Functions of Skeleton System

Skeletal system provides a structure for the body. It includes a vertebrae of spine and supports upper body and head.

Types of Bones Small bones-includes bones in legs and armsShort bones-bones in wrist and anklesFlat bones-In skull and protect organs like the

rib cageIrregular bones-facial bones or vertebrae

bones

http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/biology/humananatomy/skeletal/skeletalsystem.html

Joints• Joints are the point were bones meet.

Types of Joints

• Ball-and-socket joints- formed when a rounded head of one bone

fits into the rounded cavity of an jointed bone.

• Hinge joints-would include elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers.

Allows bone to bend and straighten

• Pivot joints- allow limited rotation or turning of the head

• Ellipsoidal joints- bone in wrist, and a oval shaped part that

fits in a curved space, the joints slide over each other

• Saddle Joints – two directional movement; between thumb and carpal

• Gliding – least moveable (side to side); between vertebrae

Care of the Skeletal System

Ways to care for the Skeletal system is to eat foods that contain calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, they can help prevent the development of certain skeletal disorders.

Problems of the Skeletal System

Problems of the skeletal system can be a result of poor nutrition, infections, sports, and recreational injuries and poor posture. Osteoporosis and dislocation of the joints are also other problems of the Skeletal System.

Vocabulary• Osteoporosis- is a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs• Scoliosis- a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine• Repetitive motion injury- is a damage to tissues caused by prolonged, repeated

movements such as computer work

FracturesHairline fractures- is where the fracture

incompleteTransverse fracture- a fracture that is

completely across the boneComminuted fracture- is were the bone

shatters into more than two pieces. JointsDislocation- is when the ligaments attached to

the bone are torn or out of placeTorn cartilage- is a sharp blow or twisting of

the jointArthritis- inflammation of the joint and is a

result of natural wear and tear

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of

bone structureOsteoporosis is NOT a natural part of aging

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease

There is increased risk for women, post-menopausal,

over age 65All races, sexes, and ages

are susceptible to Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is preventable and treatable!

If you have arthritis, you may experience:Joint painJoint swellingReduced ability to move the jointRedness of the skin around a jointStiffness, especially in the morningWarmth around a joint

Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints, which results in pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement. There are over 100 different types of arthritis.

Symptoms:Backache or low-back painFatigueShoulders or hips appear unevenSpine curves abnormally to the side (laterally)

Scoliosis is a curving of the spine. The spine curves away from the middle or sideways.

Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that causes a bowing of the back, which leads to a hunchback or slouching posture.

Rickets is a disorder caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones.

Bone pain or tendernessDental deformities

Decreased muscle tone (loss of muscle strength)

Progressive weaknessImpaired growth

Increased bone fracturesMuscle cramps

Short stature (adults less than 5 feet tall)Skeletal deformities

Asymmetrical or odd-shaped skullBowlegs

Breastbone pushed forward (pigeon chest)Pelvic deformitiesSpine deformities

Osteosarcoma is a cancerous (malignant) bone tumor that usually develops during the period of rapid growth that occurs in adolescence, as a teenager matures into an adult.

Bone fracture (may occur after what seems like a routine movement)Bone painLimitation of motionLimping (if the tumor is in the leg)Pain when lifting (if the tumor is in the arm)Tenderness, swelling, or redness at the site of the tumor

Functions of the Muscular System

Involuntary Some involuntary functions of the muscular

system are muscles to help you breathe, make your heart beat, and help move food through the

digestive system.

Voluntary Some voluntary functions of the muscular

system are like playing piano, running, playing video games, and throwing a ball.

Vocabulary

Smooth muscles- acts on the lining of passageways and internal organs.

Skeletal muscles- these are attached to the bone and cause body movements

Cardiac Muscles- is a type of striated muscle that forms the wall of the heart

Problems of the Muscle System

Bruise- is a area of discolored skin that appears after an injury.

Tendonitis- is a inflammation of the tendon, caused by injury or over use aging

Hernia- when a organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak muscle.

The Muscular System