Skeletal & Muscle Unit

Notes

How many bones does the human skeleton contain?

206

Functions of the skeletal system

Give shape & support

Protect internal organs

Moves muscles

Form blood cells

Store calcium and phosphorous

Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone

Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken

Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves

Marrow: manufactures red blood cells

Bone Cross Section

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/fig81.jpg

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/bone/bone.htm

Skeletal System

is divided into

two parts

Axial Skeleton

Skull (protects the brain).

Ribs ( protect lungs, and heart).

Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).

Appendicular Skeleton

Legs

Pelvis

Arms

Shoulders

Types of Joints

Immovable

Skull

Pelvis

Movable

Pivot

Ball & socket

Hinge

Gliding

http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg

Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips

Allows arms and hips to move in any direction

Can move in a full 360 degrees

Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow

Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other

Hinged: Elbows & Knees

Move like hinges on a door

Limited movement

Can only swing back and forth

Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles

Slide against each other in a gliding motion

Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom

Immoveable joints are located in the:

How many muscles do we have?

Over 600 muscles

http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissue

Cardiac.jpg

http://www.bio.psu.edu/

http://www.bmb.psu.edu

http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/

muscle.html

Muscle Fiber

Muscle

Myofibril

Inside a Muscle

Vocabulary

Appendicular

The part of your skeleton made up of your arms, legs, pelvis and shoulders.

Axial

Part of your skeleton that includes skull, ribs, and spinal column.

Vertebrae

Irregular bones that make up the spinal column

Cartilage

Smooth tissue that acts as a buffer between bones.

Ligaments

Tissues that fasten your bones together

Calcium

The mineral found in bones

Periosteum

The outer covering of bones.

Ball and Socket

These joints are found in hips and shoulders.

Gliding

These joints are found in fingers and the spine.

Immoveable

This type of joint is found in the skull and is fixed.

Pivot

These types of joints are found in the head and arms.

Voluntary

These muscles can be controlled consciously

Involuntary

These muscles can be controlled unconsciously

Skeletal

Muscle tissue that is attached to bones and causes movement.

Smooth

This type of tissue lines the walls of many organs and are involuntary.

Cardiac

Muscle tissue found in the heart.

Tendons

These tough bands of connective tissue connect bones to skeletal muscles.

Strain

An injury caused when a muscle is over stretched.

Cramp

This can be painful and is sometimes caused by too much exercise and not warming up properly.

Hinge

These joints are found in elbows and knees.

http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg