The Skeleton

Projekt Globální vzdělávání pro UR reg. č. CZ.1.07/1.1.00/14.0143

Exoskeleton�external

�found in many invertebrates

�enclose and protect the soft tissues and

organs of the body

Endoskeleton

Vertebretes

• Function: internal support structure of an animal, protection of internal organs,enables movement

• Tissue: ligaments, cartilage, bone

• consists of both fused and individual bones supported

• supplemented by ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage

• Human skeleton: about 206 bones

The limbs

• have the same origin,

but adapted to the

environment and to the

way animals move

Parts of skeleton1. Human skull (Cranium)

2. Chest• Sternum (1) • Thoracic

cage (25)• Ribs (24)

3. Appendicular skeleton(Bones of upper limbs

and bones of the leg)

Human skull (Cranium)

Function: protection of the brain, visual, olfactory, and auditory organs of

equilibrium, receivie and dispense substances

Vertebral column (32-34)

• The spine has evolved from cartilageChorda dorsalis.

• Chondrichthyes have a skeleton of cartilage throughout life. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals have connective tissuehardened by CaCO3, Ca3 (PO4) 2

• The human backbone is S-curved twice.

• The pedicles (from Latin pediculus, "small foot“)

• vertebrae (C1 – C7)

• vertebrae thoracicae (Th1 až Th12)

• vertebrae lumbales (L1 až L5)

• vertebrae sacrales (S1 až S5)

• vertebrae coccygeae (Co1 až Co3-5)

The Appendicular skeleton

Function:

� move

� Body shape

� Protection

Sources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_skeleton• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png• http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soubor:Gray112.png• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_leg_bones_labeled.svg• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arm_skeleton_comparative_NF_0102.5-2.png• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_%28bone%29• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_skull_side_simplified_%28bones%29.svg• http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/skull• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Appendicular_Skeleton.png• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_front_en.svg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Lidska_kostra_p%C5%99ed

ek_cz.svg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Beaver_skeleton.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7b/Heiyantuduwa_Raja's_Skeleton.jpg• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Hym-

myrmicinae.gif/250px-Hym-myrmicinae.gif• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/ElephantSkelLyd2.png

Gymnázium Globe, s.r.o.:

SCIENCE