Sistem an Atas Ukrida
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Anatomi sistem pernapasan
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Rangka tulang dan tulang rawan hidung
Proc frontalis maxillae
Bgn nasal ossis frontalis
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Dinding lateral dan dinding medial rongga hidung
Lateral : medialConcha nasalis dan meatus nasi
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Pendarahan hidung
11111
1
1. A. ethmoidalis ant & post
2. A. sphenopalatina
3. A. palatina major
4. A. labialis superior
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Persarafan hidung
1. N. trigeminus: N. ethmoidalis anterior, N. infraorbitalis, N. alveolaris superior anterior, cabang ggl pterygopalatinum
2. Otonom secretomotorik: N. petrosusu superficialis major
3. Vasomotorik: N. petrosus profundus
4. N. olfactorius
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Sinus paranasalis
Sinus frontalis
Cellulae ethmoidales
Sinus sphenoidalis
Sinus maxillaris
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Sinus paranasalisSinus frontalis bermuara di bagian anterior hiatus semilunaris/meatus nasi medius
Cellulae ethmoidalis ant : infundibulum ethmoidale atau duct frontonasalis
Cellulae ethm medius bulla ethm atau meatus nasi medius
Cellulae ethm post meatus nasi sup
Sinus sphenoidalis recessus spheno-etthmoidalis
Sinus maxillaris meatus nasi medius
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Persarafan sinus paranasalis
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sinus paranasalis
• Persarafan
Frontal: N. supraorbitalis
Ethmoid: Nn. Ethmoid ant & post, R. orbital Ggl. pterygopalatinum
Sphenoid: N. ethmoid post, R. orbit. Ggl. Pterygopalatinum
Maxill: N. infra orbital, Alveol sup
• Pendarahan:
F: A. suprairbital & ethmoid ant
E : A. ethmoid ant & post, A. sphenopalatina
S: A. ethmoid post & maxillar interna
M: A. facial, A. palatin major, A. infraorbital, Aa. Alveolar sup
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Penampang sagital pharynx dan larynx
Pharynx membentang dari basis cranii- V.C 6/ cart cricoidea
Distal: oesophagus
Di dorsal dan lateral dikelilingi jar longgar yang mengisi spatium peripharyngeale
Di ventral berhubungan dengan R. hidung, R. mulut dan Larynx
Pharynx = tekak
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Pandangan dorsal pharynx bagian dalam
Pharynx dibagi 3 bagian: nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Batas nasoph –R. hidung: choanae
Batas oroph-R. mulut: isthmus oropharyngeum/isthmus faucium
Batas laryngoph-larynx: aditus laryngis
Batas nasoph – oroph: isthmus pharyngeum
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Spatium peripharyngealeSpatium parapharyngeale (pharyngeale laterale) dan retropharyngeale
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Spatium peripharyngeale
Berisi proc styloideus, otot-otot, arteri, vena dan saraf, serta lig.
ParapharyngealeV-l: R. mandibula + M. pterygoid med/intP-l: gl. ParotisM: ddg lateral phaeynxCa: fl. Submandibularis + M. stylohyoideusD: carotid sheath
retropharyngeale:Cr: basis craniiCa: retrovoserale, sampai V. Th.4D: fascia alaris
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Otot-otot lingkar pharynxPterygoph, buccoph, myloph, glossoph
Chondroph, ceratoph
Thyreoph, cricoph
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Ketiga otot membujur menuju pharynx
Pangkal: proc styloideus, torus tubarius cartilaginis tubae dan palatum molle
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Otot-otot pharynx pada permukaan superior palatum molle
Bag M. palatopharyngeus
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Penutupan isthmus pharyngeum
1. Palatum molle terangkat oleh M. levator veli palatini
2. Pembentukan lipatan Passavant oleh :
M. Sphincter palatopharyngeal
M. Salpingopharyngeus
M. Constrictor pharyngeus superior
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Struktur nasopharynx
Torus tubarius
Ost tubae auditivae
Recessus pharyng
Tonsila phar/adenoid
Plica salpingophar
Torus levatorius
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Struktur oropharynx dari sisi rongga mulut
Tonsilla palatina pada sinus tonsillaris di dinding lateral
Antara.arcus palato-glossus & arcus palatopharyngeus
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Nadi pharynx
a. Phar asc, a. palat asc, r. tonsil a. facial, a. palat maj, a.canal pterygoid, r. dors linguae.
Pendarahan tonsil palatina:R. tonsillar A. facialisR. dors linguaeA. phar ascA. palatina majorA. palatina asc
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Vena pharynx
Atas: pl. pterygoid
Bawah: V. jugularis int + V. facialis
Dinding lateral phar setinggi tonsil palatina:
V, palatina ext /paratonsilar berbahaya terputus pada tonsilectomi
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Saraf pharynx
Plexus pharyngeus
Persarafan tonsil palatina:N. palatina minorN. glossopharyng
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Tulang rawan larynx dan jaringan ikat
Jaringan ikat: ekstrinsik dan intrunsik
Epiglottis, cart thyreoidea, cartcricoidea, cart arytaenoidea, cart cuneiforme , cart corniculatum
Larynx memiliki dua sendi, ikat-ikat dan otot ekstrinsik dan intrinsik
Larynx = pangkal tenggorok
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Ikat-ikat dan selaput intrinsik larynx
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Bagian-bagian cavum laryngis
A. Vestibulum laryngis (daerah supraglottis) antara aditus laryngis dengan plica vestibularis.
B. Bagian tengah (daerah glottis): dari rima vestibuli (celah antar kedua plica vestibularis) sampai rima glottidis (celah antara kedua plica vocalis),.
C. Bagian bawah: infraglottis, dari plica vocalis menuju tepi bawah cartilago cricoidea.
Lanjutan: trachea
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Otot-otot intrinsik larynx
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Otot-otot intrinsik larynx
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Fungsi otot-otot intrinsik larynx dibagi tiga kelompok
mengubah glottis: a. membuka : M. cricoarytaenoideus posterior, b. menutup : M. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis, M. arytaenoideus obliquus, M. arytaenoideus transversus, M. thyreoarytaenoideus, M. cricothyreoideus. mengatur ketegangan lig. vocale: a. menegangkan : M. cricothyreoideus, M. cricoarytaenoideus posterior. b. mengendurkan : M. thyreoarytaenoideus, M. vocalis, M. cricoarytaenoideus lateralis. mengubah aditus laryngis: a. menutup : M. arytaenoideus obliquus, M. aryepiglotticus, M. thyreoarytaenoideus b. membuka : M. thyreoepiglotticus.
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Mekanisme kerja otot intrinsik larynx
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Gerak plica vocalis pada pernapasan
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Persarafan larynx (1)
n. Laryngeus inferior = lanjutan N. recurrent. N. lat inf kiri dipercabang kan setinggi arcus aorta, di sisi facies mediastinalis paru kiri.
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Persarafan larynx (2)
n. Laryngeus inferior = lanjutan N. recurrent. N. lar inf kiri dipercabangkan setinggi arcus aorta, di sisi facies mediastinalis paru kiri.
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Struktur sekitar bagian ventral larynx dan trachea
Tracheotomi : cincin trachea 3-4
Trachea:
Cincin trachea
Pars membranosa
Ligg. anularia
Trachea = tenggorok
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Cabang-cabang trachea dan bronchus
Setinggi discus intervertebrale Th. 4/5 trachea bercabang menjadi bronchus primer/principalis dexter dan sinister