Situation analysis for the Mid-Term Review of the NMSP 2011-2015: Relevent outcomes and impact...
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Situation analysis for the Mid-Term Review of the NMSP 2011-2015: Relevent outcomes and impact measures Chaminuka, Lodge
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Situation analysis for the Mid-Term Review of the NMSP 2011-2015:Relevent outcomes and impact measures
Chaminuka, Lodge
Overview
• Goals, targets, objectives• Coverage of interventions• Recommendations
Total malaria cases
Total malaria case rates
Malaria reported case rates by district and case counts by facility 2011
g
Malaria indicator surveys
• Household surveys every 2 years: 2006-2012• Malaria parasitemia and severe anemia• Coverage of prevention interventions– ITNs, IRS, IPTp
• Fever prevalence, uptake of diagostics and ACT treatment
Fever prevalence with the preceding two weeks among children under age five years (Zambia 2006–2012)
<12m 12–23m 24–35m 36–47m 48–59m Urban Rural National0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
30.3
40.9
33.930.7
27.4
19.3
37.4
33.2
27.1
34.5
28.725.5
24.0 24.3
29.528.128.5
37.2 36.338.4
30.4
26.1
37.534.1
19.0
24.0
28.1 27.2
22.6
13.2
29.3
24.2
Age in months
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Severe anaemia (Hb<8g/dl) prevalence among children under age five years by urban and rural areas (Zambia 2006–2012)
Urban Rural National0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
7.2
16.3
14
4.3 4.3 4
6.8
10.29
3.8
8.26.8
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Severe anaemia prevalence among children under age five years by province (Zambia 2006–2012).
Copperbelt
North-W
estern
Southern
Lusaka
Central
Muchinga
Northern
Eastern
Weste
rn
Luapula
0
5
10
15
20
25
13.1
18.8
7.6 7.5
13.4
18.917.4
12.4
6.7
22
4.25
3.5 4.23.2 3
4.55.9
1.2
6.9
9.6
2.9
8
4.2 4.1
8.5
12.7
9.8
7.6
20.8
3.5 3.4 4 4.4 4.4
8.39.3 9.9
10.812
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Household ownership of at least one ITN by rural and urban areas (Zambia 2006–2012)
Urban Rural National0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
38 37.7 37.8
58.863.9 62.3
56.9
68.564.362.3
71.968.1
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Household ownership of at least one ITN by province (Zambia 2006–2012).
Weste
rn
Lusa
ka
Central
Much
inga
Copperbelt
Southern
North-W
estern
Northern
Eastern
Luapula
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
67.0
26.7
48.4
38.8
30.4
46.942.3
15.7
33.2
40.433.8
55.451.0
93.7
57.2
69.9
48.4
86.5
74.369.8
74.7
49.9
74.069.5
62.366.1
72.8
57.8
75.7
50.151.955.4 55.7
62.2 62.4 63.7
77.883.1
87.5 90.02006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Percentage of households with an ITN to sleeping space ratio of least one-to-one (Zambia 2008–2012)
Urban
Rural
Lusaka
Central
Weste
rn
Copperbelt
Southern
Muchinga
North-W
estern
Eastern
Northern
Luapula
National0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
28.734.1 33.8
16.5 17.322.8
38.1
68.6
29.9
39.3
51.8
31.1 32.5
23.7
40.4
18.1
35.7
55.5
27.1
40.0
48.543.6 42.5
35.0
19.6
34.3
47.9
60.4
37.642.8 43.2
50.6 50.654.9
62.4
72 73.5
83
55.3
2008 2010 2012
Per
cent
age
ITN use by children under age five years by rural and urban areas (Zambia 2006–2012)
Urban Rural National0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
25.2 24.0 24.0
37.842.3 41.0
44.3
52.550.050.9
60.157.1
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
ITN use by children under age five years by province (Zambia 2006–2012)
Lusaka
Southern
Weste
rn
Muchinga
Central
Copperbelt
North-W
estern
Northern
Luapula
Eastern
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
11.3
29.7
44.0
21.1
30.2
20.1 21.5
9.4
28.3 27.3
42.7
32.3
20.4
69.4
20.8
34.5 35.1
65.1
45.4
53.8
37.5
51.6
63.9
50.7
58.1
47.1
60.5
40.034.2
65.3
40.5 43.0 45.151.1 53.2 54.9 55.9
65.0
77.6 79.92006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
ITN use among household members by age group (Zambia 2006–2012)
0–4 5–9 10–14
15–19
20–24
25–29
30–34
35–39
40–44
45–49
50–54
55–59
60–64
65–69
70–74
75–79
80+0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
24.3
14.912.0 12.8
18.3
24.0 24.4 24.9 23.7 23.020.1 18.5
15.013.2
20.5 19.0 18.7
41.1
28.8
22.0 21.6
33.6
40.5
44.941.7
43.7 42.3
37.8 38.636.6 35.5
31.1
40.5
36.3
49.9
36.3
30.227.8
39.4
49.851.7 50.2
52.147.9
46.143.3 44.4
39.341.4
31.9
41.1
57.1
45.4
37.1 36.7
45.7
51.1
56.258.6 59.7 61.0
47.6
42.2
47.851.4
39.841.8
44.7
2006 2008 20102012
Age in years
Perc
enta
ge
Households reported sprayed within the previous 12 months (Zambia 2006–2012)
National Urban Rural0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
9.5
26.2
0.8
14.9
35.3
5.8
23.1
37.9
14.6
29.133.8
18.9
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Households reported sprayed within the previous 12 months, by province (Zambia 2006–2012)
Northern
Lusaka
Weste
rn
Luapula
North-W
estern
Southern
Central
Muchinga
Eastern
Copperbelt
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0.5
11.3
1.3 03.7
7.112
0 1.9
34.2
1.1
29.3
0 0.3
15.1 15.519.3
0 0.7
46.3
12.8
31.928
17.8
7.6
23.6
12.6 12.314.6
43.4
10 11.9 12.216.3
21.2 21.625.2
30.134.6
48.82006 2008 2010 2012
Households reporting either at least one ITN or house sprayed or both (Zambia 2006–2012)
2006 2008 2010 2012 2006 2008 2010 2012Any ITN or IRS Any ITN and IRS
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
43.2
68.372.9 73.4
4.18.9
14.519.1
53.4
72.972.8
71.1
10.8
21.2 21.925.1
37.9
66.372.9 75.8
0.6 3.410.2
15.1
National Urban Rural
Perc
enta
ge
Women with recent births reporting coverage of IPTp two doses and three doses, by urban and rural areas
(Zambia 2010–2012)
Urban Rural National0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
78.7
65.770.2
59.2
43.949.2
77.80
69.4072.50
63.8
49.154.3
IPT2 2010IPT3 2010IPT2 2012IPT3 2012
Fever prevalence with the preceding two weeks among children under age five years (Zambia 2006–2012)
<12m 12–23m 24–35m 36–47m 48–59m Urban Rural National0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
30.3
40.9
33.930.7
27.4
19.3
37.4
33.2
27.1
34.5
28.725.5
24.0 24.3
29.528.128.5
37.2 36.338.4
30.4
26.1
37.534.1
19.0
24.0
28.1 27.2
22.6
13.2
29.3
24.2
Age in months
2006 2008 2010 2012
Perc
enta
ge
Percentage of febrile children under age five years with a reported finger stick for presumed diagnostic testing services
and parasitologic confirmation (Zambia 2008–2012)
Urban
Rural
National
Lusaka
Weste
rn
Northern
Muchinga
Luapula
Southern
Central
Eastern
North-W
estern
Copperbelt
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
15.39.5 10.9
20.8
0.15.1
10.815.2
17.9
3.4 5.4
29.4
10.4
21.015.4 16.7 15.2
19.3
6.2
16.6 15.1 15.111.2
17.6
27.8 28.231.1 32.6 32.3
14.419.9
26.4 27.7 28.5 30.834.1
43.7
54.3 56.62008 2010 2012
Per
cent
age
Among febrile children taking antimalarial, the percentage of antimalarial drug taken (Zambia 2006–2012)
ART-LUM SP Quinine Other antimalarials0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
18.2
55.5
6.4
19.9
29.5
47.8
7.7
15.1
76.2
10.6 11.8
1.5
85.2
8.5 5.5
0.8
2006 2008 2010 2012
Per
cent
age
Percentage of people with recent fever who reportedly sought treatment outside of the home, across age
Age 0-4(N=972)
Age 5+(N=1848)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
63%58%55%
44%51%
41%
2% 0%4% 3%10% 13%
Any source outside of the homeAppropriate provider (CHW, public or private facility)Public facilityCHWPrivate facilityOther private (pharmacy, shop)
% P
eopl
e w
ith
feve
r
Source: MIS 2012 woman’s questionnaire
Percentage of patients with suspected malaria who received a blood test for malaria, across level of care and patient age
Health post (N=86)
Rural health center (N=116)
Urban health center (N=117)
Hospital (N=110)
All patients age 5+ (N=429)
Health post (N=97)
Rural health center (N=134)
Urban health center (N=102)
Hospital (N=102)
All patients age 0-4 (N=435)
Fac
ility
type
:
Fac
ility
type
:
Age
5+
Age
0-4
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
55%
53%
81%
79%
64%
60%
70%
76%
78%
71%
% Patients with suspected malaria
Source: HFS 2011
Percentage of patients who were prescribed the first line ACT (AL) across blood test results, patient age, and level of care
Health post (N=26)Rural health center (N=29)
Urban health center (N=28)Hospital (N=36)
All patients age 5+ (N=119)Health post (N=24)
Rural health center (N=50)Urban health center (N=15)
Hospital (N=22)All patients age 0-4 (N=111)
Health post (N=31)Rural health center (N=42)
Urban health center (N=59)Hospital (N=44)
All patients age 5+ (N=176)Health post (N=42)
Rural health center (N=46)Urban health center (N=59)
Hospital (N=48)All patients age 0-4 (N=195)
Fac
ility
type
:
Fac
ility
type
:
Fac
ility
type
:
Fac
ility
type
:
Age
5+
Age
0-4
Age
5+
Age
0-4
Pos
itive
blo
od te
stN
egat
ive
bloo
d te
st
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
97%98%
79%
82%89%
97%87%
82%87%86%
2%12%13%
12%12%
4%10%12%
16%
11%
% Patients with suspected malariaSource: HFS 2011
Percentage of patients prescribed AL who demonstrated full comprehension of the drug regimen (duration, dosage, and
number of times per day), across patient age and level of care
Health post (N=28)
Rural health center (N=46)
Urban health center (N=33)
Hospital (N=41)
All patients age 5+ (N=148)
Health post (N=29)
Rural health center (N=60)
Urban health center (N=21)
Hospital (N=26)
All patients age 0-4 (N=136)
Fac
ility
type
:
Fac
ility
type
:
Age
5+
Age
0-4
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
67%
58%
60%
75%
61%
81%
74%
65%
87%
73%
% Patients prescribed AL
Source: HFS 2011
Summary• Slight decrease in parasite prevalence between 2010 and 2012,
but still and overall decline compared to 2006• Improving quality ITN distributions through door-to-door
campaigns, particularly in Luapula, Muchinga, and Eastern– More ITNs per household to cover all sleeping spaces– Increase in use among all ages, including U5s and PW
• General shift in IRS coverage from urban to more malarious, rural areas
• IPTp continues to remain high, including more than half of women receiving 3 doses during pregnancy
• Trend in improving use of ACTs among antimalarials and increasing amounts of testing for febrile episodes
Recommendations (1)• Changes in parasite prevalence and severe anemia, while reduced in some
areas, have stagnated in several key areas of the country. It is recommended to examine approaches to maximizing the use of existing prevention and treatment interventions in combinations to exact the greatest impact on localized malaria burden.
• Re-establish high ITN ownership and use in areas of the country that dropped between 2010 and 2012 including Southern, Western, Central provinces provinces and encourage continued sustained coverage of ITNs uptake among all households and household members throughout the country.
• The effort to reach to last 30% of households is likely to be more difficult than reaching the 70% presently reached. The National Malaria Control Program recommends house to house distribution for replacement and current strategies should align to attain highest coverage possible. Full coverage at community level benefits all members of the community, including the most vulnerable populations of children under five and pregnant women.
Recommendations (2)
• Continue to strategically offer IRS services to areas with malaria to maximize the potential of malaria burden reduction, complementing current IRS and ITN efforts and in conjunction with an integrated vector management framework.
• Continue to expand case management, including diagnostics for parasitologic confirmation of suspected malaria cases, and consider that screening populations and treating those with infection may be important to further curtail malaria transmission. This latter effort would be especially appropriate in areas with continued and persistent high levels of malaria parasitaemia and transmission to supplement existing malaria prevention interventions.
