Six terms fundamental to a model of transcription
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Transcript of Six terms fundamental to a model of transcription
Six terms fundamental to a model of transcription
#KingsDH
Paul Caton
Background
The
Huitfeldt
Sperberg-McQueen
Marcoux
model of transcription
The core of the HSM model of transcription
E-token-sequence T-token-sequence
E-type-sequence T-type-sequence
Exemplar document (E) Transcription document (T)
instantiates instantiates
act of transcription
The core of the HSM model of transcription
E-token-sequence T-token-sequence
E-type-sequence T-type-sequence
Exemplar document (E) Transcription document (T)
instantiates instantiates
then T is a successful
transcription of E
if=
( ∀ t1 : tokens(E)) ( 1 ∃ t2 : tokens(T)) (t2 = RET(t1)) ( ∧ ∀ t1 : tokens(T)) ( 1 ∃t2 :tokens(E)) (t2 = RTE(t1))
( ∧ ∀ t1 : tokens(E), t2 : tokens(T)) (t2 = RET(t1) ⇔ t1 = RTE(t2) type(∧ t1) = type(RET(t1)))
Justification
Context
"But documents, as we use the term, are physical objects like manuscripts, typescripts, carved stones, magnetic tapes, disk drives, CD-ROMs, or some portion of such an object.” "By a document we understand an individual object containing marks. A mark is a perceptible feature of a document (normally something visible, e.g. a line in ink).”
"Any written document takes the form of physical marks which are tokens of particular types."
SURFACEMARKREADINGTOKEN-SEQUENCEEXEMPLARDOCUMENT
Reference story ...
• perceptible• measurable• results from natural processes or
volitional acts• exists independently • (and so) can be returned to• (and) changes to it are perceptible
SURFACE
• perceptible difference made to part of a SURFACE
• from activity of living organism• either application of X to• or alteration of intrinsic Y• is perceptible and measurable by contrast
MARK
READING
is the process by which an agent attempts to discover and establish at least one TYPE-SEQUENCE in MARKS on a SURFACE by recognising at least one MARK to be a TOKEN
READING
• normatively: motivated • performed by agent• performed at least MARK by MARK• has three possible result states
negative ( certainty < 0 ) zero ( certainty = 0 ) positive ( certainty > 0 )
READING
Transcription is always and only possible from a zero or positive result state.
(This is why transcription and copy are not the same.)
TOKEN-SEQUENCE
• cannot be empty• is neither right nor wrong
EXEMPLAR
• a role or status• so, acquired – not intrinsic• and always relative to activity• so, non-exclusive
DOCUMENT
• = SURFACE + TEXT• each is unique
EXEMPLAR
An act of transcription necessarily involves an EXEMPLAR, but does not necessarily involve a DOCUMENT
MARK
SURFACE
READING
TOKEN-SEQUENCE (E)
EXEMPLAR
TEXT
DOCUMENT
AWARENESS OF WRITING
intent to produceTOKEN-SEQUENCE (T)
transcription copy
The sets of semantic elements that comprise the meanings of transcription and copy certainly intersect, but they are not identical and one does not subsume the other.
Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Claus Huitfeldt, and Allen Renear (2001). Meaning and interpretation of markup. Markup Languages: Theory & Practice 2.3: 215–234
Huitfeldt, Claus, and C. M. Sperberg-McQueen (2008). What is transcription? Literary & Linguistic Computing 23.3: 295-310.
Caton, Paul (2009). Lost in Transcription: Types, Tokens, and Modality in Document Representation. Paper given at Digital Humanities 2009
Sperberg-McQueen, C. M.. Claus Huitfeldt, and Yves Marcoux (2009). What is transcription? Part 2. Talk given at Digital Humanities 2009
Huitfeldt, Claus, Yves Marcoux, and C. M. Sperberg-McQueen (2010). Extension of the type/token distinction to document structure. Paper presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2010
Caton, Paul (2012). On the Term ‘Text’ in Digital Humanities. Literary & Linguistic Computing. 28.2: 209-220.
Caton, Paul (2013). Pure transcriptional encoding. Paper given at Digital Humanities 2013
Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Yves Marcoux, and Claus Huitfeldt (2014). Transcriptional implicature: a contribution to markup semantics. Paper presented at Digital Humanities 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Relevant work
https://www.facebook.com/kcl.ddh#KingsDH
Department of Digital HumanitiesKing’s College London
Slides available at:www.slideshare.net/PaulCaton/