SKELETAL SYSTEMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRI3MxWJ7tY

http://www.abcya.com/skeletal_system.htm

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Objective: By the end of the lesson students will be able to list (3) bones in the body, as well as explain (2) functions of the skeletal system.

Fun Questions

•How many bones are in the human body?

•What is the largest bone in your body?

Key Point:The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue!

Have You Ever??• Broken a bone?? 1 minute share with the person sitting behind/in front of you!

Who is he? What’s his story?

5 Main Functions

•1. Provides support for the body•2. Protects internal organs from damage.

•3. Acts as framework for attached muscles.

•4. Production of red and white blood cells

•5. Allows movement of limbs

2 main parts of skeletal system

•1. Axial•Center of skeleton

•Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine

•2. Appendicular •All the limbs outside the axial skeleton

Types of Skeletons

TYPES OF SKELETONS

Bone Types• LONG – primarily used to support weight.

• Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)

Bone Types•SHORT – support weight and allow small movements.

• Examples ankles and wrists

Bone Types•FLAT – for protection and support.

•Examples ribs, shoulder blades (SCAPULA), breastbone (STERNUM)

Bone Types• IRREGULAR BONES – protection of nervous tissue

• Examples Vertebrae (backbone) protect spinal cord, mandible (jaw), sacrum

Anatomy of a Long Bone

•1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone•2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone

Long bone picture

2 Layers of Bone

•1. Periosteum – Outer layer•Dense, thick, and hard

•2. Endosteum – Inner layer•Less dense bone that is sponge like.

JOINTS

http://www.sportmed.mb.ca/uploads/pdfs/What%20we%20knew%20-%20What%20we%20know.pdf- statistics

- Slightly moveable – vertebra and ribs

Defined: Points at which bones meet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCCD52Pty4A

Types of Joints

• 1. Joint – a location in the body where two or more bones meet to enable movement.

• 2. Ball and Socket Joint• Enables wide range of motion• Example – shoulder and hip

• 3. Hinge Joint• Lesser range of motion than ball and socket• Example elbow and knee

• 4. Pivot Joint• Enables rotation of head and forearm

Ball and Socket Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

There are 3 types of connective tissue:1. Cartilage – strong, flexible cushion between the bones (knees, hips, etc.)

Connective Tissue2. Ligaments – attach bone to bone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNvtEMTF6YE

3 Types of Connective Tissue

• 3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE to BONE!• Achilles tendon in back of your foot

http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1729646-a-closer-look-at-the-acl-as-tears-continue-to-run-rampant-in-the-nfl

Problems of Skeletal System

•Fracture – any type of break in the bone•1. Hairline Fracture – parts of the bone do not separate

Problems of Skeletal System

•2. Transverse Fracture – when the break is completely across the bone

Problems of Skeletal System

•3. Comminuted Fracture – bone shatters in more than 2 pieces

•4. Compound Fracture – break in bone punctures the skin

Problems of Skeletal System

• 4. Osteoporosis – condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue• Bones weaken and become brittle• Caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium

• Milk and other dairy products are excellent sources.

• Weight training and physical activity help increase bone mass

Osteoporosis• http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKVKNqIOnh0&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHyeZhcoZcQ&feature=related

Problems of Skeletal System

• 5. Scoliosis• Lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine.

• Depending on how serious, can be treated by light exercise, a special brace, or surgery.

Scoliosis

Problems of the Joints

•1. Dislocation – bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach bone to bone

Problems of the Joints

•2. Arthritis – inflammation of a joint, resulting from natural wear and tear

Problems of the Joints

•3. Carpal tunnel syndrome – ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, pain, and weakness in the hand. •Caused by normal wear and tear – typing, writing, etc.

Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System:

1. Have a healthy diet

2. Wear protective gear

DAIRY

Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System:

3. Get regular check-ups

4. Do weight bearing exercises

VertebraePelvis

1. Label each bone2. Color each bone3. Place each bone in

correct location4. Be neat

SKELETAL ASSESSMENTOption 1: 1. Create a bone song/dance (maximum of 3 group members) Include:

(3) major functions of the skeletal system

(6) different bones in the body (2) joint types and examples (3) types of bones (3) ways to care for your skeletal

system

Option 2: 2. Create/label a full size skeleton (maximum 3 group members) Include:

Draw/label major bones in the body (see skeleton in notes

Write (3) major functions of the skeletal system

(3) ways to care for you skeletal system.

Option 3: 3. Create a bone skit (maximum 4 group members) Include: (At least 2 minutes in length)

(2) major functions of the skeletal system

(6) different bones in the body (2) joint types and examples (3) types of bones (3) ways to care for your skeletal

system

Option 4: 4. Create your own story about “Skeeter skeleton” (maximum 2 group members) Include:

Setting, time/place, characters (3) major functions of the skeletal

system Discuss (6) different bones in the

body (2) joint types and examples (3) types of bones (2) ways to care for your skeletal

system