SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 6. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.2 FUNCTIONS...
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Transcript of SKELETAL SYSTEM Chapter 6. © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.2 FUNCTIONS...
SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 6
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 2
FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
• Supports body structure and provides shape to the body
• Protects internal organs• Allows movement and anchorage
of muscles• Provides mineral storage• Allows hemopoiesis
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 3
STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF BONEFORMATION OF BONE
• Bones consist of microscopic cells called osteocytes
• Ossification is the process where mineral matter starts to replace cartilage, creating bone
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 4
STRUCTURE OF LONG BONESTRUCTURE OF LONG BONE
• Diaphysis is the long, hollow cylinder of hard, compact bone
• At each end of the diaphysis is an epiphysis
• The medullary canal in the center, is filled with marrow, and is surrounded by compact or hard bones
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 5
STRUCTURE OF LONG BONESTRUCTURE OF LONG BONE
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 6
STRUTURE OF LONG BONESTRUTURE OF LONG BONE
• The endosteum is the lining of the marrow canal that keeps the cavity intact
• Periosteum, a tough, fibrous tissue containing blood vessels, lymph nodes and nerves covers the outside
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 7
GROWTHGROWTH
• Bones grow in length and ossify from the center toward the extremities
• Osteoblasts are bone cells that deposit new bone
• Osteoclasts are bone cells that secrete enzymes to dissolve bone structure
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 8
BONE TYPESBONE TYPES
• Four types of bones are:– Long bones - upper and lower arms
and legs– Flat bones - skull and ribs– Irregular bones - spinal column– Short bones - wrists and ankles
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 9
PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Axial Skeleton consists of:– Skull– Spinal column– Ribs– Sternum (breast bone)– Hyoid bone
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 10
PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
• Appendicular Skeleton– Shoulder Girdle– Arm– Hand– Pelvic Girdle
– Upper Leg– Lower Leg– Ankle– Foot
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 11
PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 12
JOINTS AND RELATED JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
• Diarthroses (movable) joints– Ball-and-socket joints– Hinge joints– Pivot joints– Gliding joints
• Amphiarthroses (partially movable) joints
• Synarthroses (immovable) joints
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 13
JOINTS AND RELATED JOINTS AND RELATED STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 14
TYPES OF MOTIONTYPES OF MOTION
• Flexion• Extension• Abduction• Adduction• Circumduction• Rotation• Pronation
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 15
DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE BONES AND JOINTSBONES AND JOINTS
• Fracture– Greenstick– Closed/simple– Open/compound– Comminuted
• Dislocation• Sprain
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 16
DISORDERS OF THE DISORDERS OF THE BONES AND JOINTSBONES AND JOINTS
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 17
DISEASES OF THE BONESDISEASES OF THE BONES
• Arthritis: – Rheumatoid, Osteoarthritis
• Gout• Rickets• Slipped (herniated) disk• Whiplash injury• Abnormal curvatures of the spine
© 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc. 18
OTHER MEDICALLY RELATED OTHER MEDICALLY RELATED DISORDERSDISORDERS
• Osteoporosis• Osteomyelitis• Osteosarcoma