Six Sigma Project_Gaurav Singh
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Transcript of Six Sigma Project_Gaurav Singh
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Project Report
Six Sigma- Green Belt Programme
SQC & OR Unit
Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi
Gaurav Singh
Project Guide
Rina Chakraborty
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Executive Summary
This paper consists of a project on Accounting. The project is set in the backdrop of increased
demand for better customer (internal & external) service thorough timely release of online
system (Micros-Fedelio) after auditing.
The entire job focus was to check revenue losses that might have occurred during the
transactions.
The revenue generating departments viz laundry, spa, banquet, bar, restaurants, makes entries of
all the transaction in micros. This information is transmitted to Fidelio through an interface.
Relating with the job focus the whole concern was to filter all transactional information and pass
it on to the Accounts department for proper recording.
The job demanded the use of certain automated auditing process (indexing etc). During this
process of automated auditing the major concern was to keep all other users of (Micros-Fedelio)
the software logged off and not allowing any further entries or information flow. The system was
again provided back to the departments after successful completion of Auditing.
As a result front office had no information about the total bills of a guest who is checking out
during the auditing process.
This project focuses on the timely delivery of the system to all the concerned departments by
avoiding delays due to software failure and preventing intruders.
The endeavor is to strike a balance between timely deliveries of system (VOC) and ensure proper
accounting (VOB).
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Problem statement
Non-availability of system on time data.
Project scope
As mentioned earlier non availability of system results to revenue loss for the organization. If
this problem is addressed properly it will help in revenue increment.
Critical tools
Pareto chart fish bone diagram Failure mode effect analysis control chart
Results
It has been observed that 6.52% is the frequency for failure.
Conclusion & Recommendations
Lack of security in the software to stop log in: redesign the software to secure it from intrusions
during audit procedure.Pre night audit corrections: to train staff properly in order to reduce mistakes
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Define Phase
Problem statement
Non-availability of system on time. The ideal time for making the system available is 4 am but it
can be tolerated till 4:30am.
Project scope
As mentioned earlier non availability of system results to revenue loss for the organization. If
this problem is addressed properly it will help in revenue increment.
Audit and systems
Front Office
Guest Room
Restaurant
Laundry
This is a schematic representation of how the information of various types of consumption by a
customer is distributed among various departments. System & audit department is responsible
for posting all room charges. The consumptions made by an in house guest in any outlet is posted
directly to his room along with his room charges. During check outs front office takes out the
actual bill (room charges + other consumptions) through Fedelio, and the bill is presented to the
guest for payment.
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MICROS
(At revenue generating heads)
Interface
FIDELIO
(Used by front office, Audit & systems)
Interface
Oasis
(Final accounting software)
This shows the flow of information within the softwares. Most of the departments use Micros
system while departments like Front Office, Systems and audit uses Fidelio, oasis is only used by
Accounts for final documentation. The flow of information between every software is intermitted
by an interface.
The current system pays attention to the most frequented VOC (voice of customer) System is not
available (due to delay in audit) while a guest is on the verge of leaving the hotel. On the other
hand VOB (voice of business) is responsible for loosing revenue due to non availability of
system. Both VOC & VOB talks about non availability of system- constitute the take of point for
this project.
Key measures
Impact on key business
Following threat-opportunity matrix shows some of the short and long term business impacts.
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Harassment of customers
Revenue loss
Increased customer satisfaction
Increase in revenue
Business value defeated
Loss of good will
Creation of business value
Creation of good will
Short Term
Long Term
Threat Opportunity
The Measure Phase
Performance
Identification of kpivs & kpovs
Quantify current performance level:
Issues Jan Feb Mar April
Number of days 31 28 31 30
System released
on time
28 27 20 29
System release 3 1 11 2
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delayed
DPMO 96774 35714 354838 64516
The month wise data and the current run chart shows that the defect level in the month of March
is abnormally high. This was mainly due to some exceptional machinery failure. Except for the
data of March the rest of three month data is considered in arriving at the process defect.
Current defect level
Total number of System release delays ( All three months) *106
Total number of days in 3 months (excluding the month of March)
Total number of System release delays (computing all three months) = 6 days
Total number of days in 3 months (excluding the month of March) = 92 days
= 65217 this is approximately equal to 3.009 Sigma
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Targeted DPMO = 50 % of the current DPMO
Targeted DPMO = 32608 this is approximately equal to = 3.345 Sigma
Current DPMO 65217
Targeted DPMO 32608
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Analysis and Findings
Fish bone diagram
The project team uses a fishbone diagram to identify all the input variables that could be causing
the problem of interest. Once we list out the input variables we can identify the critical few
process input variables to measure and further investigate.
Non delivery of system on time
MEN
Training Experience intrusions
MACHINE
Number of os NO of systems
ENVIRONMENT
Seasons No of employees Experience of employees. Lack of security in the software to stop log in
MATERIAL
Rush at the restaurants Stability of accounting system
METHOD
Closing of RGHs Pre night audit corrections
MEASUREMENT
Revenue loss Customer dissatisfaction
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Starting of CRIS delayedAfter listing of all the input variables, some of the key process input variables (KPIV), Lack of
security in the software to stop log in, pre night audit corrections
are identified as the main culprits. The entire focus is turned to these two problems referred to as
vital Xs.
dentifying vital Xs
Potential Xs Jan Feb April FREQUENCY
1)
2)
3)
Lack of security in the
software to stop log in.
Pre night audit corrections
Rush at the restaurants
2 1 1
1
1
4
1
1
TOTAL 3 1 2 6
It can be observed that out of a total of 6 occurrences 4 are attributed to lack of security in the
software to stop log in.
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Pareto chart of potential Xs
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It can be seen that the problems Lack of security in the software to stop log in and pre- night
audit corrections together form more than 80% of the assignable cause. Hence we are targeting
these two most prominent problems, solutions of which will help reduction in the problem and
vis--vis increase the sigma level of the operation.
High Medium Low
Within control Lack of security in the
software to stop log in.
Pre night audit
corrections
Beyond control Rush at the restaurants
Analyzing vital Xs
The focus now converges into two controllable factors affecting replenishment performance
Lack of security in the software to stop log in Pre night audit corrections
Lack of security in the software to stop log in
It has been observed that the major reason for the delay in releasing the system is log in after the
audit starts off. This results in corruption in the system as a result, finally the entire process of
night audit is delayed and subsequently the system delivery does not take place on time. Out of
the total number of observations 66.67% pertains to this problem.
It is also observed that during the month of January, out of a total 3 failures 2 are assigned to this
current problem of Lack of Security in the software to stop log in.
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As a result any person entitled to use this software can log into the system even after the rights
for the access has been withdrawn and the night audit is hampered.
Pre night audit corrections.
The time of release of system to the users on time is also commanded by the number of
accounting errors that the auditor has to handle before moving on to the night audit procedure.
The problems may vary from incorrect room rent charged to wrong settlement type (credit card
in place of case or vice versa). In all the cases of error (since this is not under the current scope
of the defied problem) it can be assumed that they happen because of lack of proper training and
development and excess work load.
Improvement
Failur e mode and effects analysis
This process is used to understand and quantify the relative importance of the major concerns
and its development components
Concerns Ratings Improvement of
software
Training Increase of
manpower.
Lack of security in
the software to stop
log in.
5 5
(25)
0
(5)
0
(0)
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Pre night audit
corrections
4 2
(8)
2
(8)
3
(12)
Rush at the
restaurants
1 0
(0)
2
(2)
4
(4)
Lack of Training 2 1
(2)
4
(8)
1
(2)
Improvement of software
Improvement of software is one of the major issue of improvement. The software lacks the
facility of restricting the user to access datas or to make entries while auditing is being
conducted. The software also lacks the facility of at least warning the user before allowing access
incase the user is trying to access it during the time audit is being conducted.
Therefore the software has to include a warning signal to user when they try to log in during
night audit, and also restrict the user if necessary.
There should be a window dedicatedly for information purpose and it can be accessed even
during audit. This system will help checking revenue loss by providing updated billing
information to the front office and subsequently to the customers.
Pre night audit corrections
The timely delivery of system also depends on how many errors has crept in during the day, the
auditor first has to resolve these problems before he moves on to automated night audit
procedure.
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The errors are mostly due to lack of proper training and excess work load. The training related
issue can be taken care of by training the staff in using the software by conducting mock
transaction. As far as the workload is concerned it can be handled through proper recruitment
process and decreasing the per day working hours.
Previous sigma level 3.009
Current sigma level 3.249
Time for system access restored for the month of May
DAY Time (am)
1 4
2 4:11
3 4
4 4:02
5 4:05
6 4
7 4
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8 4
9 4:07
10 4:16
11 4:01
12 4
13 4:12
14 4:13
15 4:04
16 4
17 4:17
18 4:22
19 4:45
20 4:08
21 4:16
22 4:03
23 4
24 4
25 4:07
26 4
27 4:11
28 4:23
29 4:14
30 4
31 4:27
Calculation of improved Sigma level:
Issues May June July August
Number of days 31 30 31 31
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System released
on time
30 29 30 29
System release
delayed
1 0 1 2
DPMO 32258 0 32258 32258
Total number of System release delays ( All three months) *106
Total number of days in 4 months
Total number of System release delays = 4 days
Total number of days in 4 months (excluding the month of March) = 123 days
= 32520 this is approximately equal to 3.24 Sigma.
Control phase
For the purpose of verification of control a simplified control chart (attached in the graph) is
implemented with a tolerance limit of 4:30 am, the ideal time for delivery of system remains at 4
am. in the control chart there are three upper limits defined (lower limit does not exist) as 4am
ideal time, 4:15am minimum tolerance time, 4:30 maximum tolerance time. For a one month
data (may) if plotted on a graph it will have 24 points within the minimum tolerance limit
(4:15am), 6 points within the maximum tolerance time(bold points) and 1 point above the
maximum tolerance time (4:30 am, point and a circle)
Every time the system is delivered above the minimum tolerance limit the observer can become
alert and adjust some KPIVs to regain desired performance. If the graph shows a point abovethe maximum tolerance limit it means the system requires adjustments it might have fallen out of
control.
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Conclusions
Restatement of quantified project results:
Operating DPMO: 65217
Operating sigma level: 3.009
No of days under observation: 92 days
Projected results:
Targeted reduction of DPMO: 50%
Predicted DPMO: 32608
Predicted sigma level: 3.34
No of days under observation; 123 days
Key performances input variables
Lack of security in the software to stop log in. Pre night audit corrections.
Recommendations
Lack of security in the software to stop log in: redesign the software to secure it fromintrusions during audit procedure.
Pre night audit corrections: to train staff properly in order to reduce mistakes.
Appendix
Six sigma green belt training module(ISI) All about Six Sigma- Warren Brussee