Sir Roger L´Estrange - History of the Press in the 17th Century - George Kitchin 1913

476
SIR ROGER L'ESTRANGE A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF THE PRESS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY GEORGE KITCHIN M.A. (EDIN.), B.LITT. (OXON.) LECTURER IN ENGLISH LITERATURE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH With 1 1 full-fiage lates r, LONDON

Transcript of Sir Roger L´Estrange - History of the Press in the 17th Century - George Kitchin 1913

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CO.,
LTD.
BROADWAY
HOUSE,
68-74
CARTER
LANE,
E.C.
1913
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public
which
can
approach
the
seventeenth
century
by
more
direct
means
than
those
pro-ided
by
the
popular
novelist.
After
Sir
Sidney
Lee's
great
article
in
the
Dictionary
of
National
Biography
a
separate
life
was
inevitable
the
Presbyterians,
have
a
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can
generally
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story
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malice.
As
to
his
honesty
and
sincerity
there
is
not
much
doubt.
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and 1910.
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Apology
to
Clarendon
67
xi
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PAGE
The
Press
the Post
Counter-
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the
reign
Their
effect
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OF
ENGLISH
LITERA
TURE
431
INDEX
433
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Frontispiece
To
face
p.
64
130
140
180
192
198
224
256
258
368
XV
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finds
his
editors,
he
provides
for
the
student
of
literature
a
large
field
of
enquiry.
1
A
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provided
the
to
East
Anglia,
with
some
piquant
if
pathetic
notes
on
the
(1839).
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I.
1
Memento,
1662.
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4
Letters
and
Speeches
of
Cromwell
(1850),
i.,
227.
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Lincoln
have
been
expended
before
Lynn
was
seized.
Kingston,
p.
274.
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affair
at
Gainsborough
Kingston,
p.
294.
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August
and
September.
As
had for
Old
Lynn
is
taken.
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gun-owder
taken,
80,
and
Humble
Apology
to
Clarendon,
p.
4.
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Rept.,
p.
101.
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may
be
given
them
from
any
of
our
nearest
garrisons.
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no
'.
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authority
of
the
Court
to
try
him
was
met
by
the
production
of
the
Parliamentary
1
Vicars,
ibid.
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.
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or
Anlieus
for
30th
December
1644,
p.
1322.
No
mention
of
L'Estrange's
case
is
made
in
Mercurial
Au/icus.
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the
conference
which
must
have
taken
place,
and
Essex
was
scarcely
likely
to
act
alone
in
the
known
temper
ot
the
Commons.
Rushworth
(vi.,
808).however,
mentions
the
timely
appearance
of
a
trumpeter
from
Oxford.
B
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and
Loyalty
Vindicated
(1662),
p.
38.
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its
authenticity
ee
Appendix.
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men.
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events,
with
a
more
particular
account
of
L'Estrange's
eccentric
part
History
of
Rebellion,vi.,
27.
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year
1650.
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502, 23).
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Resolution
of
the
Knights,
Gentry,
and
Freeholders
of
the
Count)/
of
Kent.
(Wood,
502
(13)).
4
Clarendon
State
Papers,
29th
May
1648,
No.
2791.
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Sandwich3.
It
was
here
that
Roger's
fatal
epistolary
facility
was
Heath,
1
'.The
frothy
murmur
of
the
giddy
multitude
not
being
taken
to
his
trial,
is
late
appeal,
etc.
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men,
was
not
ill-timed,
History,
xiii.,
385.
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(Ibid.).
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Ibid.
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Calais
at
Penenden
Heath
utterly
disheartened
event,
L'Estrange.
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Ye
for
an
Impreze
on
your
parcels
set
That
Kentishmen
were
never
beaten
yet'.
8
L'Estrange,
Hu
Apology,
June
1660
33
c
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manifestoes.
presented
a
copy
in
'.
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ventured home.
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and
to
act
Qbteroator
(1684),ii.,
No.
80.
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no
aptitude
to
play
the
country
squire.
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clubs
Italian
conquest.
Amid
countless
gibes
at
Roger's
accomplish-
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Boyer
(Queen
Anne
(1722),
p.
38)
repeated
the
scandal
which
thereafter
died
out.
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renegado
Royalists
and
mercenary
Denham.
Davenaut
Evelyn',
etc.
3
Memento
(1662),
pt.
i.
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;
Private
affections
he
scarcely
knew.
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had
arrived,
if
they
were
not
to
that
it
was
i
Memento
(1662),
pt.
i.
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his
knowledge
in
language
to
be
as
imperfect
as
his
History,'
p.
491.
See
Eachard,
Hist,
of
Eng.
(1720),
ii.,
846.
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approaching
confusion
and
the
hesitancy
to
which
they
were
reduced,
than
the
absence
almost
up
to
'.
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calling
for
a
22
(56).
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'.
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of
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen,
30th
April
1660,
E.
1023
(2).
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They
were
shortly
(towards
and
that
royal
person
Memento
(1662),
pt.
i.
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Apology
furnishes,
and
on
that
account
is
seldom
quoted
as
his
the
danger
with
his
publisher,
Harry
Bromo.
See
Discover//
upon
Discovery,
680.
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opinion
that
a
Republic
is
best
lilted
for
a
trading
community
i*
noteworthy
and
will
recur.
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Devon'1,
in
Coy.,
2nd
February
1660.
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House,
it
was
believed
by
sober
persons,
that
they
might
have
carried
it.
About
one
in
the
morning,
the
revolted
party
was
false-alarmed,
and
persuaded
out
of
(he
Protectorate,
n.,
271.
'Errors
in
raising
money
are
the
compendious
ways
to
cause
a
general
discontentment'.
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negative.
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good
sense
to
do
little
more
rapid
fury
of
criticism.
Masson,
Milton,
iii.,
57.
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brethren,
as
to
deny
a
Common-ealth
Directory
Har.
Misc.,
iii.,
S8.
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',
of
Livewell
framing
of
manifestoes,
etc.
a
Apology,
(36).
See
Roger's
reply
to
this
tract,
A
Sober
Answer,
etc.,
27th
March,
1660.
4
Not
in
Thomason
Collection.
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'
by
Marchmont
Xedham
and
convoyed
to
the
printers
and
booksellers
by
Praise-Cod-Barebones.
March
(669
f.
24(47)).
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the
Rump.
See
article
on
the
Newsbooks
and
Letters
of
News
at
the
Restoration,
by
Mr
J.
B.
Williams,
April
1908
(Ung.
Hist.
Rev.)
4
L'Estrange
answered
the
Alarm
to
the
Army
with
Double
your
Guards.
(E.
1019
(19)).
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Loil.
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Royalists
were
better
engaged
in
directing
the
people
how
to
vote3,
since
the
danger
that
7.
Thurloe,
Tii.,887,
and
the
King's
Declaration
from
Breda
(Somer's
Tracts,vi.,
562).
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name
accursed,
80.
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Plea
for
the
Caveai.
A
bitter
note
of
Dartmouth's
to
Burnet's
History
ascribed
the
policy
to
Clarendon.
See
p.
69,
note,
67
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1653
to
send
an
assurance
to
'Mr
L'Estrange
in
Germany'
that
the
rumour
of
the
King's
apostasy
was
false,
shows
that,
'.
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For the former
App.
to
7th
Kept.
96(b).
Set
chap.
i.
19.
The
Act
of
Indemnity
blotted
out
all
offences
since
1st
Juno
1G37-
Lords'
Journals,
xi.,240,
379.
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3
Continuation,
ii.,
36.
4
Chap,
ii.,
45.
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Nicholas
concerning
the
Sealed
Knot.
4
Continuation,
ii.,
38.
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Journalism
(1909),
p.
259.
a
Obscrvalor,
ii.,
80
(June,
168-1).
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of
the
Protectorate,
ii.,78,
note.
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10th
March
W61,
E.
1857
(2).
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compact
of
silence
referred
to
is
scarcely
possible
for
us
to
1
The
Hohj
f 8-60.
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1661.
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course
corrobated
by
Kennet
[Register,
p.
232).
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232.
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passed.
The
Independents
shuffled
them
through
when
the
Presbyterians
were
dining.
4
Relapsed
A
postate
Advertisement.
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man
hath
no
great
disputing
faculty
and
wholly
a
stranger
to
me
and
the
facts,
but
being
of
a
bold
April,
1662.
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with
the
Nonconformists,
was
ejected
December
1662,
with
the
narrative
of
whose
savage
treatment
Bagshawe
was
attempting
to
console
himself
under
like
severity.
O.S.
P.D.
(1664-f ),
L'Estrange's
character,
chap.
xi.
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degrees
of
abuse.
To
contest
the
Presbyterians
that
they
originally
helped
on
the
Restoration,
a
claim
which,
as
we
saw,
L'Estrange
was
very
much
inclined
to
encourage
no
reason
to
publish
anonymously
then.
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?
with
the
guilt
of
the
King's
blood '.
See
chap.
iii.,
p.
80,
note.
2
Oldmixon,
i.,
488.
3
Toleratwii
JUiscuss'd,
p.
44.
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were
reprinted
1681-2.
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taking
him
as
the
spokesman
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,
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loyalty,
the
from
the
discontent
of
noble
families'.
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'.
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92.
6
His
Apology
to
Clarendon,
Jane
1662.
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also
Introduction
to
C.S.P.D.
(1661-2),
pp.
8-9
for
The
Jlumlle
Remonstrance
and
Complaint
qf
Your
Majesty's
Royal
and
Loyal
Party.
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printers.
He
awaited
the
passage
of
the
delayed
Press
Act
to
come
into
now
become
very
ancient
and
pious,
a
his
father
and
himself,
and
at
the
same
time
set
aside
many
of
a
Party,
a
dis-greeable
situation
for
a
Prince,
and
always
the
source
of
much
injustice
and
oppression'.
Hume,
Hist,
of
Eng.,
viii.,
167.
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with
the
1
For
a
list
of
writers
on
this
subject
see
Appendix.
95
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have lived
nave
the
Imprimatur.
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of
Seymour
v.
The
Stationers.
1678,
affirmed
the
Royal
the date of its introduction 2. The
lawyers
who
approved
or
further
'.
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Hi.,
704.
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cases
in
this
reign.
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Relating
to
the
Proceedings
Pari.
Hist.,xvi.,
1264.
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exercised their duties
by
the
Claimed
by
one
of
Milton's
first
biographers,
'Poland,
as
a
convert
to
Areopugiticu.
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to
70.
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and
Arber,
Register,
v.,
13-16.
3
Desborough's
letter
to
Chapman
quoted
chap.
ii.
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particularly
most
important
discovery,
the
result
of
his
own
unrewarded
vigilance
in
July
and
August
of
this
year
hands
of
a
Licenser '.
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i
See
their
Petition,
1662-
1.
in
excellent
note
on
the
Law
Monopoly,
Viner,
Abridgment
(1742),
ami.,
208.
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King
a
kindness
to
stop
1
Relapsed
Apostate,
Introduction,
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one
binding
do
certainly
make
up
one
of
the
most
audacious
and
dangerous
libels
that
hath
ever
been
made
public,
and
they
aro
now
printing
it
in
Dutch
too,
for
the
greater
honour
of
the
scandal '.
Considerations
and
Proposals,
663.
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ludicrous
onough.
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386,
somewhat
of
a
compliment
to
Chapman.
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restitution,
H.M.C.,
7th
Kept.,
p.
19c .
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(from
a
nourishing
condition)
been
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60
(149),
and
a
letter
of
his
(no
date)
Hid.
(150),
both
setting
forth
the
Stationers
enormities.
2
See
p.
320.
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The fate
of the
a
design
levelled
at
the
very
person
12th October 1663.
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(1869),
ii..
517.
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far from sedition '.
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'.
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was a
the blood
State
Trials,
vi.,
212.
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late
King,
affirming
it
to
13th
August
1666.
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'.
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Buckinghamshire,
s
State
Trials,
vi.,
710.
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1663.
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proposed
Bill,
probably
belonging
to
1660-1,
and
in
any
case
prior
to
L'Estrange's
rule
in
the
Press.
126
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referred to above.
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late
liberty
had
misdemeanour'.
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pamphlet
of
some
celebrity,
217)hasinmind
when
he
draws
his
baleful
picture
of
L'Estrange's
rule.
Needless
to
say
the
reality
needed
no
exaggeration.
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1'ROrOSAI.S
[Face
p.
130.
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was
not
forthcoming.
From
author
to
bookseller
or
hawker
there
might
be
a
dozen
people
engaged.
The
plan
is
to
themselves
perforce
with
nothing
but
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to
extrude
as
they
saw
lit.
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Yet
their
numbers
are
more
like
60
with
100
journeymen,
than
20
with
40,
and
this
withal
without
counting
the
interlopers.
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the
language
of
a
minority
report.
It
accepts
unhesitatingly
a
doubtful
good,
a
thing
to
be
referred
continually
to
a
Government
department
loyal
inconvenience
that
may
redound
to
the
public
from
the
mismanagement
of
the
Press.
 b'ee
also
Modern
Reports,
i.,
256.
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The conviction of the
last
writing
in
which
is
tenfold,
because
no
authors
can
be
found
out,
or
punished
if
they
are.
And
Press
did
more
Lee, ii.,46).
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to
for
Regulating
the
Press,
Tcmrn
r
MSS.
C.
739
(141).
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history,
which
is
no
doubt
true.
In
corroborating
Withers'
tale
of
their
iniquities,
24.
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some
melancholy
remarks
on
the
subject.
Spectator,
No.
582,
Morley'a
ed.,
p.
825.
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Politicus,
o.
615).
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/^o.
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'
following
shape
of
news.
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the
book
has
been
to
cry
and
1
I.e.,
ale.
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the
Surveyor
of
the
Press
(at
his
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21).
S
the
tirst
number
of
Heraclitus,
13th
February
1681,
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his friends.
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'.
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the
City
churches
during
these
mouths.
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licensed
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matter,
who
having
had
the
good
15.
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'.
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C.S.P.
1).
(1665-6),
p.
22.
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1663,
to
 400
or
note.
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on
hove
for
one
quarter
for
which
he
is
to
have
 1,
5s. '.
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he
wrote
the
new
Gazet
conception
news.
i
C.S.P.D.
(1666-7),
p.
21.
2
Ibid.,
pp.
193-4.
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Catholic
ambitions
still
Car.,
ii.,
132
(28),
129
(44).
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fallen
in
during
the
Commonwealth,
and
set
themselves
up
in
an
estate
and
pride
far
beyond
the
golden
time
of
Laud,
and
that
at
a
moment
of
decliuing
trade.
The
multiplied
offices
stoughton,
Out,
qf
Religion
in
England,
iii.,
'34-5.
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196,
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King
himself
was
largely
to
 
C,S.P.D.
(1664-5),
p.
78.
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described.
i
C.S.P.D.
(1667-8),
and
Ach'dophd.
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force
is
dated
16th
July
1669,
O.S.P.D,
(1668-9),
p.
412.
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of libel
is swollen
continue,
apologies
which
were
the
sure
and
to
prosecute,
227.
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spring
'.
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Wardens,
10th
August
1667.
Nichol,
LU.
Anec.,
Hi.,
578.
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one
'.
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of
a
Scotch
letter,
endorsed
by
L'Kstrange,
Whiggim
and
Treason.
Sir
Philip
Musgrave,
Sir
J.
Knight
of
Bristol
and
L'Estrange
are
the
most
vigilant
watchdogs.
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616.
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357,
24th
April
1668.
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430.
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a
gentleman
Cur.,
ii.,
238,
No.
179.
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Defend
qfthe
Church
of
England,
etc.,
by
Eleanor
James,
1687;
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Car.,
ii.,
238
(202).
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exhibited the
S.
P.
Dom.
Car.,
ii.,
243
(126).
M
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for
treating
Col.
John
Streater
differently
from
others.
Lord's
Journals,
xv.,
5456.
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loth
August
1667.
S.
I'.
Born.
Car.,
ii..
Entry
Book
28,
p.
1.
0
Introduction
to
Relapsed
Apostate.
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entire
Trade
was
23.
In
other
words,
the
destitution
consequent
on
timber
for
a
year,
etc.
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409.
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The
survey
of
July
was
claims
and
history
of
ten
printers
are
stated
in
this
important
paper.
See
p.
193.
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rough
draft
of
this
letter
by
tho
Law
Officers.
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already
failed,
and
from
right
to
print
any
be done.
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were
again
overrun
by
deserters
Parliament
made
it
impossible
to
adopt
the
summary
treatment
of
1661-4,
for
much
carried
them
to
Stationers
Hall,
when
they
might
be
secretly
returned
to
the
owner
or
sold
by
themselves.
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pirated
copies.
At
P.
Bom.
Car.,
ii.,275,
No.
155,
19th
May
1670.
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above.
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fighting
line.
We
shall
find,
however,
that
the
grant
of
blank
papers
recently
obtained
was
a
most
lucrative
source
to
him,
and
a
corresponding
irritation
to
others.
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a
copy
print
that
such
a
Bond
may
be
required
and
taken'
(both
by
Members
and
Foreigners),
Ibid.,
ii.,
274,
No.
198.
190
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September
had,
Ibid.,
p.
421.
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dispute
expiry
attention
had
not
Imprimatur.
Anglesea's
resentment
of
the
arbitrary
methods
II.M.C,
pt.
ii.,
9th
Rept.,
78b.
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|.|;s
[Face
p.
1Q2.
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that
in
at
least
one
case,
that
Constitutional
Libels.
Rawlins
we
find
in
Dunton's
gallery
(Life
and
Errors
(1818),
p.
251),
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of
Trade
and
Mtremrius
Libraritu
bears
his
Imprimatur
during
the
whole
period.
s
S.
P.
Lorn.
Car.,
ii.,
Case
F.,
No.
73.
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IL's
amours.
L'Estrange
is
directed
by
Williamson
to
search
for
it,
22nd
April
1676.
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to discover.
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the
Newsbook.
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:
  :
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'.
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to
Sir
Roger
L'Estrange
and
other
incidents  
548,
T_'s.
10V1.
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not
cxhorbitancies,
Lords'
Journals,
xv.,
5456.
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and
at
any
rate
the
Surveyor
could
July
March
1676.
C.S.P.D.
(1676-7),
p.
51.
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General Court. Ibid.
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bye-
laws,
'.
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Cur.,
ii.,
360
(149
and
150),February
1674.
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'.
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i.,
119.
O
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Lord
Chamberlain,
Baron
of
79,
note.
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Surveyor
and
the
by declaring
present
sorvices,being
made
King's
Frinter
shortly
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77 r-79 .
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engage-ent
a
drawn
battle,
especially
as
the
scene
of
contest
was
merely
shifted
spite
might
have
been
righted
by
a
new
and
Punitive
Act,
they
calmly
advocated
the
old
Act.
the
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Gary (if
the Growth
Company.
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'.
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237).
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See
p.
214.
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Long Prorogation.
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a
Parliament
(Nichol,
Lit.
Anec,
iv.,
70).
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aspect
of
the
agitation
was
:
'
(1652),
pt.
i.
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of
others
in
it
question
222
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the
public
service,
and
helped
notably
to
reign
he
of
being
pilloried
in
Titus
Oates'
Portraiture
of
King
James
written
Lords.
Stale
Trials,
x.,
1330.
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-
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danger
of
these
pieces.
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of
a
Popish
Successor,
1681.
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Houses
of
Parliament.
The
author
is
doubtless
an
honest
Puritan '.
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II.,
p.
42,
of
a
gift
of
 100
to
Roger
L'Estrange.
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designs,
whatever
these
were,
(1681),
p.
6.
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Hume,
Hist,
of
Eng.,
viii.,
6-7.
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story,
but
swelling
During
this
tumult,
and
to
some
extent
as
the
be
a
relique
of
Popery,
confined
to
folios '.
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to
the
g.
fc.
c '.
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almost
escaped
'.
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in
Scotland
their
suburbs,
1679-80.
4
Not
the
Plot
Witness,
as
L'
Estrange
discovered,
p.
238.
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still,
however,
early
days
with
Sltammed,
1682
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',
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business done '.
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Catalogue,
and
was
probably
published
in
September
1679.
In
Harry
Broome's
Booksellers'
Advertisement,
27th
February
1679-80,
besfinnino-
'Whereas
there
are
several
discourses
and
pamphlets
abroad
in
the
world
that
passe
for
the
writings
There
is
an
Histoire.
permission
do
les
mettre
au
jour'.
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Devilish
Plot)
together
(1681),
pp.
32-3.
Q
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'.
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trial
was
ou
the
18th
July,
but
Nat
is
very
ditfident
in
his
references.
There
was
also
a
Sobt
r
and
Secuc
Queriesearly
in
1679,
which
took
a
very
decided
view
of
the
rascality
ot
ti
witnesses.
The
Observator
Proved
a
Trimmer
rives
a
capital
summary
of
the
various
onslaughts
on
the
Plot
fabric
from
1679-1681.
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1
I.e.,
The
Civil
War.
Of.
also
Justice
Dolbeu's
speech,
Slate
Trials,
vi.,
704,
quoted
p.
245.
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',
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Plot,
and
Heading
was
not
brought
was now
Eoger's offending
parts
to
which
they
were
driven
by
what
amounted
to
torture
or
bribery.
But
he
cast
a
glance
at
Prance,
he
was
merely
known
Catholic
Apology,
1666.
Sec
chap,
vi.,
p.
167.
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been
brought
in
at
the
moment
Wakeman's Trial '.
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this
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quarrel
with
Oates
to
the
breaking-point.
In
all
companies,
in
the
taverns
he
frequented,
and
even
when
they
had
met
casually,
Oates'
been
at
my
own
father's'.
8/20/2019 Sir Roger L´Estrange - History of the Press in the 17th Century - George Kitchin 1913
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the
community
were
resolved
should
be
true'.
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held
up
in
lavender'
for
the
Oxford
Parliament).
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Days
of
the
Stuarts
by
Lady
Ncwdigate-Newdegatc
(1901),
p.
111.
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Compton.
20th
\xtgusi
1878
(chap,
riii.,
16)
Scott
(Dryden,
ix.,
361-5)
took
it
to
be
Ferguson's
who
'tempted
Jerusalem
to
sin'.
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