SIXTH FORM AS AND A LEVEL SUBJECTS - Francis … level Paper 1 comprises three compulsory sections:...

SIXTH FORM AS AND A LEVEL SUBJECTS

CONTENTS

Contents 1

Introduction 2-3

AS AND A LEVEL SUBJECTS

The Extended Project Qualification (EPQ) 4

Biology 5

Business 6

Chemistry 7

Classical Civilisation 8

Drama and Theatre Studies 9

Economics 10

English Literature 11

Fine Art 12

Geography 13

History 14

History of Art 15

Latin 16

Mathematics 17

Further Mathematics 18

Modern Foreign Languages 19

Music 20

Music Technology 21

Photography 22

Physics 23

Psychology 24

Religious Studies (Philosophy and Ethics) 25

DESTINATION OF LEAVERS 26-27

A LEVEL RESULTS 28

Francis Holland School Page 1

INTRODUCTION

This guide is designed to accompany Francis Holland’s Sixth Form Prospectus. It provides information about the A level subjects and AS level subjects taught at the school.

ENTRY INTO THE SIXTH FORM

Girls at Francis Holland are usually able to move automatically into the Sixth Form after taking their GCSEs. We also welcome candidates from other schools, who are assessed on reports from their schools, written tests and interview and GCSE predictions. The minimum entry requirement for all is 6 GCSE passes at A*- B, with preferably at least A grades in the chosen A level subjects, as those with lower grades are likely to find the Sixth Form course challenging. Both internal and external candidates may compete for Academic Sixth Form Scholarships. These examinations take place in November each year. Scholarships are also awarded for Art, Drama and Music.

SUBJECT CHOICE

Francis Holland provides a wide choice of A level subjects. We always create our timetable after our prospective Sixth Formers have told us their subject choices. This allows us to construct the timetable around the preferences of the girls, rather than asking the girls to fit into a pre-arranged blocking system. This ability to respond to individual requirements is a very important part of our commitment to each girl as an individual. The timetable is drawn up in early summer each year for the following September, so it is important to let us know your requirements by the deadline. The average size of an A level class is around 6 to 8 students; sometimes the numbers are lower and the usual maximum is ten. We are committed to providing a broad range of subjects to cater for the talents, interests and needs of our students.

A LEVEL REFORMS AND AS AND A2 LEVELS IN LEGACY SUBJECTS

As you may already know, governmental A level reforms are being phased in over a three year period. These reforms will begin to take effect from September 2015 and will initially affect the following subjects: Fine Art, Biology, Business, Chemistry, Economics, English Literature, History, Physics, Photography and Psychology. These A level subjects will be linear, which means that all the examinations for the A level will be taken at the end of the Upper Sixth. Additionally girls studying these subjects may take an AS level at the end of the Lower Sixth Year, if this is considered practical and in their best interests.


As with many other schools, Francis Holland is waiting to see the A level and AS level specifications and sample examination papers of the new subjects before making a definitive decision on this. All subjects except those mentioned above will remain modular. This means that girls will take an AS level at the end of the Lower Sixth. The AS level will be a free-standing qualification and will also constitute 50% of the A level.

NUMBER OF SUBJECTS TO STUDY

It is usual to take four subjects in the Lower Sixth and either three or four A levels in the Upper Sixth. Universities continue to make offers on the basis of three A levels and, in some cases, a free-standing AS level.

EXTENDED PROJECT QUALIFICATION AND ENRICHMENT

All Lower Sixth girls follow our Extended Project Qualification (EPQ) programme which teaches the study and research skills required at undergraduate level. This is also a very useful extra AS level (the only one which can be awarded an A*) and it can boost a girl’s university application. Please see details of the course and examination on .


THE EXTENDED PROJECT QUALIFICATION (EPQ) AQA 7993

The AQA Extended Project Qualification (EPQ) is part of the Lower Sixth curriculum for all girls. The EPQ is a stand-alone qualification and is the only AS level which awards the A* grade. It provides an opportunity for you to go beyond the A level syllabus and prepare for university or your future career. It is highly prized by universities which value its high degree of planning, preparation, research and autonomous working. You will all follow a course throughout the Lower Sixth to develop the key skills to prepare you not only for the project but for future research at A level and university.

You may start your project earlier in the year, but the main time to work on it will be after the AS level examinations, in the summer holiday and in the autumn term of the Upper Sixth. You will be free to choose your own topic which may or may not be related to one of the subjects you are studying for AS/A level. You may, for example, want to research an aspect of the subject you intend to study at university.

By taking responsibility for the choice and design of your individual project you will:

• become a more critical, reflective and independent learner• develop and apply decision-making and problem-solving skills• enhance your planning, research, analysis, synthesis, evaluation and presentation

skills• work confidently with new technologies • demonstrate creativity, enterprise and initiative.

The project may involve an independently-researched essay of 5,000 words, or it may be a film, an artefact, a design project or a musical composition and performance. It may relate to the conducting of a scientific experiment or the solution of a mathematical problem. The options are endless.

The project is self-directed and, although you will be guided by supervisors, you are encouraged to work as independently as possible. You will gain invaluable practice in research, organisational and time-management skills. The knowledge and skills gained through the process will also be very helpful in university interviews.

The EPQ course of key skills (approximately 30 hours of study) and the initial preparation of the individual project in the Lower Sixth will be compulsory for every girl. After that, although entering for the full EPQ qualification will not be compulsory, we will strongly encourage you to complete your project in the Upper Sixth.


WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘It’s so important to learn about the world around us.’

BIOLOGY New Specification (Linear A level) AQA 7402

INTRODUCTION

Biology is the study of living things and it is a fascinating subject to take at A level. The course continues and extends GCSE work and builds from biological molecules through cells and organelles, to tissues and organs and how they are all coordinated together to make a whole living organism.

A LEVEL

The A level covers the following topics:

• Biological molecules • Cells • Organisms exchange substances with their environment • Genetic information, variation and relationships between organisms • Energy transfers in and between organisms • Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments • Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems • The control of gene expression

Practical coursework is assessed separately but does not contribute to your final grade.

Paper 1 (2 hours) 35% of A level This paper covers any content from the first four topics above, including relevant practical skills The questions comprise a mixture of short and long answer questions and one extended response question.

Paper 2 (2 hours) 35% of A level This paper covers any content from the second four topics above, including relevant practical skills The questions comprise a mixture of short and long answer questions and one comprehension question

Paper 3 (2 hours) 30% of A level This paper covers any content from any of the topics, including relevant practical skills Questions require structured answers including reference to practical techniques and critical analysis of given experimental data. You will choose one essay from a choice of two titles.

COULD THIS SUBJECT BE FOR ME?

This A level is essential to many careers. So, if you want to become a doctor, dentist, vet, nurse, conservation officer or master brewer, then this is the subject for you. It can also lead to academic research posts, for example in pathology or forensic science. Additionally students enjoy extra activities such as attending lectures at the Royal Society.


BUSINESS New Specification (Linear A level) AQA Business 7132

INTRODUCTION

Business Studies (now called Business) encourages you to develop a critical understanding of entrepreneurship, the dynamics of organisations, including the context in which they operate and the markets they serve, and the concept of adding more value than your competitors. The course covers the process of starting up and running a small business as well as strategies for large businesses that need to undergo continuous change.

A LEVEL

The course covers the following:

• What is business? • Managers, leadership and decision making • Decision-making to improve marketing performance • Decision-making to improve operational performance • Decision-making to improve financial performance • Decision-making to improve human resource performance • Analysing the strategic position of a business • Choosing strategic direction • Strategic methods: how to pursue strategies • Managing strategic change

All three papers assess the entire subject content. Each is worth 33.3% of the total A level

Paper 1 comprises three compulsory sections:

• Section A has 15 multiple choice questions (15 marks) • Section B has short answer questions (35 marks)• Section C has two essay questions (50 marks)

Paper 2 comprises three compulsory data response questions worth approximately 33 marks each and made up of three or four-part questions

Paper 3 consists of one compulsory case study, followed by approximately six questions


This subject offers you a practical and dynamic introduction to the world of business. It allows you to learn a wide range of skills that will enable you to participate actively in society once you leave Francis Holland.


WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘This is such a useful and interesting subject. I have learnt so much.’

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘Chemistry is essential for Medicine but it’s such a fun subject that I would definitely do it anyway!’

CHEMISTRY New Specification (Linear A level)

EDEXCEL 9 CHO

INTRODUCTION

A level Chemistry contains a slightly greater level of mathematical content than IGCSE or GCSE level and it overlaps with some topics taught in Physics and Biology. The subject develops some very useful skills (such as problem-solving, numeracy and practical skills) which can be applied in many other subject disciplines; it also provides a broad scientific background. Chemistry is essential in order to access certain degree courses at university, notably Medicine, Veterinary Science and Natural Sciences.

A LEVEL

The areas of study covered are:

Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table; Bonding and Structure; Redox I; Inorganic Chemistry and the Periodic Table; Formulae, Equations and Amounts of Substance; Organic Chemistry I; Modern Analytical Techniques I; Energetics I; Kinetics I; Equilibrium; Equilibrium II; Acid-base Equilibria; Energetics II; Redox II ; Transition Metals; Kinetics II ; Organic Chemistry II; Organic Chemistry III and Modern Analytical Techniques.

Questions involving the use of mathematical skills in Chemistry contribute to 20% of the assessment. Practical work is assessed through questions in written examination papers. A practical competency assessment is also made by your teachers and reported separately to the A level grade; it will not contribute to the overall A level grade. There are three papers:

Paper 1: 1 hour 45 minutes Total 90 marks

Paper 2: 1 hour 45 minutes Total 90 marks

Paper 3: 2 hours 30 minutes Total 120 marks


The study of Chemistry requires an interest in the subject and an enthusiasm and the commitment to work hard. Ideally, you will have at least an A grade in GCSE Chemistry and a good level of mathematical ability. You will need to develop your ability to work independently and take responsibility for your own progress. Chemistry is the gateway into a number of excellent career choices. Chemistry is essential for many careers in healthcare such as medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy and dentistry. It is also extremely useful in careers in the biological sciences, physics, mathematics, pharmacology and analytical chemistry. Chemistry brings a good balance to your studies if you are doing mainly Arts subjects.


CLASSICAL CIVILISATION OCR H441

INTRODUCTION

Classical Civilisation is the study of the literature, history, culture and art of Ancient Greece and Rome. You do not need any knowledge of Latin or Greek, or to have taken GCSE Classical Civilisation.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: Homer’s Odyssey and SocietyThe principal focus of this unit is on literature, society and values. You will explore oral tradition and the structure of the epic. This includes narrative techniques such as flashback and retardation, supernatural elements such as monsters, the use of realism and fantasy and the concepts of heroism, honour and reputation. Other topics include the historical and archaeological background, the role of the gods, the power of fate and the importance of hospitality and guest friendship (xenia).

Unit 2: City Life in Roman ItalyThe principal focus of this unit is on history, society and values, focusing on the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Ostia through a study of written sources and material evidence. Some examples are: the house of Menander, the forum baths, the tomb of Eumachia, Pliny’s letters, Suetonius’ “Life of Claudius”, and a range of inscriptions.

A2 LEVEL

Unit 3: Art and Architecture in the Greek WorldThe principal focus of this unit is on art, architecture and religion. It is also concerned with society and values. You will explore the stylistic features and development of vases, architecture, and sculpture, both architectural and freestanding; composition, techniques,themes, and the function of art and architecture, including the shapes and uses of vases. Your studies will be supported by visits to the British Museum, and/or the the Cast Gallery at the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge.

Unit 4: Roman Britain: Life in the Outpost of the EmpireYou will focus on the Roman presence in Britain and its impact on the lives of the Britons. Topics include government and administration, towns, villas, roads, art, including sculpture; mosaics and pottery, religion, Celtic tribal society and the Roman army.


If you are interested in examining other cultures and are curious about the origins of many aspects of modern society, you enjoy reading literature, and are good at essay writing, then this is the subject for you! The location of the school so close to the British Museum and the V & A is a tremendous bonus. Girls also often have the opportunity to attend performances of classical plays.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘Reading the Odyssey and the Oedipus story leads to so many connections with History, Geography, Art, Psychology and Philosophy.’ ‘Classics really relates to everyday life. Everything today seems to have its origin in the Classical World’.


DRAMA AND THEATRE STUDIES EDEXCEL 9DR01

INTRODUCTION

Theatre Studies is a very varied course. It provides the opportunity for you to develop your performance skills and your critical ability. You will have the opportunity to work collaboratively and individually on performance work and on written pieces. You will perform and produce highly polished pieces of theatre and develop skills in devising and developing creative ideas. You will attend several theatre productions and learn to appreciate a variety of performance styles.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: Exploration of Drama and TheatreThis internally assessed unit requires you to explore two contrasting plays from different theatre periods. Practical and written work are presented as coursework.You are also required to experience a live theatre performance and submit an evaluation.

Unit 2: Theatre Text in PerformanceThis is an externally assessed unit. The first section requires you to offer either a monologue or duologue. The second section requires you to contribute to a performance by an established playwright.

A2 LEVEL

Unit 3: Exploration of Dramatic PerformanceThis internally assessed unit requires you to create an original piece of theatre. You will provide a log book of rehearsals as part of your assessment.

Unit 4: Theatre Text in ContextThis externally assessed unit takes the form of a two and a half hour written paper. There are three sections to the paper where you evaluate the theatre periods of three plays and the impact of the emergence of the director. You will explore the plays practically in preparation for this final examination.


It is not a requirement for A level Theatre Studies to have studied GCSE Drama although it is an advantage. You should be able to think for yourself and be prepared to develop your own ideas. Much work in Theatre Studies is collaborative so you should also enjoy working with others and be aware of the responsibilities this entails. There is a substantial written component in Theatre Studies which requires you to research material, interpret dramatic theory and review performance works. You are encouraged to take an active interest in theatre by attending productions in your own time in addition to the opportunities provided at school. You will be expected to use your own theatre visits to inspire your own work and to share your insights with the group. Theatre Studies can be a very personally challenging course and a highly rewarding experience.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘It’s much more interesting than GCSE because you get to direct, write, act and explore more things.’

‘We’ve been to such a big range of different productions.’


ECONOMICS New Specification (Linear A level)

AQA 7136

INTRODUCTION

Economics is a popular subject at A level. It combines very well with Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Languages. It is well regarded by university admission tutors and provides a most useful introduction to a wide range of social science courses and careers. Although it is possible to read Economics at university without having studied the subject, there is no doubt that having studied the A level course gives first year undergraduates an enormous advantage. Economics embraces a wide and constantly expanding variety of topics, all of which relate directly to the everyday economic events that shape our lives. You will analyse how consumers decide which combinations of goods to purchase, why firms engage in takeover battles and how they decide what price to charge for their goods.

A LEVEL

Paper 1: Individuals, firms, markets and market failure33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of a data response (choice of two) and an essay section (choice of three).

• Economic methodology and the economic problem• Individual economic decision making • Price determination in a competitive market • Production, costs and revenue • Perfect competition, imperfectly competitive markets and monopoly • The labour market • The distribution of income and wealth: poverty and inequality • The market mechanism, market failure and government intervention in markets• The national and international economy

Paper 2: National and international economy 33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of a data response section (choice of two) and an essay section (choice of three).

• The measurement of macroeconomic performance • How the macro economy works: the circular flow of income, AD/AS analysis, and

related concepts • Economic performance • Financial markets and monetary policy • Fiscal policy and supply-side policies • The international economy

Paper 3: Economic principles and issues33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of a multiple choice section and a data response section.


You need a sound mathematical ability to be successful in this subject. You should also be genuinely interested in current affairs, including regularly reading a national newspaper, watching news and current affairs programmes, and researching current economic events on the Internet. You should enjoy discussion and debate.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘I think everyone should study Economics because it helps you make sense of the world.’


ENGLISH LITERATURE New Specification (Linear A level)

OCR H472

INTRODUCTION

A level English Literature is designed to prepare students for further study by encouraging a comparative approach to texts, supported by literary criticism. You will have the opportunity to develop as a confident, independent and reflective reader of texts and to express your responses effectively on paper and in class.

A LEVEL

Paper 1: Pre-1900 Drama and Poetry – 40% of the total A level; 2.5 hours examination

• Section 1 Shakespeare – study of one play from the following: Hamlet, Measure for Measure, Richard III, The Tempest, Twelfth Night or Coriolanus

• Section 2 Pre-1900 Drama and Poetry – comparative study of one play and one poetry text. Text choices are as follows:

• Drama – Marlowe, Edward II; Webster, The Duchess of Malfi; Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer; Wilde, An Ideal Husband; Ibsen, A Doll’s House

• Poetry – Chaucer, ‘The Merchant’s Prologue and Tale’; Milton, Paradise Lost Books IX and X; Coleridge, Selected Poems; Tennyson, Maud; Rossetti, Selected Poems

Paper 2: Comparative and Contextual Study – 40% of the total A level; 2.5 hours examination

• Teachers will select from the following five topic areas: American Literature 1880-1940; The Gothic; Dystopia; Women in Literature; The Immigrant Experience. Girls study at least two novels within the selected topic and the examination comprises an unseen critical appreciation task as well as an essay task on the two novels studied

Coursework: Post-1900 Literature – 20% of the total A level; two essay tasks; three texts (one poetry; one drama; one prose – one of these will be a post-2000 text)

• Task One: a 1000 word critique of an extract from one of the three texts • Task Two: a 2000 word comparative essay, informed by critical and contextual

reading and research, on two texts


A level English Literature is intended to build on the skills that will have been successfully demonstrated at IGCSE or GCSE English Language and Literature: in particular, the ability to read closely for meaning and form coherent, structured arguments on paper and in discussions. If you have enjoyed the study of Literature at IGCSE or GCSE and are passionate about reading – both in terms of set texts and wider reading / research – you will be well suited to A level English Literature. Developing the ability to critique texts, consider relationships across texts and explore social, cultural and historical contexts that shape texts prepares you well to study English at university and also supports other subjects in the Arts and Humanities.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘As a student of English Literature, I love History, and as a historian I love English: they go so well together.’

‘We read such a wide range of works. There’s something for everyone.’


FINE ART New Specification (Linear A level) AQA 7202

INTRODUCTION

You will be introduced to a variety of experiences exploring a range of fine art media, techniques and process. This is essentially a practical course, although a significant proportion of the total assessment is devoted to the research demonstrated in sketchbooks and an in-depth appreciation of art.

You will be required to work in one or both of these areas of Fine Art:

• Painting and drawing• Mixed media, including collage and assemblage

A LEVEL

The A level consists of 2 components:

Component 1: Personal Investigation (60%)

This is a practical component supported by written material. You are expected to develop a personal investigation based on an idea, issue, concept or theme leading to a final outcome.

• The practical work should be linked to some aspect of contemporary or past practice of artists, designers or craftspeople.

• The written work should be no less 1000 and no more than 3000 words• The Personal Investigation will be assessed as a single component.

Component 2: Examination (40%)

This is an externally set 15 hour examination. The question paper consists of a choice of eight questions to be used as starting points, of which you will choose one.

The work will be moderated in June by a visiting AQA moderator.


Most importantly, you must have a passion for the subject as the course will be challenging but very rewarding. You will need very good organisational skills and the ability to meet important coursework deadlines. You may also be interested in experimenting with computer applications and software to develop your work. You should be prepared to use your half term and summer holidays to complete important sketchbook work, research and relevant photographic shoots. You are also very strongly encouraged to attend the residential trips abroad; in the past we have had inspirational trips to Madrid, Rome, Paris, Berlin and Nice. Art combines well with History of Art, as a good knowledge of different periods and cultures is invaluable when researching and developing different periods and subjects.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘Art is the perfect subject to take with my two A level essay subjects’.

‘Art is so important if you want to go on to do Fine Art, Design or, in combination with A level Mathematics, Architecture’.


GEOGRAPHY

EDEXCEL 9GE01

INTRODUCTION

Geography is a very versatile subject at A level, bridging the gap between the Arts and Sciences and combining well with almost all other subjects. It develops a sophisticated knowledge and understanding of many of the controversial issues that face our world today. The subject is relatively practical, and various forms of fieldwork and research will be carried out during the two-year course. Studying Geography develops many highly useful transferable skills. For example students frequently present their research findings using power point presentations. Geography is counted as a Science by university admissions tutors, thus potentially widening the number of university courses available to you.

AS LEVEL

The AS course consists of two examined units:

Unit 1: Global ChallengesTopic 1: The World at Risk (examines the nature of environmental hazards)Topic 2: Going Global (examines the various aspects of globalisation)

Unit 2: Geographical InvestigationsTopic 1: Extreme Weather (looks in detail at climate change and its impact upon global weather)Topic 2: Rebranding Places (considers the changing roles and images of both rural and urban areas) Each unit is tested by one examination paper. For Unit 2 fieldwork is carried out in different locations.

A2 LEVEL

The A2 course consists of two examined units:

Unit 3: Contested PlanetThis unit consists of six contemporary issues, studied in outline rather than great depth. The examination paper uses assessment in two ways: two short essay style questions and a section based on pre-released materials.

Topic 1: Energy Security (contested energy supplies and alternative energy sources)Topic 2: Water Conflicts (potential water wars and conflicts over resources)Topic 3: Biodiversity Under Threat (the human impact on the world’s ecosystems)Topic 4: Superpower Geographies (the roles of the USA, EU, and the BRIC countries)Topic 5: Bridging the Development Gap (relations between rich and poor countries)Topic 6: The Technological Fix (how new technology effects emerging economies)

Unit 4: Geographical Research This unit involves one chosen topic studied in depth: Tectonic Activity and Hazards. It will be examined using pre-released material.


It is not necessary to have studied GCSE Geography to succeed at A level. If you are interested in what is happening in the world, enjoy interpreting maps and diagrams, have a good sense of place and an enquiring mind, then you would be ideally suited to this course.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘I love debating and making presentations in Geography. I have travelled quite a lot with my family and I like being able to bring my experience of the world into the lessons.’


HISTORY New Specification (Linear A level)

Edexcel 9HI0

INTRODUCTION

This course covers British, European and World History. The A level is made up of four units, three of which will be assessed in written examinations at the end of the course, and one coursework unit. These units offer considerable variety in terms of perspective and depth of study. You will have opportunities to develop analytical and critical skills, learn how to construct structured arguments, address historical claims and debates, and reach judgements by analysis and evaluation. Lessons are mostly in the style of seminars, giving you the opportunity to offer your own views and discuss your own research.

A LEVEL

Paper 1: Breadth Study with InterpretationsPaper 1 has two focuses: themes and historical interpretations. The four themes focus on developments and changes over a broad timescale and provide context for the historical interpretations without duplicating content. You will answer questions that target knowledge and understanding of the period, and analyse and evaluate historical interpretations.

Provisional choice of Unit: (1B) England, 1509 – 1603: Authority, Nation & ReligionAssessment: 2 hours 15 minutes; 30% of the total A level

Paper 2: Depth StudyPaper 2 focuses on depth, requiring more detailed knowledge and understanding of the topic, and over a shorter time period, than Paper 1. Based on four key topics, you will answer questions that target knowledge and understanding of the period, and analyse and evaluate sources.

Provisional choice of Unit: (2B.2) The Dutch Revolt, c. 1563 – 1609Assessment: 1 hour 30 minutes; 20 % of the total A level

Paper 3: Themes in Breadth with Aspects in DepthThe ‘themes in breadth’ focus on developments and changes over an extended timescale of at least 100 years. You will answer questions that target understanding of long-term changes. The ‘aspects in depth’ require a more in-depth understanding and you will answer questions that target knowledge and understanding of the period, and analyse and evaluate sources.

Provisional choice of Unit: (35.1) Britain: Losing & Gaining an Empire, 1763 - 1914Assessment: 2 hours 15 minutes; 30% of the total A level

Paper 4: CourseworkYou will carry out an independently-researched enquiry to analyse and evaluate interpretations. The assignment focuses on a question, problem or issue that has generated disagreement among historians.

Provisional choice of Unit: 20th Century European or World History TopicAssessment: 20 % of the total A level

COULD THIS SUBJECT BE FOR ME? A level Historians should have IGCSE or GCSE History (it is very unusual to do A level without this) and an analytical turn of mind. You should be enthusiastic about the subject, ready to engage in debate, good at constructing arguments and drawing conclusions, willing to read around the subject and be prepared to carry out independent research.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘History is always interesting and challenging. You learn to analyse material for yourself and think and work independently.’


HISTORY OF ART AQA 2251

INTRODUCTION

The study of Art History is never-ending and the subject is a delight because it involves looking at, and thinking about, the splendid products of the human imagination. Although the course concentrates on painting, sculpture and architecture, the History of Art is a study of all forms of visual communication from antiquity to the present day.

We take full advantage of Francis Holland’s central London location and you will make numerous visits to the permanent collections (at the National Gallery, Tate Britain, Tate Modern, and so on) as well as to the great number and variety of exhibitions which take place each year. You will also make trips abroad to study at first hand the buildings, sculpture and paintings which students otherwise know only through reproductions.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: Visual Analysis and InterpretationUnit 2: Themes in History of Art The AS course is a broad introduction to the subject and covers many of the periods of western art from classical to modern times. The course considers the principal styles of art and the role of the patron. It places each artist and his work within his or her historical context. You will compare works by different artists of the same genre (landscapes, still lifes or portraiture, for example). You will consider the relevance of the gender of an artist, the part artists’ lives may play in their work and the materials used. In the examination, Unit 1 tests your ability to analyse a work of art visually and critically and Unit 2 considers art in its historical context.

A2 LEVEL

Unit 3: Investigation and Interpretation 1Unit 4: Investigation and Interpretation 2During the year, we offer an in-depth study chosen from two historical periods of Western Art from the fifteenth century to the present day. For example, you may study Italian Art of the 16th century in the Autumn term and French Art of the 19th century in the Spring.


A student of A level History of Art needs enthusiasm and an inquiring mind. Essentially an essay- based subject, History of Art is complemented particularly well by History. It is also an inspiring subject to take alongside Art but in fact students of all disciplines have enjoyed History of Art and have found it a life-long interest. Girls also enjoy building their background knowledge by attending the Art History Film Club.

History of Art A level is not required to study the subject at university, but it is a great help. Many careers can be pursued following a course of study at university, for example in museums and galleries, be they permanent collections or commercial; restoration and preservation of paintings, sculptures or national monuments; journalism and beyond.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘You look at art in a totally new way. It’s an incredibly enjoyable subject and you always leave the lesson having learned something new.’


LATIN OCR H439

INTRODUCTION

The course aims to foster an enthusiasm for the classical world generally, and to enable students to develop a competence in the Latin language and to appreciate its influence on the languages of today. It focuses on first century literature; students will develop the skills to read, evaluate and make a personal response to both poetry and prose in the original language.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: Latin LanguageYou will need to demonstrate the ability to translate unseen prose passages into English. There are optional sentences to translate from English into Latin.

Unit 2: Latin Verse and Prose LiteratureYou will develop your language skills through a study of prescribed verse and prose texts (Ovid and Cicero). You will demonstrate your understanding of literary techniques and your own personal response to the texts studied.

A2 LEVEL

Unit 3: Latin VerseThis unit focuses on the work of poets such as Virgil and Catullus as prescribed texts. You are also required to respond to an unseen verse passage through comprehension questions and translation.

Unit 4: Latin ProseYou will study prescribed prose authors such as Livy or Tacitus. You will also respond to an unseen prose passage with comprehension questions or tackle a prose composition from English to Latin.


If you enjoy your study of the language and literature at GCSE, this is definitely a subject to consider. It is highly valued by university admissions tutors for the linguistic, literary and analytical skills it fosters.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘Latin is neat, mathematical and beautiful’.

‘I love the fact that you can really see how the Romans lived through reading a Cicero speech.’


MATHEMATICS

EDEXCEL 9371

INTRODUCTION

Mathematics is a very popular A level at Francis Holland, and is highly regarded by universities and the world at large. There is significant overlap between the first Core module of the AS, and the more advanced material in the iGCSE (or GCSE) syllabus, so you will be very well prepared.

AS LEVEL

Three units: C1 (Core 1), C2 (Core 2) and S1 (Statistics 1)The AS comprises two core modules, C1 and C2, and a Statistics module, S1. In the core modules you will extend your understanding of Calculus and Trigonometry. You will learn an alternative measurement to degrees and will prove a number of formulae you have learnt at GCSE or iGCSE. The S1 module will develop your understanding of averages, correlation and effective ways of displaying data. You will be introduced to the process of modelling using the Normal Distribution. A2 LEVEL

Three units: C3 (Core 3), C4 (Core 4) and S2 (Statistics 2) The A2 course comprises more complex core modules, C3 and C4 and a second applied module, usually a second statistics module, S2. However, in some years a group may take the Mechanics Module, M1, if thought appropriate.


If you enjoyed Mathematics during Year 10 and 11 and feel that you are quite good at it then you have good reason to continue to A level. It is very likely that, for many of you, Mathematics may help your other subjects. The course knowledge is useful in many disciplines including Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Psychology and Economics. An A level in Mathematics will also provide a contrast to Modern Foreign Languages or Humanities subjects, demonstrating that you are numerate and capable of quantitative thinking. Studying Mathematics is very different from studying an essay-based subject: many students enjoy an approach which is based on attempting questions rather than memorising and reading written material.

Mathematics is a required subject for certain degree courses such as Economics, Management, Architecture and PPE (Politics, Philosophy and Economics).

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘The teachers don’t just tell you how to do something; they explain it or let you find it out for yourself.’

‘Going to lectures at UCL was what got me really hooked on Maths: especially one on the applications of Maths in books, film and fashion.’


FURTHER MATHEMATICS EDEXCEL 9372

INTRODUCTION

Further Mathematics is becoming more and more popular at Francis Holland and if you are very able, and have a real passion for Mathematics, you may also be interested in doing the Further Mathematics course. Further Mathematics is highly recommended (and sometimes essential) for the study of Mathematics, Physics and some Economics and Engineering courses, especially at top universities. AS LEVEL

Three units: FP1 (Further Pure 1), M1 (Mechanics 1) and M2 (Mechanics 2)For an AS in Further Mathematics you will take an additional three units in your Lower Sixth. This usually comprises of FP1, basically another core module, and two Mechanics modules. Mechanics is the study of the behaviour of physical bodies and you may have been introduced to some of the ideas in GCSE Physics.

A2 LEVEL

Three units: FP2 (Further Pure 2), FP3 (Further Pure 3) + one applied moduleThe A2 comprises a further two core modules, FP2 and FP3, and a final applied module. This will usually be the first Decision Mathematics module. Decision Mathematics is relevant to any fields of study that involve optimisation problems.


You must be very committed to your Mathematics study and be prepared to work hard and accept new ideas at great speed. If you are planning on studying Engineering, Further Mathematics is almost certainly for you. You should check university course requirements carefully.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘What’s good about A level Maths and Further Maths is that you suddenly ‘get’ how you are going to apply what you are learning’.


MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES EDEXCEL

FRENCH 9FR01 GERMAN 9GN01 SPANISH 9SP01

INTRODUCTION

The A level Modern Languages programme develops highly effective oral and written communication skills, of crucial importance in the world of business and beyond. This is a considerable step up from GCSE, both in terms of fluency and in terms of the depth of the material covered, including an introduction to the culture, politics, literature and thinking of France, Germany, Spain and Latin America.

AS LEVEL

AS topics include, youth culture and concerns, lifestyle (health and fitness), the world around us (travel, tourism, environmental issues and the French / German / Spanish speaking world) and education and employment.

Unit 1: Spoken expression and response in the target language (oral)Unit 2: Understanding and written response in the target language (listening, reading and writing)

A2 LEVEL

A2 topics include, customs, traditions, beliefs and religions, national and international events, literature and the Arts.

Unit 3: Understanding and spoken response in the target language (oral)Unit 4: Research, understanding and written response in the target language Tasks might include listening to a CD, watching a DVD of a news programme or film, preparing an oral presentation, writing a traditional discursive essay, translating, reading foreign newspapers on-line, internet research and many more.


If you have enjoyed languages at GCSE and are good at them you should seriously consider taking at least one language to A level. It is a good idea to combine a language with either the Sciences or the Humanities and it is also very common, and very useful, to take two languages at A level. If possible it is a good idea to visit France, Spain or Germany (or another country where the target language is spoken) in the summer holidays of Year 11 and/or the Lower Sixth. The ideal would be to stay with a family and attend a language course

Studying A level in a modern foreign language considerably enhances employment prospects, facilitates foreign travel, provides an insight into another culture and society, and builds a sound basis for further study of languages at university. Through your study you will acquire and practise many transferable skills, such as the ability to analyse and evaluate, to think independently and creatively, to write convincingly, to work with complex information to a tight deadline and, above all, to present your views clearly and confidently to others.

Every year girls go on to read languages at top universities, often combining them with another subject, such as English or Management.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘I have loved A level French, especially the oral lessons. My one regret is that I wish I’d listened to my teachers’ advice and done German too! I am looking forward to studying a new language at university.’

‘Every lesson is different. I love the Lorca play we have read.’


MUSIC

EDEXCEL 9MU01

INTRODUCTION

Studying Music to AS and A2 level is a very rewarding, exacting and highly regarded discipline for any pupil who is passionate about any type of music and is interested in performance, composition and generally the appreciation of music.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: PerformingYou will be required to perform a piece or group of pieces lasting at least 5 minutes in total (performed continuously) to at least Grade 5 Associated Board standard. This has to be recorded and completed for submission by the end of the Spring Term of the Lower Sixth.

Unit 2: ComposingYou will be required to compose an original composition lasting at least 3 minutes, in response to one of a selection of 4 briefs which are known from the beginning of the school year. Students complete the composition during a maximum of 15 hours of supervised study at school.

Unit 3: Developing Musical UnderstandingThis unit focuses on listening to familiar music and understanding how it works. It culminates in a 2-hour examination in June in 3 parts which includes listening, written and note-writing elements. A selection of instrumental and vocal works is studied from an anthology of musical scores. You will learn to identify important musical features and place the music in context.

A2 LEVEL

Unit 4: Extended PerformanceYou will be required to perform a piece or pieces lasting 12-15 minutes and to a standard of at least Grade 6 Associated Board. The performance must be continuous but it may be recorded and re-recorded as many times as needed throughout the year. It must be recorded and completed for submission by the end of the Spring Term of the Upper Sixth.

Unit 5: Composition and Technical StudyYou will complete two exercises for submission – either one composition and one technical study or two compositions or two technical studies. The composition, which must be original and last at least 3 minutes, will be in response to one of a selection of four briefs which are known from the beginning of the school year. Technical studies are undertaken from a choice of three disciplines. Compositions and technical studies are completed under supervision and within a time limit at school.

Unit 6: Further Musical UnderstandingThis unit focuses on listening to unfamiliar music and responding to familiar studied music in essays and short answer questions; it culminates in a 2-hour examination in June in 3 parts which includes listening and written elements. A selection of instrumental and applied music (from theatre, film etc) is studied from an anthology of musical scores. It is recommended that you familiarise yourself with each work as a whole, primarily through listening but also through studying scores. This should lead to identifying important musical features and placing the music in context.


This subject is definitely one for you if you are passionate about music, if you learn an instrument or sing to at least Grade 4 standard, if you enjoy alternative approaches to work (other than written work), and you enjoy working collaboratively in a small group.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘We are encouraged to make our own minds up about the meaning of music. But all the time we are being guided to a solid understanding of the harmony beneath it.’


MUSIC TECHNOLOGY EDEXCEL 9MT01

INTRODUCTION

Music Technology plays a key role in music universally. The A level course is designed to open up a range of exciting and useful skills to students, and to encourage you to learn about the subject. Students, including those who do not play a traditional instrument, are encouraged to explore their musicality and create original music using technology.

The course covers three areas of study:

• The Principles and Practice of Music Technology• Popular Music Styles since 1910• The Development of Technology-based Music

You will learn the basics of the music recording process from the initial stages of recording right through to the mixing and production of the finished article. You will also learn how to sequence music using a computer, and will study the history and development of Music Technology. GCSE Music will have given you a basic grounding in many of the skills studied as part of this syllabus. Although performance is not part of the course, being able to play an instrument and read music will undoubtedly help when trying to understand and analyse aspects of recording.

AS LEVEL

You are required to make a close-mic’ed recording of a pop/rock song. You must create a sequenced recording that accurately reflects a popular song chosen by the board by manipulating Midi sounds to imitate what you hear. You are also required to submit a sequenced arrangement of a song, which you will develop and personalize to a different style (this year the two styles on offer are ‘80s Rock or Urban R ‘n’ B). There is a written examination in which you will answer questions on nine CD tracks on popular/commercial music from the 1920s to the present day. Coursework counts for 70% of the total marks for this course; the remaining 30% of the course is assessed in an examination at the end of the year.

A2 LEVEL

You will record in greater detail with more complex recording assignments. You are also required to submit two compositions in styles of your choosing. For the written paper, you may choose to study either Words and Music (popular songs) or Music from the Moving Image (film music). Overall, this course gives you an exciting and valuable insight into the modern world of music recording and will provide you with the necessary skills required to continue practising this subject independently of the school. At A2, coursework is worth 60%, with the remaining 40% being assessed in a practical examination.


The A level Music Technology course is suitable for any girl who has a keen interest in creating and recording music, and who wishes to broaden her experience and deepen her understanding of popular music styles and developments in music technology. It will suit girls who prefer a practical course with a high level of practical coursework in both years. You will be expected to support class study with independent study time in the computer suite and recording studio.


PHOTOGRAPHY: LENS-BASED AND LIGHT-BASED MEDIA New Specification (Linear A level)

AQA 7206

INTRODUCTION

You will be introduced to a variety of experiences exploring a range of photographic media, techniques and processes. You will be made aware of both traditional and new technologies. This is essentially a practical course, although a significant proportion of the total assessment is devoted to the research created in work journals. You will work in one or more area(s) of Photography, listed below:

• Portraiture• Landscape• Still-life• Documentary• Experimental

You will acquire a knowledge of historical and contemporary developments as well as different styles and genres.

A LEVEL

The A level consists of 2 components:

Component 1: Personal Investigation (60%)

This is a practical component supported by written material. Students are expected to develop a personal investigation based on an idea, issue, concept or theme leading to a final outcome.

• The practical work should be linked to some aspect of contemporary or past practice of artists, designers or craftspeople.

• The written work should be no less 1000 and no more than 3000 words • The Personal Investigation will be assessed as a single component. • Component 2: Examination (40%)

This is an externally set 15 hour examination. The question paper, consisting of a choice of eight questions to be used as starting points, of which students will choose one. The work will be moderated in June by a visiting AQA moderator.


Most importantly, you must have a passion for the subject as the course will be challenging but very rewarding. You will be expected to have a huge interest in computer-aided design and will use software such as Photoshop. You will need very good organisational skills and the ability to meet important deadlines. You will be prepared to use your half term and summer holidays to complete important photographic shoots and other preparatory work. You will be very strongly encouraged to attend residential trips with Art students. In the past, these have been to Paris, Berlin, Venice, Rome, Madrid and Nice.


PHYSICS New Specification (Linear A level)

OCR H556

INTRODUCTION

Physics is a very rewarding A level. At first it will feel familiar in parts, as topics covered build on material learnt at IGCSE (and GCSE). However, there are many new and fascination topics that are covered including Quantum Physics, Cosmology, Particle Physics and Medical Physics; these will make you consider the realities of existence in quite a different light.

A LEVEL

The content of Physics A level is split into six teaching modules.

Module 1: Development of practical skills in Physics; practical skills assessed in a written examination

Module 2: Foundations of Physics: physical quantities and units; measurements; scalars and vectors

Module 3: Forces and motion: motion; forces in action; work, energy and power; materials; momentum

Module 4: Electrons, waves and photons: charge and current; energy, power and resistance; electrical circuits; waves; quantum physics

Module 5: Newtonian world and astrophysics; thermal physics; circular motion; oscillations; gravitational fields; astrophysics and cosmology

Module 6: Particles and medical physics: capacitors; electric fields; magnetic fields and electromagnetism; nuclear and particle physics; medical imaging


Physics requires an interest in the subject and a commitment to working hard. You will be encouraged to participate in discussions on modern developments in Physics, attend external lectures and spend time reading around the subject. You will need a reasonable level of mathematical ability and be comfortable with the manipulation of numbers and equations, but it is not essential to take A level Mathematics.

A level Physics is a very highly regarded academic subject. You will develop many problem-solving and practical skills that are sought after by universities and employers. In particular Physics provides a very good foundation for studying Medicine, Engineering, Technology, Law and for embarking on a career in the City.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘If you’ve ever seen something and found yourself asking ‘why’, then Physics is the subject for you.’


PSYCHOLOGY New Specification (Linear A level)

AQA 7182

INTRODUCTION

Psychologists strive to understand why people behave in certain ways, examining all aspects and stages of life. Psychology is looked upon favourably by universities as it teaches the scientific method but also develops the critical skills required by the Humanities. A level Psychology is a two-year linear course which is assessed via three terminal written examinations.

A LEVEL

Paper 1: Introductory Topics in Psychology33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of multiple choice, short answer and an essay section.

• Psychopathology: this module considers how we define abnormal behaviour, how can it be explained and what methods are there for treatment.

• Memory: this module investigates how we remember and why we forget. You will also consider the application of memory research to the courtroom.

• Attachment: this module asks questions about early infant years and their impact upon our later adult life. You will explore case studies and experiments that investigate this in the real world.

• Social Influence: this module explores why we conform and why we obey. You will discuss the consequences of human nature’s drive to belong and how this can be manipulated.

• Paper 2: Psychology in Context33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of multiple choice, short answer and an essay section.

• This module provides an overview of the major approaches used in Psychology to understand the mind and behaviour. You will look at how each attempts to explain behaviour and how research is conducted through this approach.

Paper 3: Issues and Options in Psychology 33.3% of the total A level; 2-hour examination consisting of multiple choice, short answer and an essay section.

• In this final module the teacher will choose specific topics that suit the requirements and interests of the class. Topic options include: Relationships, Eating Behaviour, Schizophrenia, Aggression, Forensic Psychology, Stress and Addiction.


Psychology offers excellent rewards in providing a deeper understanding of human behaviour. There is also a lot of scope for practical and interactive work which girls enjoy. It provides an excellent opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills that are invaluable in higher education, the world of work or any situation that requires an understanding of people. The subject combines well with Biology and Mathematics, but is also often taken successfully by students studying a range of other subjects.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘My favourite topics have been abnormality and stress! The lessons are always fascinating but it’s hard work.’


RELIGIOUS STUDIES (Philosophy of Religion and Ethics) OCR H572

INTRODUCTION

Religious Studies (Philosophy of Religion and Ethics) is an invigorating course of study which seeks to examine the views and ideas of a range of philosophers from Aristotle and Plato to Bertrand Russell. In examining and evaluating such a range of ideas, it is hoped that students will be able to form their own answers to questions of an existential, metaphysical and ethical nature. As such, this subject seeks to develop the skills of analysis and reflection that are intrinsic to what it means to be a thinking person in the 21st century.

AS LEVEL

Unit 1: PhilosophyAncient Greek influences on the philosophy of religionJudaeo-Christian influences on the philosophy of religionTraditional arguments for the existence of GodChallenges to religious beliefs

Unit 2: EthicsEthical theories – Natural Law, Kant, UtilitarianismApplied Ethical topics – Medical Ethics, War and Peace

A2 LEVEL

Unit 3: PhilosophyReligious LanguageExperience and ReligionNature of GodLife and deathMiracle

Unit 4: EthicsMeta-ethicsFree will and determinismConscienceVirtue ethicsApplied ethical topics


It is not necessary to have studied Religious Studies at GCSE. This subject will appeal particularly to pupils who have a capacity for analytical thinking, who like arguing a case and who can write clearly and fluently. It combines well with all other A level subjects and provides an excellent preparation for studying Philosophy, Theology and Religious studies at university. Additionally the range of skills and concepts covered makes it an effective preparation for all courses in the Humanities and many in Social Sciences.

WHAT GIRLS SAY: ‘It has really opened my mind. I started the course with lots of strong views and now I’m much more accepting of other people’s ideas. I am so much more open-minded than I was.’


DESTINATION OF RECENT LEAVERS

COURSE INSTITUTION

American Studies Nottingham

Anatomy Bristol

Ancient World Studies University College (London)

Anthropology Goldsmiths (London)

Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies Exeter, School of Oriental and African Studies (London)

Archaeology Durham

Architectural Design Inchbald School of Design

Architecture University College (London)

Architecture Foundation Architectural Association, School of Architecture (London)

Art and Design Leeds

Art Foundation Camberwell, Central Saint Martins, Chelsea, City and Guilds, Kingston, London College

of Fashion, Oxford Brookes, Wimbledon

Biological Sciences Exeter

Biology Durham, Newcastle

Business and Management City (London), Warwick

Chemical Engineering Imperial College (London)

Chemistry Durham

Chinese School of Oriental and African Studies (London)

Classics Bristol, Reading, St Andrews

Classics and Philosophy Leeds

Criminal Justice and Criminology Leeds

Design and Management (US) Parsons, The New School for Design (New York)

Ecological and Environmental Sciences Edinburgh

Economics London School of Economics, Kings (London), Nottingham, University College (London)

Economics and Politics Edinburgh, University College (London)

Engineering Durham

English Bristol, Durham, Kent, Leeds, Newcastle, Nottingham, Oxford, Sussex

Environmental Studies and Geography Oxford Brookes

European Studies Royal Holloway (London)

Fine Art Glasgow

French Bristol, Edinburgh, Royal Holloway (London), University College (London)

French and Portuguese Leeds

French and Russian Bristol, Oxford

French and Spanish Bath, Leeds

Geography King’s College (London), Sheffield

History Bristol, Durham, Edinburgh, King’s College (London), Manchester, Newcastle,

Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, St Andrews, University College (London), Warwick

History of Art Cambridge, Edinburgh, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham


COURSE INSTITUTION

History of Art and Music Oxford Brookes

International Relations (US) London School of Economics, University of Southern California

International Studies King’s College (London)

Italian and Philosophy Leeds

Italian and Russian Bristol

Law King’s College (London), London School of Economics, Queen Mary (London), Surrey

Law with Politics Manchester

Liberal Arts (US) Boston, Duke, Emerson, Richmond College, USC, Wheaton, University of Southern

California, University of Virginia, Vassar College

Management and Chinese Nottingham

Mathematics Edinburgh, Exeter

Mathematics and Philosophy King’s College (London), St Hughs, Oxford

Mathematics and Russian Leeds

Mechanical Engineering Leeds, Manchester, Surrey

Medicine Bristol, Imperial College (London), St George’s Hospital

Microbiology Nottingham

Music Canterbury Christchurch, Leeds

Natural Sciences University College (London)

Neuroscience Bristol, King’s College (London)

Performance Design and Practice Central Saint Martin’s College of Art and Design

Philosophy Birkbeck, London School of Economics

Physics Bristol, Imperial College (London), Queen Mary (London)

Politics, Philosophy and Economics St Edmund Hall, Oxford

Political Science (France) Sciences Po (Paris)

Psychology Bristol, Durham, Edinburgh, Exeter, London School of Economics, Nottingham, Oxford,

Royal Holloway, Warwick

Public Relations and Marketing Bournemouth

Religions and Social Anthropology School of Oriental and African Studies (London)

Russian and French Bristol

Russian Studies Edinburgh

Social Anthropology London School of Economics

Sociology City, Leeds, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham

Sports Journalism Brighton

Theology and Religious Studies Bristol, Cambridge (Selwyn), Manchester

Zoology Nottingham


A level results

A LEVEL 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

% A* to A 60% 57% 42% 48% 35%

% A* to B 86% 85% 71% 72% 66%

% Pass 100% 99% 100% 98% 98%

This year saw major changes to A levels. Most significantly, January modules were abolished and students were required to sit their final A2 examinations in one summer sitting, at the same time as any retakes from the AS course. Nationally this was reflected in a slight depression in grades.


ENJOYMENT AND EXCELLENCE IN EQUAL MEASURE

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SIXTH FORM AS AND A LEVEL SUBJECTS - Francis … level Paper 1 comprises three compulsory sections:...

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Transcript of SIXTH FORM AS AND A LEVEL SUBJECTS - Francis … level Paper 1 comprises three compulsory sections:...