SITUATED CREATIVITYweb.mit.edu/%7Ejgero/www/02%A54.208%A5SituatedCreativity.pdfSITUATED CREATIVITY....

MIT Class 4.208 Spring 2002

SITUATED CREATIVITY


Unexpected discoveries-UXD (emergence)and new functions as goals-Ginv1 –Empirical results

50 100 150 200 250 300

segment number

0-2

-1

0

1

2

3UXD Ginv1

correlation period = 37%

from Suwa, Gero and Purcell 1998


Constructive memory

S I T U A T I O N

EXPERIENCE MEMORIES


Constructive memory


Hypothesizing

pull

push

Interpretation

ExternalWorld

ExpectedWorld

InterpretedWorld

Action

SITUATEDNESS: An interaction ofdifferent worlds


Process Theory of Designingbased on FBS

PROCESS THEORY ofDESIGNING1 = formulation2 = synthesis3 = analysis4 = evaluation5 = documentation6 = reformulation -17 = reformulation -28 = reformulation -3

F = function = transformationBe = expected behavior = comparisonBs = behavior derived from structureS = structureD = design description


push-pullfocussingcomparisontransformation

SITUATED FBS THEORY OFDESIGNING


Formulation


Synthesis


Analysis


Evaluation


Documentation


Reformulation Type 1


Initial Representation


Example

Sepulchral Church, Sir John Soane, 1796


Learning the situatednessCs1

Cs2Sm Ad

PrRc

FocusSituation

Duality

Sm

Pr

Ad

Rc

Focus

Situation

Situation

f1t1

f2

t2


Multiple situations

R30

R31

R28

R29

k1 k2

k3k4

Focus

R32

SituationR27

R26

R24

R25

k2

k3k5

Focus Situation

k1

k2

k3k6

Focus Situation

k1

(F1) (t102)(F1) (t101)

(F1) (t1)

Regularity I

Regularity II

Regularity III


Duality between focus and situation – or why differentdesigners see different things in the same externalrepresentation

R30

R31

R28

R29

k1 k2

k3k4

Focus

R32

SituationR27

R26

R24

R25

k2

k3k5

Focus Situation

k1

k2

k3k6

Focus Situation

k1

(F1) (t102)(F1) (t101)

(F1) (t1)

k2

k1k5

Focus Situation

(F3) (t3)

k3

k2

k3K1

Focus Situation

k6

(F6) (t6)

k1

k2

k3

k4

Focus Situation(F4) (t4)

Regularity I

Regularity II

Regularity III


Cs3

Cs3(a)

Cs2(a)


Implementation

S2

S3

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S1

S2

(a) (b)

S2

S3

S1

S1

S1

S1

S2

S3

S1

S1

S1

S1

S3S3

S3

(c) (d)


(a)

(b) (c)

S5

S2

S5

S5

S2

S5

S1

S2

S5

S1

Providing different moves(alternatives) in responseto design actions


SITUATED ANALYSIS

Pedestrians may be attracted to other pedestrians or objects.

Pedestrians try to maintain a comfortable distance fromobstacles like walls.

Pedestrians try to maintain a comfortable distance from otherpedestrians.

Pedestrians try to move as efficiently as possible to adestination.

Description of situated social force

1 2

3

4

pedestrian

obstacle

destination

attraction

repulsion

• Designing doors


Narrow door


Wide door


Two doors


Situated Sketching (after Stiny & Schön)

An area of interest is focused on.

Memory constructed from previous, recalled experiences.

Situations are constructed/recalled.

“Interesting” new shapes are learned.

�

�

�

�

�

Situated “Reflection-in-Action”

source(s)...

target

goal

UXDperceivingagent

targetre-represented

sourcere-represented

targetcanonical

representation

source canonicalrepresentation

biasing

situated analogicalconjecture

non situatedanalogical conjecture

InputParser

design problem

DesignChooser

target design

RepresentationMaker

canonical representationof target

Design Analyzeralternative goal

RepresentationMaker

re-presentation oftarget

Analogy Makeranalogical conjecture

RepresentationMaker

directed representationof set of source designs

Analogy Makerset of source

designs

Output Formattermodified target design“reflection

”framing

analogymaking

design

context

part

relation

behaviour

behaviour

behaviour

function

functionattribute

behaviour

part

part

relation

attribute

attribute

attributefunction

function

behaviour

causal link

relevancy link


horizontalsupport

backsupport

elevation

function:providecomfortablesitting

CHAIR“in user context”(canonicalcontext)


function:providecompactness

CHAIR“in storage”(alternativecontext)

Behaviour: self-fitting

B: internal cavity

B: fit side edges

B: fit inverted


CUP“on dinner table”(canonical context)

Function:provide drinkcontainer

thermoinsulation

hold liquidcontents

‘flat white’


CUP“in storage”(alternativecontext)

Function:providecompactness

Behaviour: self-fitting

B: fit inverted

B: fit top-bottom

B: internal cavity

B:conical shape


Behaviour Match: internal cavity

Analogical conjecture: cup(bottom) - chair(seat)

cup(side) -chair(legs)

Structure Feature Transfer: conical shape

Behaviour Mapping: fit top-bottom


analogical conjecture

TARGET:

modified structure

SITUATED CREATIVITYweb.mit.edu/%7Ejgero/www/02%A54.208%A5SituatedCreativity.pdfSITUATED CREATIVITY....

Documents

Transcript of SITUATED CREATIVITYweb.mit.edu/%7Ejgero/www/02%A54.208%A5SituatedCreativity.pdfSITUATED CREATIVITY....