icing

Royal IcingFlavour Variations

Recipe:

Method

Method

Tips on Baking Cakes

here are few who can resist the over mix as this will result in a 4. Use good quality ingredients, eggs temptation of a slice of cake and tough cake. must be fresh and flour should be many confess an addiction to it. 5. Add the flavor, lemon rind, milk dry. Make sure all ingredients are

Cake baking is a useful skill that can and mixed fruit. at room temperature.add value to the life of any who 6. Mix gently until just blended. The 5. Always follow the recipe develops a passion for it. Cakes are consistency should be soft enough carefully; never guess quantity, associated with celebration, joy, and to drop from the spoon. time or temperature.fun. 7. Pour the batter in the cake tin 6. Allow cake to cool in the tin. This

already greased and lined with makes handling easierHere is a basic recipe for an 8 inch baking paper.

cake. 8. Bake at 160 degrees Celsius for 1.5 Margarine 250grams (1 cup) hrs There are three basic types of cake 5 eggs 9. Lower the temperature and bake for icingSugar 250grams (1 cup) a further fifteen minutes. ·Royal icing Flour 2 cups 10. Insert a clean knife or a skewer into ·Buttercream icingLemon rind, 1 teaspoon the center of the cake and if it ·Fondant icingVanilla flavor 2 teaspoons comes out clean, the cake is ready!Baking powder 2 teaspoonsMixed fruit I/2 cup (optional)Brandy 1/8 cup (optional) Chocolate: for the recipe above, replace

Icing sugar 500gMilk 1 or 2 teaspoons ¼ cup of flour with ¼ cup of non Eggs 2 egg whites

alkalized cocoa powder.¼ teaspoon of lemon juice

Soak mixed fruit in brandy 12 to 24 Coconut: add 100 grams of desiccated hours before you begin baking. coconut.

Put the egg whites in a bowl and whisk 1. Cream margarine and sugar until slightly.light and fluffyMeasure the lemon juice and add it to 2. Gradually add the beaten eggs, 1. Collect all apparatus needed before the bowl containing egg whites.creaming continuously. If the hand. Grease cake pans with Sift in the icing sugar a portion at a mixture begins to curdle, add a margarine, line with grease proof time.little flour. paper and grease the paper.Using a wooden spoon stir the mixture 3. Sieve the flour and baking powder 2. Use accurate measurements. Weigh and add sufficient icing sugar to get a together. all ingredients carefullythick cream and beat well.4. Fold in the flour gently, using 3. Always work in a clean and Leave to stand for an hour before cutting and folding motion. Do not hygienic environment.using>>

EASY STEPS to BAKING CAKES

SKILLS!TRAINING

By Ruth Akorhe-Ruthies Oven

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Buttercream icingRecipe

Method

Method

Fondant IcingCake Icing TipsRecipe

3 tablespoons of liquid glucose useIcing sugar 1kg ·Use paste colours to colour icing

delicately. Liquid colours make Icing sugar 500 gramsfondant stickyDissolve gelatin in hot waterSolid white shortening (Crisco) I cup

Add liquid glucose ·Remember that strong colouring Milk 2 teaspoonsSift icing and make a well in the center makes iced cakes look cheap and Vanilla flavor a few dropsPour the gelatin solution into the sugar inferiorand mix into a ball. ·Be sure that the cake to be iced is Cream the shortening until fluffyKnead lightly on an icing sugared board firm and cold. Always coat your Add vanilla and cream well stir in the until smooth silky and pliable cakes with jam, buttercream, icing sugar and beat well after each Store in a sealed polythene bag in a apricot glaze or boiled water additionfridge before covering with sugar paste.

This will help the paste stick to the cake.

·Use good quality ingredients Future articles will deal with cake Gelatin 1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoondecorating techniques.[S]·Always sieve icing sugar before 9 tablespoons of hot water

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SKILLS!TRAINING

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SKILLS!TRAINING

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Page 46: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

When was the last If you take a careful look you will quietness. In a quiet place will come time you were identify this trait in virtually every man your best ideas; for visions build alone? I mean of outstanding greatness. You can't live themselves in quietness, not in the really alone – no in the midst of noise and make the most hustle and bustle of life. According to people, no noise, of this treasure called the mind. Ralph W. Emerson, “none of us will no technology, no The story went of how one day, ever accomplish anything excellent or

distractions whatsoever. Just you and William Henry , Bill Gates III (business commanding except when he listens to your thoughts. Every living thing needs magnate) was busy in one corner his whisper which is heard by him an atmosphere that is conducive for engaged in serious mental repositioning alone.” The greatest riches we posses development. Even plants need the right exercise and his mother went looking for can be found in the heart of that silence, condition to grow, if you want to get the him everywhere. She called out, 'Bill! for it allows us to connect with our inner best results or harvest. In the same vein, Bill! Where are you”? No sound, no needs and it is only then we can hear the anyone who wants to achieve greatness response. When she located him in his whisper of our hidden wishes. needs to be mindful of maintaining a corner, she asked him what he was doing conducive atmosphere for mental there; his response was, “I am thinking! development through being alone in a Don't you think? Thoreau said “I never found the quiet environment. Today, we can see the results of those companion that was as companionable

Inspiration which is the catalyst for times of being quiet and alone by as quietness.” unique intelligence requires quietness. himself. This story goes to show how What I mean by solitude (quiet time) Every one of us needs plenty of time spent alone underlies greatness. is time spent alone being quiet enough quietness to get the most out of this Austin Phelps, in the Still Hour, wrote, that thoughts and inspirations can come precious gift called the mind. Many of us “It has been said that no great work in up. A time of solitude is a time when need to take a trip from the crowd, the literature or in science was ever wrote by you are not focused outward. It is time hustle and bustle of life to find answers a man who did not love solitude.” Great spent unwinding and rebalancing to that nagging issue and locate the way visions come from being quiet, still, ourselves. out. often alone, to spend time in solitude and Do you spend time along with

reflection. We live in a crazy rat-race yourself or are you one of those people world. Find a place where you can enjoy who never stops…….. always running,

Home Grown

Bill Gates Discovered a Way Out

THE POWER OF SOLITUDE“Only in quiet waters do things mirror themselves undistorted. Only in quiet mind is adequate perception of the world”- Hans Margolius

MOTIVATION

46 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

Page 47: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

time of solitude. That's a time of the day what anybody else says, you just have to Without exception, the men and women no one is allowed to disturb you seeing it listen to your inside. With a worry free I have know who make the most rapid, is used to tackle priority items on your mind you can accomplish more than you consistent and evident growth as schedule. I am someone who needs ever thought possible. Take time to be achievers have been those who develop a solitude as much as I need to eat, sleep quiet and reflective for a few minutes daily time of being alone with and breathe. If I don't have the time and each day. themselves. This habit is not easy to space to think then I begin to feel I am develop because we lead busy lives. Jim slowly unraveling. I absolutely must Elliot, a missionary martyr said, “I think have a time of solitude. Without it, I the devil has made it his business to We live in a rat-race world where become scattered, fragmented and monopolize on three elements; Noise, everyone is in a rush to get somewhere. superficial. I greatly agree that people hurry, crowds. Satan is quite aware of Whenever you find yourself hurrying, have to find their own balance between the power of silence.” Our days are call a halt. It is never easy to shift into time alone and time spent with others, usually filled with more than enough neutral, slow down and turn off the because not everyone thrives in the same noise, plenty of hurry and demanding adrenal rush of daily survival. However, environment. people. Unless we plan for daily times of rushing here and there does not mean we

Sometimes it's hard to stay quiet and silence, these things will rush in to fill are moving forward. In honesty, like a alone. In fact, most of us don't have our time like water into the titanic. more than a minute or two that's quiet the whole day. Unless we are taking a test at school, an interview or busy on To different people, quiet time can the job, we are always talking to mean having time to reflect on life's someone or listening to the radio or journey and mystery or to be in the watching the television. But, spending presence of God. For some, it is simply a time by yourself in quietude is chance to experience silence or to something that everyone needs to do encounter nature. This write up is to every day. If you are unable to spend enable you discover the vast potential time with yourself then you begin to you have been endowed with by God. A be dependent on others to fill the time of solitude enables you to ponder space in between. questions you cannot find time or space

to address elsewhere. Those who spend time alone by themselves return to the

Determine to locate specials places world better and stronger persons. They which can be used for silence; within the caged animal, most of us are going in are renewed and bring to their lives a home, within walking distance, within a circles. Stop and take stock time. Doing heightened sense of balance and focus. few minutes' walk in the woods or in the this allows you to reinvent yourself into Alone time then is essential for living very centre of a community. Being alone your heart's dream. The saying that life well – to the fullest.gives us the power to regulate and adjust “those who refuse to think today, will our lives. It can teach us fortitude and sink and stink tomorrow” rings true. the ability to satisfy our own needs. A Retreat. Think. Reflect. You are destined 1. Alone time enable you to become restorer of energy, the stillness of alone for greatness in life. Ralph W. Emerson alert, more responsive and more experience provides us with the much said, “The great man is he who in the aware of your potential and needed rest. It brings forth our longing to midst of the crowd, keeps with perfect capabilities. Some of the greatest explore, our curiosity about the sweetness the independence of solitude.” men have had quiet time. This is so unknown, our will to be an individual, Set quality time aside to think about true that no further explanation is our hopes for freedom. Alone time is creative ways to improve your present necessary to illustrate what a fuel for life. position and move forward to peak focused mind can do.

performances come through pondering. 2. It allows us to function more When you are alone and relaxed efficiently, creatively and happily

brainstorm your present position. You In a world where almost everyone in all facets of life.will be amazed at the ideas that spring to conforms to and joins the crowd, the 3. It allows the opportunity to weed light. Although good relationships are individuality of individual is fast out the accumulative residue of valuable, don't underestimate the becoming history. For the man who meaningless living so as to importance of solitude; the ability to wants to achieve anything worthwhile, reestablish significance in life.enjoy and find creative strength in your he should not forget we come into the So, friends, quit the crowd today, own company. To be alone with yourself world alone, we die alone and all during discover your inner power and kit up for is a necessary component of many life there are hundreds of thousands of great success![S]creative activities that requires you to moments when we are alone with our draw from your own inner depth. Every own thoughts, feelings, discouragements achiever must know that importance of and despair and it is in that very disciplining himself to be alone. By now, aloneness that we get to sit with the point should be obvious: to be a great ourselves, know ourselves, talk to achiever you must discipline yourself to ourselves and grow into stronger people.find times of silence and solitude. Sometimes, you don't have to listen to

Who Calls the Shots?

The Diamond Field

Treasure in the Woods

Benefits of Solitude

Brink of Extinction

By: Kazeem AdebiyiAuthor: “FAILURE IS NOT AN OPTION. 7 Positive Steps to Greatness”.08068738091

“The great man is he who in the midst of

the crowd, keeps with perfect sweetness the

independence of solitude.”

- Ralph W. Emerson

MOTIVATION

47 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

Page 48: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

You don't need a fancy trading station, off of a stripped down or “naked” price fake the indicator movements for the nor do you need any expensive chart. Most indicators are derived from sole reason that so many losing traders indicators that will simply confuse you the actual prices on the chart, so they use them to base their trade decisions. and trick you into entering bad trades. are in fact, giving you information on That alone should tell you that they are With price action trading breakout, all past price movements. All economic a losing game in most cases.you need is a single chart, and a few data that leads to price movement trend lines. Anything more than this and within a market is first turned into a How do I apply price action to the you will only make trading more belief in the human mind about how forex market?difficult. this data will affect the market and this The first step you need to take to apply

belief is then turned into an action from price action trading to the forex market Here at Price Action breakout system, a trader which reflects itself via price is to setup a clean “naked” price chart, we teach price action trading, which action on a price chart. In this way price take off all indicators.will work on any chart and in any action trading reflects all variables of

Messy charts vs. clean “naked” price market, as well as, on any time frame. any market for any given period of action chartsThere simply is no "better" way to time. This is also the reason why using

trade. Using price action as your main lagging price indictors like stochastics, If you have been trading for a while you trading tool will clean up your charts MACD, RSI, and others is just a flat are probably using numerous and remove the clutter that normally waste of time. Price movement provides on your charts that are no creates confusion and indecision for all the signals you will ever need to doubt confusing you and are one of the traders. Basing your trades on price develop a profitable and high- main reasons why you are still action aids you in finding reliable probability trading system. unsuccessful. Take a look at the two reasons to enter a trade, while also Why would you want to base your charts below and ask yourself which giving you clear and precise trading trades on past information, when the one seems more logical and less information. most important factor in trading is what stressful to make trading decisions

prices are doing right now, and what from?What is Price Action Trading? they are most likely to do in the very

A messy chart with some of the most Price action trading is the art and skill near future? There are some traders and

popular lagging indicators.of making all of your trading decisions some large institutions that actually

lagging indicators

AN INTRODUCTION TO PRICE ACTION BREAKOUT TRADING SYSTEM BY EGBOH ONYEDIKAJAH

A messy chart with some of the most popular lagging indicators.

61 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

SKILLS! ENTREPRENEUR

Page 49: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Doesn't it seem a little silly to movement, all markets operate indicators only analyze past use a messy chart when you in “future time”, this means data and display it to you in a could learn to trade off a clean market participants enter trades second-hand format that is less price action only chart? Trading based on what they believe will clear and less precise than price is hard enough with out a messy happen to a certain security in action. The bottom line is that chart full of lagging indicators, the future. break out there is just no logical stop fooling yourself by is the best indicator of the explanation for using lagging believing they are helping you. aggregate belief of all market indicators. Price action setups are the best participants. What happened in takes into account predictor of future price the past is the past, lagging all market variables.

Price action

Price action break out analysis

A clean price action only chart.

49 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

SKILLS! ENTREPRENEUR

Page 50: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Collins Ohwavborua Will not let go

THIS JOWEL!

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50 www.skillsmagazine.org skills! Magazine

For your events, call skills! Events Today08137845812, 07032905257

Page 51: SKILLS MAGAZINE VOLUME TWO

Odoh Blessing Ohwavborua Collins Ohwavborua&

SKILLS! EVENTS

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