Six Sigma Project_Gaurav Singh

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    Project Report

    Six Sigma- Green Belt Programme

    SQC & OR Unit

    Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi

    Gaurav Singh

    Project Guide

    Rina Chakraborty

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    Executive Summary

    This paper consists of a project on Accounting. The project is set in the backdrop of increased

    demand for better customer (internal & external) service thorough timely release of online

    system (Micros-Fedelio) after auditing.

    The entire job focus was to check revenue losses that might have occurred during the

    transactions.

    The revenue generating departments viz laundry, spa, banquet, bar, restaurants, makes entries of

    all the transaction in micros. This information is transmitted to Fidelio through an interface.

    Relating with the job focus the whole concern was to filter all transactional information and pass

    it on to the Accounts department for proper recording.

    The job demanded the use of certain automated auditing process (indexing etc). During this

    process of automated auditing the major concern was to keep all other users of (Micros-Fedelio)

    the software logged off and not allowing any further entries or information flow. The system was

    again provided back to the departments after successful completion of Auditing.

    As a result front office had no information about the total bills of a guest who is checking out

    during the auditing process.

    This project focuses on the timely delivery of the system to all the concerned departments by

    avoiding delays due to software failure and preventing intruders.

    The endeavor is to strike a balance between timely deliveries of system (VOC) and ensure proper

    accounting (VOB).

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    Problem statement

    Non-availability of system on time data.

    Project scope

    As mentioned earlier non availability of system results to revenue loss for the organization. If

    this problem is addressed properly it will help in revenue increment.

    Critical tools

    Pareto chart fish bone diagram Failure mode effect analysis control chart

    Results

    It has been observed that 6.52% is the frequency for failure.

    Conclusion & Recommendations

    Lack of security in the software to stop log in: redesign the software to secure it from intrusions

    during audit procedure.Pre night audit corrections: to train staff properly in order to reduce mistakes

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    Define Phase

    Problem statement

    Non-availability of system on time. The ideal time for making the system available is 4 am but it

    can be tolerated till 4:30am.

    Project scope

    As mentioned earlier non availability of system results to revenue loss for the organization. If

    this problem is addressed properly it will help in revenue increment.

    Audit and systems

    Front Office

    Guest Room

    Restaurant

    Laundry

    This is a schematic representation of how the information of various types of consumption by a

    customer is distributed among various departments. System & audit department is responsible

    for posting all room charges. The consumptions made by an in house guest in any outlet is posted

    directly to his room along with his room charges. During check outs front office takes out the

    actual bill (room charges + other consumptions) through Fedelio, and the bill is presented to the

    guest for payment.

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    MICROS

    (At revenue generating heads)

    Interface

    FIDELIO

    (Used by front office, Audit & systems)

    Interface

    Oasis

    (Final accounting software)

    This shows the flow of information within the softwares. Most of the departments use Micros

    system while departments like Front Office, Systems and audit uses Fidelio, oasis is only used by

    Accounts for final documentation. The flow of information between every software is intermitted

    by an interface.

    The current system pays attention to the most frequented VOC (voice of customer) System is not

    available (due to delay in audit) while a guest is on the verge of leaving the hotel. On the other

    hand VOB (voice of business) is responsible for loosing revenue due to non availability of

    system. Both VOC & VOB talks about non availability of system- constitute the take of point for

    this project.

    Key measures

    Impact on key business

    Following threat-opportunity matrix shows some of the short and long term business impacts.

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    Harassment of customers

    Revenue loss

    Increased customer satisfaction

    Increase in revenue

    Business value defeated

    Loss of good will

    Creation of business value

    Creation of good will

    Short Term

    Long Term

    Threat Opportunity

    The Measure Phase

    Performance

    Identification of kpivs & kpovs

    Quantify current performance level:

    Issues Jan Feb Mar April

    Number of days 31 28 31 30

    System released

    on time

    28 27 20 29

    System release 3 1 11 2

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    delayed

    DPMO 96774 35714 354838 64516

    The month wise data and the current run chart shows that the defect level in the month of March

    is abnormally high. This was mainly due to some exceptional machinery failure. Except for the

    data of March the rest of three month data is considered in arriving at the process defect.

    Current defect level

    Total number of System release delays ( All three months) *106

    Total number of days in 3 months (excluding the month of March)

    Total number of System release delays (computing all three months) = 6 days

    Total number of days in 3 months (excluding the month of March) = 92 days

    = 65217 this is approximately equal to 3.009 Sigma

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    Targeted DPMO = 50 % of the current DPMO

    Targeted DPMO = 32608 this is approximately equal to = 3.345 Sigma

    Current DPMO 65217

    Targeted DPMO 32608

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    Analysis and Findings

    Fish bone diagram

    The project team uses a fishbone diagram to identify all the input variables that could be causing

    the problem of interest. Once we list out the input variables we can identify the critical few

    process input variables to measure and further investigate.

    Non delivery of system on time

    MEN

    Training Experience intrusions

    MACHINE

    Number of os NO of systems

    ENVIRONMENT

    Seasons No of employees Experience of employees. Lack of security in the software to stop log in

    MATERIAL

    Rush at the restaurants Stability of accounting system

    METHOD

    Closing of RGHs Pre night audit corrections

    MEASUREMENT

    Revenue loss Customer dissatisfaction

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    Starting of CRIS delayedAfter listing of all the input variables, some of the key process input variables (KPIV), Lack of

    security in the software to stop log in, pre night audit corrections

    are identified as the main culprits. The entire focus is turned to these two problems referred to as

    vital Xs.

    dentifying vital Xs

    Potential Xs Jan Feb April FREQUENCY

    1)

    2)

    3)

    Lack of security in the

    software to stop log in.

    Pre night audit corrections

    Rush at the restaurants

    2 1 1

    1

    1

    4

    1

    1

    TOTAL 3 1 2 6

    It can be observed that out of a total of 6 occurrences 4 are attributed to lack of security in the

    software to stop log in.

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    Pareto chart of potential Xs

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    It can be seen that the problems Lack of security in the software to stop log in and pre- night

    audit corrections together form more than 80% of the assignable cause. Hence we are targeting

    these two most prominent problems, solutions of which will help reduction in the problem and

    vis--vis increase the sigma level of the operation.

    High Medium Low

    Within control Lack of security in the

    software to stop log in.

    Pre night audit

    corrections

    Beyond control Rush at the restaurants

    Analyzing vital Xs

    The focus now converges into two controllable factors affecting replenishment performance

    Lack of security in the software to stop log in Pre night audit corrections

    Lack of security in the software to stop log in

    It has been observed that the major reason for the delay in releasing the system is log in after the

    audit starts off. This results in corruption in the system as a result, finally the entire process of

    night audit is delayed and subsequently the system delivery does not take place on time. Out of

    the total number of observations 66.67% pertains to this problem.

    It is also observed that during the month of January, out of a total 3 failures 2 are assigned to this

    current problem of Lack of Security in the software to stop log in.

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    As a result any person entitled to use this software can log into the system even after the rights

    for the access has been withdrawn and the night audit is hampered.

    Pre night audit corrections.

    The time of release of system to the users on time is also commanded by the number of

    accounting errors that the auditor has to handle before moving on to the night audit procedure.

    The problems may vary from incorrect room rent charged to wrong settlement type (credit card

    in place of case or vice versa). In all the cases of error (since this is not under the current scope

    of the defied problem) it can be assumed that they happen because of lack of proper training and

    development and excess work load.

    Improvement

    Failur e mode and effects analysis

    This process is used to understand and quantify the relative importance of the major concerns

    and its development components

    Concerns Ratings Improvement of

    software

    Training Increase of

    manpower.

    Lack of security in

    the software to stop

    log in.

    5 5

    (25)

    0

    (5)

    0

    (0)

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    Pre night audit

    corrections

    4 2

    (8)

    2

    (8)

    3

    (12)

    Rush at the

    restaurants

    1 0

    (0)

    2

    (2)

    4

    (4)

    Lack of Training 2 1

    (2)

    4

    (8)

    1

    (2)

    Improvement of software

    Improvement of software is one of the major issue of improvement. The software lacks the

    facility of restricting the user to access datas or to make entries while auditing is being

    conducted. The software also lacks the facility of at least warning the user before allowing access

    incase the user is trying to access it during the time audit is being conducted.

    Therefore the software has to include a warning signal to user when they try to log in during

    night audit, and also restrict the user if necessary.

    There should be a window dedicatedly for information purpose and it can be accessed even

    during audit. This system will help checking revenue loss by providing updated billing

    information to the front office and subsequently to the customers.

    Pre night audit corrections

    The timely delivery of system also depends on how many errors has crept in during the day, the

    auditor first has to resolve these problems before he moves on to automated night audit

    procedure.

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    The errors are mostly due to lack of proper training and excess work load. The training related

    issue can be taken care of by training the staff in using the software by conducting mock

    transaction. As far as the workload is concerned it can be handled through proper recruitment

    process and decreasing the per day working hours.

    Previous sigma level 3.009

    Current sigma level 3.249

    Time for system access restored for the month of May

    DAY Time (am)

    1 4

    2 4:11

    3 4

    4 4:02

    5 4:05

    6 4

    7 4

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    8 4

    9 4:07

    10 4:16

    11 4:01

    12 4

    13 4:12

    14 4:13

    15 4:04

    16 4

    17 4:17

    18 4:22

    19 4:45

    20 4:08

    21 4:16

    22 4:03

    23 4

    24 4

    25 4:07

    26 4

    27 4:11

    28 4:23

    29 4:14

    30 4

    31 4:27

    Calculation of improved Sigma level:

    Issues May June July August

    Number of days 31 30 31 31

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    System released

    on time

    30 29 30 29

    System release

    delayed

    1 0 1 2

    DPMO 32258 0 32258 32258

    Total number of System release delays ( All three months) *106

    Total number of days in 4 months

    Total number of System release delays = 4 days

    Total number of days in 4 months (excluding the month of March) = 123 days

    = 32520 this is approximately equal to 3.24 Sigma.

    Control phase

    For the purpose of verification of control a simplified control chart (attached in the graph) is

    implemented with a tolerance limit of 4:30 am, the ideal time for delivery of system remains at 4

    am. in the control chart there are three upper limits defined (lower limit does not exist) as 4am

    ideal time, 4:15am minimum tolerance time, 4:30 maximum tolerance time. For a one month

    data (may) if plotted on a graph it will have 24 points within the minimum tolerance limit

    (4:15am), 6 points within the maximum tolerance time(bold points) and 1 point above the

    maximum tolerance time (4:30 am, point and a circle)

    Every time the system is delivered above the minimum tolerance limit the observer can become

    alert and adjust some KPIVs to regain desired performance. If the graph shows a point abovethe maximum tolerance limit it means the system requires adjustments it might have fallen out of

    control.

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    Conclusions

    Restatement of quantified project results:

    Operating DPMO: 65217

    Operating sigma level: 3.009

    No of days under observation: 92 days

    Projected results:

    Targeted reduction of DPMO: 50%

    Predicted DPMO: 32608

    Predicted sigma level: 3.34

    No of days under observation; 123 days

    Key performances input variables

    Lack of security in the software to stop log in. Pre night audit corrections.

    Recommendations

    Lack of security in the software to stop log in: redesign the software to secure it fromintrusions during audit procedure.

    Pre night audit corrections: to train staff properly in order to reduce mistakes.

    Appendix

    Six sigma green belt training module(ISI) All about Six Sigma- Warren Brussee