• Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs

• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain

• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles • Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate• Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis

• Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula

• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial

bones• Sesamoid- patella

Location Vocabulary Superior - toward the head Inferior - away from the head Anterior - the front of the body or

body part Posterior - the back of the body or

body part Medial - toward the midline that

divides left and right Lateral - to the side away from the

midline Proximal - closer to the torso Distal - farther away from the torso

Cervical Vertebrae (7)

Thoracic Vertebrae (12)

Lumbar Vertberae (5)

The Vertebral Column

Sternum

True Ribs (7)

False Ribs (3)

Floating Ribs (2)

The Thoracic Cage

Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

HumerusUlna

RadiusCarpals

MetacarpalsPhalanges

The Upper Limb (Forelimb)

FemurPatellaTibia

FibulaTarsals

MetatarsalsPhalanges

The Lower Limb (Legs)

Pelvic Girdle

metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals

metatarsals

phelangies

tarsals

Diseases of the Skeletal System:

Osteoporosis- bones become lighter and fracture easier

Factors: • age, gender (more in women)• estrogen and testosterone decrease• insufficient exercise (or too much)• diet poor in Ca++ and protein• abnormal vitamin D receptors• smoking

Osteoporosis

29 40 84 92

Rickets- vitamin D deficiency

Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D

Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling

Rheumatoid arthritis- inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues

Diseases of the Skeletal System:

Model Skeleton

- Cut out pieces and glue together- May need to trace and cut out limbs duplicated (Legs, Arms, Hands, Feet…)

- Label all the parts from your notes- Personalize: Give him/her name, accessories