Sir Isaac Newton PPT
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Transcript of Sir Isaac Newton PPT
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SIR ISAAC NEWTON
Sean Cox
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FIELDS OF STUDY
Physicist,
Mathematician,
Astronomer,
Natural philosopher,
Alchemist
Theologian,
He has been considered by many to be the greatest and most
influential scientist who ever lived.
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EARLY LIFE
Born in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, near
Grantham in Lincolnshire.
Born January 4, 1643
He had a passion for learning.
Newton entered his uncle's old College, Trinity
College Cambridge, on 5 June 1661.
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Newton's aim at Cambridge was a law degree.
Newton studied the philosophy of Descartes, Gassendi,
Hobbes, and in particular Boyle. The mechanics of the
Copernican astronomy of Galileo attracted him and he also
studied Kepler's Optics.
He recorded his thoughts in a book which he titles
‘Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae’ (Certain
Philosophical Questions)
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GRADUATION
Newton was elected a
scholar on 28 April 1664 and
received his bachelor's
degree in April 1665
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MATHEMATICS
Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics then studied, but is
especially famous for his solutions to the modern problems in analytical geometry of
drawing tangents to curves and defining areas bounded by curves.
Not only did Newton discover that these problems were inverse to each other, but he
discovered general methods of resolving problems of curvature, embraced in his "method
of fluxions" and "inverse method of fluxions“.
Newton used the term "fluxion" (from Latin meaning "flow")because he imagined a
quantity "flowing" from one magnitude to another.
Newton's work on pure mathematics was hidden from all but his journalists until 1704,
when he published, with Opticks, about the quadrature of curves and another on the
classification of the cubic curves.
His Cambridge lectures, delivered from about 1673 to 1683, were published in 1707.
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WHAT REALLY HAPPENED WITH THE APPLE? (GRAVITATION)
Probably the more correct version of the story is that Newton, upon
observing an apple fall from a tree, began to think along the following
lines: The apple is accelerated, since its velocity changes from zero as it
is hanging on the tree and moves toward the ground. Thus, by Newton's
2nd Law there must be a force that acts on the apple to cause this
acceleration. Let's call this force "gravity", and the associated
acceleration the "acceleration due to gravity". Then imagine the apple
tree is twice as high. Again, we expect the apple to be accelerated toward
the ground, so this suggests that this force that we call gravity reaches to
the top of the tallest apple tree.
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SIR ISAAC'S MOST EXCELLENT IDEA
Now came Newton's truly brilliant perception: if the
force of gravity reaches to the top of the highest tree,
might it not reach even further; in particular, might it not
reach all the way to the orbit of the Moon! Then, the orbit
of the Moon about the Earth could be a consequence of the
gravitational force, because the acceleration due to gravity
could change the velocity of the Moon in just such a way
that it followed an orbit around the earth.
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By such reasoning, Newton came to the conclusion
that any two objects in the Universe use
gravitational attraction on each other, with the force
having
a universal form: called the
Law of Universal Gravitation.
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OPTICS Newton's first work as Professor was on optics. Every scientist since
Aristotle had believed light to be a simple object, but Newton,
through his experience when building telescopes, believed otherwise:
it is often found that the observed images have colored rings around
them.
His crucial experiment showing that white light is composite
consisted in taking beam of white light and passing it through a
prism; the result is a wide beam displaying a spectrum of colors.
If this wide beam is made to pass through a second prism, the output
is again a narrow beam of white light.
If, however, only one color is allowed to pass (using a screen), the
beam after the second prism has this one color again.
Newton concluded that white light is really a mixture of many
different types of colored rays, and that these colored rays are not
composed of more basic things.
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DIAGRAM OF NEWTON'S EXPERIMENTS ON THE COMPOSITION OF WHITE LIGHT.
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Beam of white light passing it through a prism resulting in a wide beam displaying a spectrum of colors.
If the wide beam is made to pass through a second prism, the output is again a narrow beam of white light.
But, if only one color is allowed to pass (using a screen), the beam after the second prism has this one color again.
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RELIGIOUS VIEWS Newton was a monotheist who believed in biblical prophecies
but was Antitrinitarian (doesn’t believe in the Trinity).
In Newton's eyes, worshipping Christ as God was idolization.
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INFLUENCES
Henry More- an English philosopher
Polish Brethren- members of the Minor Reformed
Church of Poland. They were Nontrinitarian
(Antitrinitarian) just like Newton.
Robert Boyle- natural philosopher, chemist,
physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in
theology.
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DEATH
Died March 20, 1727 at the age
of 84 in Kensington, England.
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SOURCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton
http://physics.ucr.edu/~
wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node58.html
http://physics.ucr.edu/~
wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node59.html
http://
www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Newton.h
tm