Skeletal & Muscular Systems

Form and Movement

Engage What is Osteoporosis????? Complete the osteoporosis

questionnaire.

Engage Deboned

What would happen if humans did not have bones? Your body would be limp like a rag doll. Could you stand up? Could you walk?

Without bones in your body, you would be like the blob.

As a class we will observe two bones that were soaked in two different solutions.

Deboned

Similarities Differences

Explore The Calcium Test Students will test various types of

materials to determine the presence or absence of calcium.

Explore Computer Lab http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp You will visit the above website and

answer questions while navigating through the narrated skeletal system section

Explain What are the 5 Main Functions of the

Skeleton

1. provide structure and support for body

2. protect internal organs

3. make blood cells

4. store minerals

5. attachment for muscles for movement

Skeletal Systems Exoskeleton Endoskeleton

Exoskeleton external skeleton Arthropods and Mollusks Arthropod’s skeleton is made of a

material called chitin and must be shed to permit growth.

Mollusk’s skeleton is made by the mantle from calcium carbonate.

Endoskeleton Internal skeleton Grows with the organism Made of cartilage or a combination of cartilage and

bone. Ossification – replacing cartilage with bone around 7

months before birth Osteoclasts – break down bone Osteoblasts – form bone tissue Contains 2 parts : axial and appendicular areas.

Skull

Sternum

Ribs

Vertebral column

Metatarsals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

RadiusPelvis

Ulna

Carpals

Femur

Patella

Fibula

Tibia

Tarsals

Phalanges

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Structure of Bone

Spongy bone

Compact bone

Periosteum

Bone marrow

Haversian canalCompact

bone

Spongy bone

Osteocyte

Artery

VeinPeriosteum

Structure of Bones

Solid network Living cells Protein fibers Deposits of Calcium Salts

Part of Bone

1. Marrow Yellow – fat cells Red – RBC, WBC, Platelets

2. Periosteum - Outer connective tissue – tough 3. Compact bone

Haversian Canals Tubes carrying blood vessels and nerves

4. Spongy bone Less dense; inside compact bone; ends of long bones and

middle of short, flat

Structure of Bone

Spongy bone

Compact bone

Periosteum

Bone marrow

Haversian canalCompact

bone

Spongy bone

Osteocyte

Artery

VeinPeriosteum

Joints One bone attaches to another Three types

Immovable (Skull) Slightly Movable Freely Moveable

Freely Moveable Joints

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Saddle Joint

Clavicle

Ball-and-socket joint

ScapulaHumerus

Femur

Patella

Hinge joint

Tibia

Fibula

Humerus

Radius

Pivot joint

Ulna

Metacarpals

CarpalsSaddle joint

Joint StructureMuscle

Tendon

Femur

Patella

Bursa

Ligament

Synovial fluid

Cartilage

Fat

Fibula

Tibia

Joint Structure Tendon – Muscle to Bone Ligament – Bone to Bone Synovial Fluid – lubricating film

Bursa – small sac of synovial fluid Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa

Bone Diseases Osteoporosis Leukemia Vitamin D deficiency

Elaboration Best Bones Interest Project Questionnaire