Sipreport Docx1 120929105543 Phpapp01

8/19/2019 Sipreport Docx1 120929105543 Phpapp01

1/66

EMPLOYEES PERCEPTION TOWARDS

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

AT

UFLEX LIMITED

Summer Internship Project Report Submitted towardsPartial

Fulflment o

Post Graduate Diploma in Management

(Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India

A!ademi! "ession

#$%% & #$%'

Submitted By:

Under the Guidance o:

Industry Guide Faculty Guide

!R"IFI#"! $F %!R#"I$'

%


2/66

I Ravi Shankar Dwivedy s!dens "# P$DM %&'(()&'(*+ (s Year, Insi!e "# Mana-e.en

S!dies, $ha/ia0ad, here0y de12are ha he 3r"4e1 re3"r "n “Employees perception

towards performance appraisal at UFlex limited” has 0een d"ne !nder he -!idan1e and

inv"2ve.en OF

…..................................................................................................................................................

............. #"r he 3eri"d &'h A3ri2 &'(& " &(s 5!ne &'(&6

A22 in#"r.ai"n and daa 3r"vided in his re3"r are 1"22e1ed #r". 3ri.ary and se1"ndary

s"!r1es ha are r!e " he 0es "# .y kn"w2ed-e6

Date

))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

"tudent *avi "+anar D-ivedy

M)$%%%/%

Institute of Management "tudies, G+a0iabad.

PREFACE

#


3/66

Training is an integral part of our a!ademi! !urri!ulum. During t+e training a

student gets an opportunity to set t+e pra!ti!al aspe!ts of t+eory. Training maes

t+e !on!ept !lear and it gives t+e perfe!t no-ledge of t+e pra!ti!al life.

T+is pro1e!t is t+e out!ome of t+e training t+at I +ave undergone for 2EMP345EE"

PE*CEPTI46 T47A*D" PE*84*MA6CE APP*AI"A3 I6 983E: 3IMITED;.

Due to s+ort span of time I analy0ed a proper number of employees to fuler my !ourteous t+ans to ?.............................for t+eir guidan!e and +elp

-+i!+ t+ey provided me -+ile preparing t+is pro1e!t report.

ACKO!"E#$E%&

'


4/66

I -ives !s i..ense 32eas!re and sais#a1i"n in e73ressin- "!r -rai!de "wards a22 individ!a2s wh"

have indire12y he23ed !s in his 3r"4e1 re3"r6

W"rkin- "n his 3r"4e1 was an e71ie.en 1ha22en-e and a new e73"s!re in he #ie2d "# .arkein- a

he "!se we w"!2d 2ike a1kn"w2ed-e "!r s3e1ia2 hanks "

…..................................................................................................................................................

.......................................... #"r his inva2!a02e he23 and -!idan1e wih"! whi1h his 3r"4e1 w"!2d

n" have 0een s!11ess#!2 .

&A'"E OF CO&E&

(.o. &opic Pa)es

( E7e1!ive Syn"3sis 8)9

& Inr"d!1i"n (')&:

* C".3any Pr"#i2e &;)*<

: O04e1ive *=

@


5/66

; Liera!re Review *8):;

< Resear1h Meh"d"2"-y :


6/66

Fi-6 = $ra3h sh"win- 3er#"r.an1e ."ni"rin- :9

Fi-68 $ra3h sh"win- 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 d"es n" 1"nri0!e " 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6

;'

Fi-69 $ra3h sh"win- 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he

3r"1ess "# a33raisa26

;(

Fi-6 (' $ra3h sh"win- he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2 inred!1in- -rievan1e a."n- he e.32"yees6

;&

Fi-6 (( $ra3h sh"win- I d" n" need #eed0a1k " ."ni"r .y 3er#"r.an1e

;*

Fi-6(& $ra3h sh"win- he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2 #"r

i.3r"vin- 3ers"nne2 ski226

;:

Fi-6 (* $ra3h sh"win- 3r"."i"n is 3!re2y 0ased "n 3er#"r.an1ea33raisa26

;;

Fi-6 (: $ra3h sh"win- a33raisa2 in1reases 1areer -r"wh6 ;<

Fi-6 (; $ra3h sh"win- a33raisa2 enhan1es he 1han1es #"r 3r"."i"n6

;=

Ta02e ( Chi s@!are "n Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 i.3r"ves 4"0

3er#"r.an1e6

;8

Ta02e & Chi s@!are "n he assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e ."ivaes "w"rk harder6


7/66

Ana2ysis he23ed " kn"w ha h"w he !se "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2s he23#!2 #"r any "# he

"r-ani/ai"n6

In "rder " kn"w he i.3a1 "# Per#"r.an1e , he s!rvey @!esi"nnaire and he daa 3r"vided

0y he R de3ar.en was he 3ri.ary s"!r1e "# daa6

Then he re3"r 2eads " #indin-s, s!--esi"ns, 2earnin- and 1"n12!si"ns #"22"wed 0y

re#eren1es a he end "# he re3"r6

The 1".3any 3r"#i2e is #"22"wed "r-ani/ai"n sr!1!re, inr"d!1i"n " he "3i16 i6e6

0ene#is and i.3a1 "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 in e.32"yees66 In "dayBs era, 3er#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 has 0e1".e an ine-ra2 3ar "# "r-ani/ai"n and is 32ayin- is 1rii1a2 r"2e in e.32"yees

3er#"r.an1e6

!.an res"!r1e .ana-e.en %RM+ 1"nd!1s 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en6 Per#"r.an1e

.ana-e.en syse.s 1"nsis "# he a1iviies and"r 3r"1esses e.0ra1ed 0y an "r-ani/ai"n

in ani1i3ai"n "# i.3r"vin- e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e, and here#"re, "r-ani/ai"na2

3er#"r.an1e6 C"nse@!en2y, 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en is 1"nd!1ed a he "r-ani/ai"na2

2eve2 and he individ!a2 2eve2 whereas 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is #"r assessin- e.32"yees "

kn"w heir sren-hs and weaknesses6 I is d"ne 0y R .ana-ers " -e he #eed0a1k "# he

e.32"yees6

Performance appraisal is a syse.ai1 and 3eri"di1 3r"1ess ha assesses an individ!a2

e.32"yeeBs 4"0 3er#"r.an1e and 3r"d!1iviy in re2ai"n " 1erain 3re)esa02ished 1rieria

and "r-ani/ai"na2 "04e1ives6 Oher as3e1s "# individ!a2 e.32"yees are 1"nsidered as we22,

s!1h as, a11".32ish.ens, 3"enia2 #"r #!!re i.3r"ve.en, sren-hs and weaknesses,

e16 T" 1"22e1 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 daa, here are hree .ain .eh"ds "04e1ive

3r"d!1i"n, 3ers"nne2, and 4!d-.ena2 eva2!ai"n6 5!d-.ena2 eva2!ai"ns are he ."s

1".."n2y !sed wih a 2ar-e variey "# eva2!ai"n .eh"ds6 A 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is

y3i1a22y 1"nd!1ed ann!a22y6 The inerview 1"!2d #!n1i"n as 3r"vidin- #eed0a1k "

e.32"yees, 1"!nse22in- and deve2"3in- e.32"yees, and 1"nveyin- and dis1!ssin-

1".3ensai"n, 4"0 sa!s, "r dis1i32inary de1isi"nsG6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is "#en in12!ded

in 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en syse.s6 Per#"r.an1e .ana-e.en syse.s are e.32"yed "

.ana-e and a2i-nH a22 "# an "r-ani/ai"ns res"!r1es in "rder " a1hieve hi-hes 3"ssi02e

3er#"r.an1e6

/

http://interview/http://interview/http://feedback/http://feedback/http://interview/


8/66

I #a1i2iaes he 1"..!ni1ai"n 0eween he e.32"yees, enhan1es he e.32"yees " #"1!s

hr"!-h 3r"."in- r!s6 I he23s in -"a2 sein- and deer.inin- he "04e1ives and a2s" "

enhan1e heir 3er#"r.an1e6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2s are 1"nd!1ed a 2eas ann!a22y, and

ann!a2 e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e reviews a33ear " 0e he sandard in ."s A.eri1an

"r-ani/ai"ns6 "wever, i has 0een a1kn"w2ed-ed ha a33raisa2s 1"nd!1ed ."re

#re@!en2y %."re han "n1e a year+ .ay have 3"siive i.32i1ai"ns #"r 0"h he "r-ani/ai"n

and e.32"yee6G I is s!--esed ha re-!2ar 3er#"r.an1e #eed0a1k 3r"vided " e.32"yees

.ay @!e22 any !ne73e1ed and"r s!r3risin- #eed0a1k " year)end dis1!ssi"ns6

D!rin- he inernshi3 in U#2e7 2i.ied I #"!nd ha he e.32"yees are ."re #"1!sed "wards

heir w"rk6 And heir 3er#"r.an1e sh"ws heir 2enien1y "wards w"rk and h"w hey are

.akin- heir se2ves " w"rk in ha 1".3eiive envir"n.en6 As U#2e7 has heir .a4"r

0!siness in 3a1ka-in- se1"r s" hey need a h!-e n!.0er "# e.32"yees " earn heir -"a2

and " 0e 1a3a02e " s!rvive in he 1".3eiive w"r2d6

N!.er"!s resear1hers have re3"red ha .any e.32"yees are n" sais#ied wih heir

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 %PA+ syse.s6 S!dies have sh"wn ha s!04e1iviy as we22 as

a33raiser 0ias is "#en a 3r"02e. 3er1eived 0y as .any as ha2# "# e.32"yees6 A33raiser 0ias,

h"wever, a33ears " 0e 3er1eived as ."re "# a 3r"02e. in -"vern.en and 3!02i1 se1"r

"r-ani/ai"ns6 A2s", a11"rdin- " s".e s!dies, e.32"yees wished " see 1han-es in he PA

syse. 0y .akin- he syse. ."re "04e1ive, i.3r"vin- he #eed0a1k 3r"1ess, and

in1reasin- he #re@!en1y "# review6G

&RO#UC&O

#EF&O

A performance appraisal is a syse.ai1 and 3eri"di1 3r"1ess ha assesses an individ!a2

e.32"yeeBs 4"0 3er#"r.an1e and 3r"d!1iviy in re2ai"n " 1erain 3re)esa02ished 1rieria

and "r-ani/ai"na2 "04e1ives6 Oher as3e1s "# individ!a2 e.32"yees are 1"nsidered as we22,

s!1h as, a11".32ish.ens, 3"enia2 #"r #!!re i.3r"ve.en, sren-hs and weaknesses,

e16 T" 1"22e1 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 daa, here are hree .ain .eh"ds "04e1ive


1".."n2y !sed wih a 2ar-e variey "# eva2!ai"n .eh"ds6 A 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 isy3i1a22y 1"nd!1ed ann!a22y6 The inerview 1"!2d #!n1i"n as 3r"vidin- #eed0a1k "

http://bias/http://interview/http://interview/http://feedback/http://bias/http://interview/http://feedback/


9/66

e.32"yees, 1"!nse22in- and deve2"3in- e.32"yees, and 1"nveyin- and dis1!ssin-

1".3ensai"n, 4"0 sa!s, "r dis1i32inary de1isi"nsG6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is "#en in12!ded

in 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en syse.s6 Per#"r.an1e .ana-e.en syse.s are e.32"yed "

.ana-e and a2i-nH a22 "# an "r-ani/ai"ns res"!r1es in "rder " a1hieve hi-hes 3"ssi02e

3er#"r.an1e6 "w 3er#"r.an1e is .ana-ed in an "r-ani/ai"n deer.ines " a 2ar-e e7enhe s!11ess "r #ai2!re "# he "r-ani/ai"n6 There#"re, i.3r"vin- 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 #"r

every"ne sh"!2d 0e a."n- he hi-hes 3ri"riies "# 1"ne.3"raryG "r-ani/ai"ns6

S".e a332i1ai"ns "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 are 3er#"r.an1e i.3r"ve.en, 3r"."i"ns,

er.inai"n, es va2idai"n, and ."re whi2e here are .any 3"enia2 0ene#is "# 3er#"r.an1e

a33raisa2, here are a2s" s".e 3"enia2 draw0a1ks6 F"r e7a.32e, 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an

he23 #a1i2iae .ana-e.en)e.32"yee 1"..!ni1ai"nJ h"wever, 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 .ay

res!2 in 2e-a2 iss!es i# n" e7e1!ed a33r"3riae2y as .any e.32"yees end " 0e !nsais#ied

wih he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"1ess6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1reaed in and deer.ined as

!se#!2 in he Unied Saes are n" ne1essari2y a02e " 0e rans#era02e 1r"ss)1!2!ra22y6

Applications of Performance Appraisal Res1lts

A 1enra2 reas"n #"r he !i2i/ai"n "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2s is 3er#"r.an1e i.3r"ve.en

%iniia22y a he 2eve2 "# he individ!a2 e.32"yee, and !2i.ae2y a he 2eve2 "# he

"r-ani/ai"nG+6 Oher #!nda.ena2 reas"ns in12!de as a 0asis #"r e.32"y.en de1isi"ns %e6-6

3r"."i"ns, er.inai"ns, rans#ers+, as 1rieria in resear1h %e6-6 es va2idai"n+, " aid wih

1"..!ni1ai"n %e6-6 a22"win- e.32"yees " kn"w h"w hey are d"in- and

"r-ani/ai"na2 e73e1ai"ns+, " esa02ish 3ers"na2 "04e1ives #"r rainin-G 3r"-ra.s, #"r

rans.issi"n "# "04e1ive #eed0a1k #"r 3ers"na2 deve2"3.en, as a .eans "# d"1!.enai"n

" aid in kee3in- ra1k "# de1isi"ns and 2e-a2 re@!ire.ensG and in wa-e and sa2ary

ad.inisrai"n6 Addii"na22y, Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an aid in he #"r.!2ai"n "# 4"0 1rieria

and se2e1i"n "# individ!a2s wh" are 0es s!ied " 3er#"r. he re@!ired "r-ani/ai"na2

asksG6 A 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an 0e 3ar "# -!idin- and ."ni"rin- e.32"yee 1areer

deve2"3.en6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an a2s" 0e !sed " aid in w"rk ."ivai"n hr"!-h he

!se "# reward syse.s6

Potential 'enefits of Performance Appraisals

There are a n!.0er "# 3"enia2 0ene#is "# "r-ani/ai"na2 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en

1"nd!1in- #"r.a2 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2s6 There has 0een a -enera2 1"nsens!s in he 0e2ie#

ha Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 2ead " 3"siive i.32i1ai"ns "# "r-ani/ai"ns6 F!rher."re,

Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an 0ene#i an "r-ani/ai"nBs e##e1iveness6 One way is 3er#"r.an1e

a33raisa2s 1an "#en 2ead " -ivin- individ!a2 w"rkers #eed0a1k a0"! heir 4"0

http://expectations/http://expectations/http://salary/http://motivation/http://system/http://system/http://consensus/http://expectations/http://salary/http://motivation/http://motivation/http://system/http://system/http://consensus/


10/66

3er#"r.an1e6 Fr". his .ay s3awn severa2 3"enia2 0ene#is s!1h as he individ!a2 w"rkers

0e1".in- ."re 3r"d!1ive6

Oher 3"enia2 0ene#is in12!de

Facilitation of comm1nication2 1"..!ni1ai"n in "r-ani/ai"ns is 1"nsidered an essenia2#!n1i"n "# w"rker ."ivai"n6 I has 0een 3r"3"sed ha #eed0a1k #r". Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 aid in .ini.i/in- e.32"yeesB 3er1e3i"ns "# !n1erainy6 F!nda.ena22y, #eed0a1k

and .ana-e.en)e.32"yee 1"..!ni1ai"n 1an serve as a -!ide in 4"0 3er#"r.an1e

En+ancement of employee foc1s t+ro1)+ promotin) tr1st2 0ehavi"!rs, h"!-hs, and

iss!es .ay disra1 e.32"yees #r". heir w"rk, and r!s iss!es .ay 0e a."n- hese

disra1in- #a1"rs6 S!1h #a1"rs ha 1"ns!.e 3sy1h"2"-i1a2 ener-y 1an 2"wer 4"0

3er#"r.an1e and 1a!se w"rkers " 2"se si-h "# "r-ani/ai"na2 -"a2s6K9 Pr"3er2y 1"nsr!1ed

and !i2i/ed Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 has he a0i2iy " 2"wer disra1in- #a1"rs and en1"!ra-e

r!s wihin he "r-ani/ai"n6

$oal settin) and desired performance reinforcement2 "r-ani/ai"ns #ind i e##i1ien "

.a1h individ!a2 w"rkerBs -"a2s and 3er#"r.an1e wih "r-ani/ai"na2 -"a2s6 Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 3r"vides r"". #"r dis1!ssi"n in he 1"22a0"rai"n "# hese individ!a2 and

"r-ani/ai"na2 -"a2s6 C"22a0"rai"n 1an a2s" 0e advana-e"!s 0y res!2in- in e.32"yee

a11e3an1e and sais#a1i"n "# a33raisa2 res!2s6

Performance impro3ement2 we22 1"nsr!1ed Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an 0e va2!a02e ""2s

#"r 1"..!ni1ai"n wih e.32"yees as 3erainin- " h"w heir 4"0 3er#"r.an1e sands wih

"r-ani/ai"na2 e73e1ai"ns6 A he "r-ani/ai"na2 2eve2, n!.er"!s s!dies have re3"red 3"siive re2ai"nshi3s 0eween h!.an res"!r1e .ana-e.en %RM+ 3ra1i1esH and

3er#"r.an1e i.3r"ve.en a 0"h he individ!a2 and "r-ani/ai"na2 2eve2s6

#etermination of trainin) needs2 E.32"yee rainin- and deve2"3.en are 1r!1ia2

1".3"nens in he23in- an "r-ani/ai"n a1hieve srae-i1 iniiaivesG6 I has 0een ar-!ed ha

#"r Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 " r!2y 0e e##e1ive, 3"s)a33raisa2 "33"r!niies #"r rainin- and

deve2"3.en in 3r"02e. areas, as deer.ined 0y he a33raisa2, .!s 0e "##ered6 Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 1an es3e1ia22y 0e insr!.ena2 #"r ideni#yin- rainin- needs "# new e.32"yees6

Fina22y, Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an he23 in he esa02ish.en and s!3ervisi"n "# e.32"yeesB

1areer -"a2s6

Potential Complications of Performance Appraisals

Des3ie a22 he 3"enia2 advana-es "# #"r.a2 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2s, here are a2s" 3"enia2

draw0a1ks6 I has 0een n"ed ha deer.inin- he re2ai"nshi3 0eween individ!a2 4"0

3er#"r.an1e and "r-ani/ai"na2 3er#"r.an1e 1an 0e a di##i1!2 ask6 $enera22y, here are w"

"verar1hin- 3r"02e.s #r". whi1h severa2 1".32i1ai"ns s3awn6 One "# he 3r"02e. wih

#"r.a2 Per#"r.an1e A33raisa2s is here 1an 0e deri.ena2 e##e1s " he "r-ani/ai"ninv"2ved i# he a33raisa2s are n" !sed a33r"3riae2y6 The se1"nd 3r"02e. wih #"r.a2

%$

http://perception/http://perception/http://energy/http://energy/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal#cite_note-Schraeder-8http://setting/http://perception/http://energy/http://energy/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal#cite_note-Schraeder-8http://setting/http://setting/


11/66

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is hey 1an 0e ine##e1ive i# he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 syse. d"es n"

1"rres3"nd wih he "r-ani/ai"na2 1!2!re and syse.6

C".32i1ai"ns se..in- #r". hese iss!es are

#etrimental to 41ality impro3ement2 i has 0een 3r"3"sed ha he !se "# 3er#"r.an1ea33raisa2 syse.s in "r-ani/ai"ns adverse2y a##e1 "r-ani/ai"nsB 3!rs!is "# @!a2iy

3er#"r.an1e6 I is 0e2ieved 0y s".e s1h"2ars and 3ra1ii"ners ha he !se "# Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 is ."re han !nne1essary i# here is "a2 @!a2iy .ana-e.en6

e)ati3e perceptions2 !ie "#en, individ!a2s have ne-aive 3er1e3i"ns "# Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2G6 Re1eivin- and 3"enia22y 1a!se ensi"n 0eween s!3ervis"rs and s!0"rdinaesG6

Errors2 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 sh"!2d 3r"vide a11!rae and re2evan rain-s "# an e.32"yeeBs

3er#"r.an1e as 1".3ared " 3re)esa02ished 1rieria %i6e6 "r-ani/ai"na2 e73e1ai"ns+6

Neverhe2ess, s!3ervis"rs wi22 s".ei.es rae e.32"yees ."re #av"!ra02y han ha "# heir r!e 3er#"r.an1e in "rder " 32ease he e.32"yees and av"id 1"n#2i16 In#2aed rain-s are a

1".."n .a2ady ass"1iaed wih #"r.a2H 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa26

"e)al iss1es2 When 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 are n" 1arried "! a33r"3riae2y, 2e-a2 iss!es

1"!2d res!2 ha 32a1e he "r-ani/ai"n a risk6 Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 are !sed in

"r-ani/ai"na2 dis1i32inary 3r"-ra.s Kas we22 as #"r 3r"."i"na2 de1isi"ns wihin he

"r-ani/ai"n6 The i.3r"3er a332i1ai"n and !i2i/ai"n "# Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 1an a##e1

e.32"yees ne-aive2y and 2ead " 2e-a2 a1i"n a-ains he "r-ani/ai"n6

Performance )oals2 Per#"r.an1e -"a2s and 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 syse.s are "#en !sed inass"1iai"n6 Ne-aive "!1".es 1"n1ernin- he "r-ani/ai"ns 1an res!2 when -"a2s are "ver2y

1ha22en-in- "r "vere.3hasi/ed " he e7en "# e##e1in- ehni1s, 2e-a2 re@!ire.ens, "r

@!a2iy6 M"re"ver, 1ha22en-in- 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s 1an i.3ede "n e.32"yeesB a0i2iies "

a1@!ire ne1essary kn"w2ed-e and ski22s6 Es3e1ia22y in he ear2y sa-es "# rainin-, i w"!2d 0e

."re 0ene#i1ia2 " insr!1 e.32"yees "n "!1".e -"a2s han "n 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s6

Derai2 .eri 3ay "r 3er#"r.an1e)0ased 3ay s".e resear1hers 1"nend ha he de#i1i in .eri

3ay and 3er#"r.an1e)0ased 3ay is 2inked " he #!nda.ena2 iss!es se..in- #r".

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 syse.s6

!+o Cond1cts Performance Appraisals

51man Reso1rce %ana)ement , Performance %ana)ement

!.an res"!r1e .ana-e.en %RM+ 1"nd!1s 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en6 Per#"r.an1e

.ana-e.en syse.s 1"nsis "# he a1iviies and"r 3r"1esses e.0ra1ed 0y an "r-ani/ai"n

in ani1i3ai"n "# i.3r"vin- e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e, and here#"re, "r-ani/ai"na2

3er#"r.an1e6 C"nse@!en2y, 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en is 1"nd!1ed a he "r-ani/ai"na2

2eve2 and he individ!a2 2eve26 A he "r-ani/ai"na2 2eve2, 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en "versees"r-ani/ai"na2 3er#"r.an1e and 1".3ares 3resen 3er#"r.an1e wih "r-ani/ai"na2

%%

http://culture/http://culture/http://culture/


12/66

3er#"r.an1e -"a2s6 The a1hieve.en "# hese "r-ani/ai"na2 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s de3ends "n

he 3er#"r.an1e "# he individ!a2 "r-ani/ai"na2 .e.0ers6 There#"re, .eas!rin- individ!a2

e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e 1an 3r"ve " 0e a va2!a02e 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en 3r"1ess #"r he

3!r3"ses "# RM and #"r he "r-ani/ai"n6 Many resear1hers w"!2d ar-!e ha 3er#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 is "ne "# he ."s i.3"ran 3r"1esses in !.an Res"!r1e Mana-e.enG6

The 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en 3r"1ess 0e-ins wih 2eadershi3 wihin he "r-ani/ai"n

1reain- a 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en 3"2i1y6 Pri.ari2y, .ana-e.en -"verns 3er#"r.an1e 0y

in#2!en1in- e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e in3! %e6-6 rainin- 3r"-ra.s+ and 0y 3r"vidin- #eed0a1k

via "!3! %i6e6 3er#"r.an1e assess.en and a33raisa2+6 The !2i.ae "04e1ive "# a

3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en 3r"1ess is " a2i-n individ!a2 3er#"r.an1e wih "r-ani/ai"na2

3er#"r.an1eG6 A very 1".."n and 1enra2 3r"1ess "# 3er#"r.an1e .ana-e.en syse.s is

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa26 The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"1ess sh"!2d 0e a02e " in#"r.

e.32"yees a0"! he "r-ani/ai"ns -"a2s, 3ri"riies, and e73e1ai"ns and h"w we22 hey are

1"nri0!in- " he.G6

!+en Performance Appraisals are Cond1cted

Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2s are 1"nd!1ed a 2eas ann!a22y, and ann!a2 e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e

reviews a33ear " 0e he sandard in ."s A.eri1an "r-ani/ai"ns6 "wever, i has 0een

a1kn"w2ed-ed ha a33raisa2s 1"nd!1ed ."re #re@!en2y %."re han "n1e a year+ .ay have

3"siive i.32i1ai"ns #"r 0"h he "r-ani/ai"n and e.32"yee6G I is s!--esed ha re-!2ar

3er#"r.an1e #eed0a1k 3r"vided " e.32"yees .ay @!e22 any !ne73e1ed and"r s!r3risin-

#eed0a1k " year)end dis1!ssi"ns6 In a re1en resear1h s!dy 1"n1ernin- he i.e2iness "#

Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2, "ne "# he res3"ndens even s!--esed ha he 3er#"r.an1e review

sh"!2d 0e d"ne #"r.a22y and ."re #re@!en2y, 3erha3s "n1e a ."nh, and re1"rded wi1e a

year6G

Oher resear1hers 3r"3"se ha he 3!r3"se "# Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 and he #re@!en1y "#

heir #eed0a1k are 1"nin-en !3"n he na!re "# he 4"0 and 1hara1erisi1s "# he

e.32"yee6 F"r e7a.32e, e.32"yees "# r"!ine 4"0s where 3er#"r.an1e .ainenan1e is he

-"a2 w"!2d 0ene#i s!##i1ien2y #r". ann!a2 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 #eed0a1k6 On he "her

hand, e.32"yees "# ."re dis1rei"nary and n"n)r"!ine 4"0s, where -"a2)sein- isa33r"3riae and here is r"". #"r deve2"3.en, w"!2d 0ene#i #r". ."re #re@!en

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 #eed0a1k6

%et+ods of Collectin) Performance Appraisal #ata

There are hree .ain .eh"ds !sed " 1"22e1 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 daa "04e1ive


1".."n2y !sed wih a 2ar-e variey "# eva2!ai"n .eh"ds6

O*6ecti3e prod1ction

%#


13/66

The "04e1ive 3r"d!1i"n .eh"d 1"nsiss "# dire1, 0! 2i.ied, .eas!res s!1h as sa2es

#i-!res, 3r"d!1i"n n!.0ers, he e2e1r"ni1 3er#"r.an1e ."ni"rin- "# daa enry w"rkers,

e16 The .eas!res !sed " a33raise 3er#"r.an1e w"!2d de3end "n he 4"0 and is d!ies6

A2h"!-h hese .eas!res dea2 wih !na.0i-!"!s 1rieria, hey are !s!a22y in1".32ee

0e1a!se "# 1rieri"n 1"na.inai"n and 1rieri"n de#i1ien1y6 Crieri"n 1"na.inai"n re#ers "he 3ar "# he a1!a2 1rieria ha is !nre2aed " he 1"n1e3!a2 1rieria6 In "her w"rds, he

varia0i2iy in 3er#"r.an1e 1an 0e d!e " #a1"rs "!side "# he e.32"yeeBs 1"nr"26 Crieri"n

de#i1ien1y re#ers " he 3ar "# he 1"n1e3!a2 1rieria ha is n" .eas!red 0y he a1!a2

1rieria6 In "her w"rds, he @!aniy "# 3r"d!1i"n d"es n" ne1essari2y indi1ae he @!a2iy "#

he 3r"d!1s6 ?"h y3es "# 1rieri"n inade@!a1ies res!2 in red!1ed va2idiy "# he

.eas!re6 Re-ard2ess "# he #a1 ha "04e1ive 3r"d!1i"n daa is n" a 1".32ee re#2e1i"n

!3"n 4"0 3er#"r.an1e, s!1h daa is re2evan " 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6

The a33y)Pr"d!1ive W"rker y3"hesis

The ha33y)3r"d!1ive w"rker hy3"hesis saes ha he ha33ies w"rkers are he ."s

3r"d!1ive 3er#"r.ers, and he ."s 3r"d!1ive 3er#"r.ers are he ha33ies w"rkers Ye, a#er

de1ades "# resear1h, he re2ai"nshi3 0eween 4"0 sais#a1i"n and 4"0 3er#"r.an1e 3r"d!1es

"n2y a weak 3"siive 1"rre2ai"n6 P!02ished in &''( 0y Psy1h"2"-i1a2 ?!22ein, a .ea)

ana2ysis "# *(& resear1h s!dies 3r"d!1ed an !n1"rre1ed 1"rre2ai"n "# '6(86 This 1"rre2ai"n

is .!1h weaker han wha he ha33y)3r"d!1ive w"rker hy3"hesis w"!2d 3redi16 There is n"

12ear re2ai"nshi3 0eween 4"0 sais#a1i"n and 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6

Personnel

The 3ers"nne2 .eh"d is he re1"rdin- "# wihdrawa2 0ehavi"rs %i6e6 a0seneeis., a11idens+6

M"s "r-ani/ai"ns 1"nsider !ne71!sed a0sen1es " 0e indi1a"rs "# 3""r 4"0 3er#"r.an1e,

even wih a22 "her #a1"rs 0ein- e@!a2J K h"wever, his is s!04e1 " 1rieri"n de#i1ien1y6 The

@!aniy "# an e.32"yeeBs a0sen1es d"es n" re#2e1 h"w dedi1aed heshe .ay 0e " he 4"0

and is d!ies6 Es3e1ia22y #"r 02!e ) 1"22ar 4"0s, a11idens 1an "#en 0e a !se#!2 indi1a"r "# 3""r

4"0 3er#"r.an1e, 0! his is a2s" s!04e1 " 1rieri"n 1"na.inai"n 0e1a!se si!ai"na2 #a1"rs

a2s" 1"nri0!e " a11idens6 On1e a-ain, 0"h y3es "# 1rieri"n inade@!a1ies res!2 in

red!1ed va2idiy "# he .eas!re6 A2h"!-h e71essive a0seneeis. and"r a11idens "#enindi1ae 3""r 4"0 3er#"r.an1e raher han -""d 3er#"r.an1e, s!1h 3ers"nne2 daa is n" a

1".3rehensive re#2e1i"n "# an e.32"yeeBs 3er#"r.an1e6

71d)mental E3al1ation

5!d-.ena2 eva2!ai"n a33ears " 0e a 1"22e1i"n "# .eh"ds, and as s!1h, 1"!2d 0e

1"nsidered a .eh"d"2"-y6 A 1".."n a33r"a1h " "0ainin- Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is 0y

.eans "# raers6 ?e1a!se he raers are h!.an, s".e err"r wi22 a2ways 0e 3resen in he daa6

The ."s 1".."n y3es "# err"r are 2enien1y err"rs, 1enra2 enden1y err"rs, and err"rs

%'

http://validity/http://validity/http://satisfaction/http://satisfaction/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal#cite_note-Staw-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal#cite_note-Staw-28http://jobs/http://jobs/http://jobs/http://superiority/http://tendency/http://validity/http://satisfaction/http://satisfaction/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_appraisal#cite_note-Staw-28http://jobs/http://jobs/http://jobs/http://jobs/http://superiority/http://superiority/http://tendency/http://tendency/


14/66

res!2in- #r". he ha2" e##e16 These err"rs arise 3red".inan2y #r". s"1ia2 1"-nii"n and he

he"ry in ha h"w we 4!d-e and eva2!ae "her individ!a2s in vari"!s 1"ne7s is ass"1iaed

wih h"w we a1@!ire, 3r"1ess, and 1ae-"ri/e in#"r.ai"nG

An essenia2 3ie1e "# his .eh"d is raer rainin-6 Raer rainin- is he 3r"1ess "# ed!1ain-

raers " .ake ."re a11!rae assess.ens "# 3er#"r.an1e, y3i1a22y a1hieved 0y red!1in- he

#re@!en1y "# ha2", 2enien1y, and 1enra2)enden1y err"rsG6 Raer rainin- a2s" he23s he raers

deve2"3s a 1".."n #ra.e "# re#eren1e #"r eva2!ai"nG "# individ!a2 3er#"r.an1e .any

resear1hers and s!rvey res3"ndens s!33"r he a.0ii"n "# e##e1!a2 raer rainin-6 "wever,

i is n"ed ha s!1h rainin- is e73ensive, i.e 1"ns!.in-, and "n2y r!2y #!n1i"na2 #"r

0ehavi"ra2 assess.ens6

An"her 3ie1e " kee3 in .ind is he e##e1s "# raer ."ivai"n "n 4!d-.ena2 eva2!ai"ns6 I

is n" !n1".."n #"r rainin#2ai"n " "11!r d!e " raer ."ivai"n %i6e6 "r-ani/ai"na22y

ind!1ed 3ress!res ha 1".3e2 raers " eva2!ae raees 3"siive2yG+6 Ty3i1a22y, raers are

."ivaed " -ive hi-her rain-s 0e1a!se "# he 2a1k "# "r-ani/ai"na2 san1i"n 1"n1ernin-

a11!raeina11!rae a33raisa2s, he raers desire " -!aranee 3r"."i"ns, sa2ary in1reases,

e16, he raers in12inai"n " av"id ne-aive rea1i"ns #r". s!0"rdinaes, and he "0servai"n

ha hi-her rain-s "# he raees re#2e1 #av"ra02y !3"n he raer6

The .ain .eh"ds !sed in 4!d-.ena2 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 are)

$rap+ic Ratin) (cale2 -ra3hi1 rain- s1a2es %see s1a2e %s"1ia2 s1ien1es++ are he ."s

1".."n2y !sed syse. in 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa26 On severa2 di##eren #a1"rs, s!0"rdinaesare 4!d-ed "n h"w .!1h "# ha #a1"r "r rai hey 3"ssess6 Ty3i1a22y, he raers !se a ;) "r

=)3"in s1a2eJ h"wever, here are as .any as &')3"in s1a2es6

Employee8Comparison %et+ods2 Raher han s!0"rdinaes 0ein- 4!d-ed a-ains 3re)

esa02ished 1rieria, hey are 1".3ared wih "ne an"her6 This .eh"d e2i.inaes 1enra2

enden1y and 2enien1y err"rs 0! si22 a22"ws #"r ha2" e##e1 err"rs " "11!r6 The rank)"rder

.eh"d has raers rankin- s!0"rdinaes #r". 0esG " w"rsG, 0! h"w r!2y -""d "r 0ad "ne

is "n a 3er#"r.an1e di.ensi"n w"!2d 0e !nkn"wn The 3aired ) 1".3aris"n .eh"d re@!ires

he raer " se2e1 he w" H0esH s!0"rdinaes "! "# a -r"!3 "n ea1h di.ensi"n hen rank

individ!a2s a11"rdin- " he n!.0er "# i.es ea1h s!0"rdinae was se2e1ed as "ne "# he

H0esH6 The #"r1ed)disri0!i"n .eh"d is -""d #"r 2ar-e -r"!3s "# raees6 The raers eva2!ae

ea1h s!0"rdinae "n "ne "r ."re di.ensi"ns and hen 32a1e %"r G#"r1e)#iG, i# y"! wi22+ ea1h

s!0"rdinae in a ; " = 1ae-"ry n"r.a2 disri0!i"n6 The .eh"d "# "3)-radin- 1an 0e

a332ied " he #"r1ed disri0!i"n .eh"d6 This .eh"d ideni#ies he (' 2"wes 3er#"r.in-

s!0"rdinaes, as a11"rdin- " he #"r1ed disri0!i"n, and dis.isses he. 2eavin- he 9'

hi-her 3er#"r.in- s!0"rdinaes6

?ehavi"!ra2 Che1k2iss and S1a2es 0ehavi"!rs are ."re de#inie han rais6 The 1rii1a2

in1idens .eh"d %"r 1rii1a2 in1iden e1hni@!e+ 1"n1erns s3e1i#i1 0ehavi"!rs indi1aive "#

-""d "r 0ad 4"0 3er#"r.an1eG6 S!3ervis"rs re1"rd 0ehavi"!rs "# wha hey 4!d-e " 0e 4"0

%@

http://effect/http://cognition/http://scale/http://comparison/http://distribution/http://distribution/http://technique/http://technique/http://effect/http://effect/http://cognition/http://cognition/http://scale/http://scale/http://scale/http://comparison/http://comparison/http://comparison/http://distribution/http://distribution/http://technique/http://technique/http://technique/


15/66

3er#"r.an1e re2evan, and hey kee3 a r!nnin- a22y "# -""d and 0ad 0ehavi"!rs6 A dis1!ssi"n

"n 3er#"r.an1e .ay hen #"22"w6 The 0ehavi"!ra22y an1h"red rain- s1a2es %?ARS+ 1".0ine

he 1rii1a2 in1idens .eh"d wih rain- s1a2e .eh"ds 0y rain- 3er#"r.an1e "n a s1a2e 0!

wih he s1a2e 3"ins 0ein- an1h"red 0y 0ehavi"!ra2 in1idens N"e ha ?ARS are 4"0

s3e1i#i16

Peer and (elf Assessments

Whi2e ."s 4!d-.ena2 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 resear1h is eva2!aed 0y a s!3eri"r %e6-6

s!3ervis"r, .ana-er+, 3eer assess.ens are eva2!aed 0y "neBs 1"22ea-!es6 Wih se2#)

assess.ens, individ!a2s eva2!ae he.se2ves6

Peer Assessments .e.0ers "# a -r"!3 eva2!ae and a33raise he 3er#"r.an1e "# heir

#e22"w -r"!3 .e.0ers6 There are hree 1".."n .eh"ds "# 3eer assess.ens6 Peer

n".inai"n inv"2ves ea1h -r"!3 .e.0er n".inain- wh" heshe 0e2ieves " 0e he 0esG "n

a 1erain di.ensi"n "# 3er#"r.an1e6 Peer rain-s have ea1h -r"!3 .e.0er rae ea1h "her "n

a se "# 3er#"r.an1e di.ensi"ns6 Peer rankin- re@!ires ea1h -r"!3 .e.0er rank a22 #e22"w

.e.0ers #r". 0esG " w"rsG "n "ne "r ."re di.ensi"ns "# 3er#"r.an1e6

(elf8Assessments2 #"r se2#)assess.ens, individ!a2s assess and eva2!ae heir "wn 0ehavi"r

and 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6 I is 1".."n #"r a -ra3hi1 rain- s1a2e " 0e !sed #"r se2#)assess.ens6

P"siive 2enien1y ends " 0e a 3r"02e. wih se2#)assess.ens6

9:;8 #e)ree Feed*ac


16/66

S!0"rdinaes a33raisa2 -ives a 1han1e " 4!d-e he e.32"yee "n he 3ara.eers 2ike

1"..!ni1ai"n and ."ivain- a0i2iies, s!3eri"rBs a0i2iy " de2e-ae he w"rk, 2eadershi3

@!a2iies e16 A2s" kn"wn as inerna2 1!s".ers, he 1"rre1 #eed0a1k -iven 0y 3eers 1an he23 "

#ind e.32"yeesB a0i2iies " w"rk in a ea., 1")"3erai"n and sensiiviy "wards "hers6

Fi-6(

Se2# assess.en is an indis3ensa02e 3ar "# *


17/66

" 0e #"22"wed 0y he., hey are ."re 2ike2y " #!2#i22 heir res3"nsi0i2iies6

&5E %'O PROCE((

Fi-6&

U=UE FEA&URE( A# A#/A&A$E( OF %'O

The 3rin1i32e 0ehind Mana-e.en 0y O04e1ives %M?O+ is " 1reae e.3"wered

e.32"yees wh" have 12ariy "# he r"2es and res3"nsi0i2iies e73e1ed #r". he.,

!ndersand heir "04e1ives " 0e a1hieved and h!s he23 in he a1hieve.en "#

"r-ani/ai"na2 as we22 as 3ers"na2 -"a2s6

%/


18/66


19/66

● Ne-aive in1idens .ay 0e ."re n"i1ea02e han 3"siive in1idens6

● I res!2s in very 12"se s!3ervisi"n whi1h .ay n" 0e 2iked 0y he e.32"yee6

● The re1"rdin- "# in1idens .ay 0e a 1h"re #"r he .ana-er 1"n1erned, wh" .ay 0e"" 0!sy "r #"r-e " d" i6

● The s!3ervis"rs have a enden1y " !n2"ad a series "# 1".32ains a0"! in1idensd!rin- an ann!a2 3er#"r.an1e review sessi"n6

!ei)+ted c+ec. #efinition of wei)+ted c+ec


20/66

● I is !se#!2 where 3ri"riies are n" 12ear6

● I is 3ari1!2ar2y !se#!2 where y"! d" n" have "04e1ive daa " 0ase his "n6

● I he23s y"! " se 3ri"riies where here are 1"n#2i1in- de.ands "n y"!r

res"!r1es6

● This .akes i easy " 1h""se he ."s i.3"ran 3r"02e. " s"2ve, "r se2e1 hes"2!i"n ha wi22 -ive y"! he -reaes advana-e6

9. (teps to cond1ct paired comparison analysis

● Lis he "3i"ns y"! wi22 1".3are %e2e.ens as A, ?, C, D, E #"r e7a.32e+6

● Creae a a02e < r"ws and = 1"2!.n6

● Wrie d"wn "3i"n " 1"2!.n and r"wJ A " r"w se1"nd, 1e22 #irs #r". 2e# and A" r"w #irs, 1e22 se1"nd #r". 2e#J ? " r"w hird, 1e22 #irs #r". 2e# and ? " r"w#irs, 1e22 hird #r". 2e# e1J 1"2!.n sevenh is "a2 3"in6

● Ideni#y i.3"ran1e #r". ' %n" di##eren1e+ " * %.a4"r di##eren1e+6

●

C".3are e2e.en AG " ?, C, D, E and 32a1e 3"inG a ea1h 1e226● Fina22y, 1"ns"2idae he res!2s 0y addin- !3 he "a2 "# a22 he va2!es #"r ea1h "#

he "3i"ns6 Y"! .ay wan " 1"nver hese va2!es in" a 3er1ena-e "# he "a2s1"re6

@. Paired comparison in performance appraisal

● The er. !sed " des1ri0e an a33raisa2 .eh"d #"r rankin- e.32"yees6

● We !se he a0"ve ."de2 " a33raise e.32"yeeB s 3er#"r.an1e6

#efinition of t+e ratin) scales

The Rain- S1a2e is a #"r. "n whi1h he .ana-er si.32y 1he1ks "## he e.32"yeeBs 2eve2"# 3er#"r.an1e6 This is he "2des and ."s wide2y .eh"d !sed #"r 3er#"r.an1ea33raisa26 The s1a2es .ay s3e1i#y #ive 3"ins, s" a #a1"r s!1h as 4"0 kn"w2ed-e .i-h 0eraed ( %3""r2y in#"r.ed a0"! w"rk d!ies+ " ; %has 1".32ee .asery "# a22 3hases "#he 4"0+6

Content of appraisal

Q !aniy "# w"rk6 "2!.e "# w"rk !nder n"r.a2 w"rkin- 1"ndii"nsQ !a2iy "# w"rk6 Neaness, h"r"!-hness and a11!ra1y "# w"rk n"w2ed-e "# 4"06

Q De3enda0i2iy6 C"ns1ieni"!s, h"r"!-h, re2ia02e, a11!rae, wih res3e1 " aendan1e,re2ie#, 2!n1h 0reaks, e16Q 5!d-.enQ ai!de6 E7hi0is enh!sias. and 1""3eraiveness "n he 4"0Q C""3erai"n 6 Wi22in-ness and a0i2iy " w"rk wih "hers " 3r"d!1e desired -"a2s6Q Iniiaive6

Ratin) scales

Rain- s1a2es 1an in12!de ; e2e.ens as #"22"ws

● Unsais#a1"ry

#$


21/66

● Fair

● Sais#a1"ry

● $""d

● O!sandin-

Ad3anta)es of t+e ratin) scales

● $ra3hi1 rain- s1a2es are 2ess i.e 1"ns!.in- " deve2"36

● They a2s" a22"w #"r @!aniaive 1".3aris"n6

#isad3anta)es of t+e ratin) scales

● Di##eren s!3ervis"rs wi22 !se he sa.e -ra3hi1 s1a2es in s2i-h2y di##eren ways6

● One way " -e ar"!nd he a.0i-!iy inheren in -ra3hi1 rain- s1a2es is " !se 0ehavi"r 0ased s1a2es, in whi1h s3e1i#i1 w"rk re2aed 0ehavi"rs are assessed6

● M"re va2idiy 1".3arin- w"rkers rain-s #r". a sin-2e s!3ervis"r han 1".3arin-w" w"rkers wh" were raed 0y di##eren s!3ervis"rs6

Essay e3al1ation met+od in performance appraisal

>. #efinition of essay e3al1ation

● This .eh"d asked .ana-ers s!3ervis"rs " des1ri0e sren-hs and weaknesses "# an e.32"yeeBs 0ehavi"r6 Essay eva2!ai"n is a n"n)@!aniaive e1hni@!e

● This .eh"d !s!a22y !se wih he -ra3hi1 rain- s1a2e .eh"d6

?. np1t of information so1rces

● 5"0 kn"w2ed-e and 3"enia2 "# he e.32"yeeJ

● E.32"yeeBs !ndersandin- "# he 1".3anyBs 3r"-ra.s, 3"2i1ies, "04e1ives, e16J

● The e.32"yeeBs re2ai"ns wih 1")w"rkers and s!3eri"rsJ● The e.32"yeeBs -enera2 32annin-, "r-ani/in- and 1"nr"22in- a0i2iyJ

● The ai!des and 3er1e3i"ns "# he e.32"yee, in -enera26

9. #isad3anta)es of essay e3al1ation

● Mana-er s!3ervis"r .ay wrie a 0iased essay6

● A 0!sy raer .ay wrie he essay h!rried2y wih"! 3r"3er2y assessin- he a1!a2 3er#"r.an1e "# he w"rker6

● A3ar #r". ha, raer akes a 2"n- i.e, his 0e1".es !ne1"n".i1a2 #r". he view

#%


22/66

3"in "# he #ir., 0e1a!se he i.e "# raer is 1"s2y6

● S".e eva2!a"rs .ay 0e 3""r in wriin- essays "n e.32"yee 3er#"r.an1e6 Ohers.ay 0e s!3er#i1ia2 in e732anai"n and !se #2"wery 2an-!a-e whi1h .ay n" re#2e1he a1!a2 3er#"r.an1e "# he e.32"yee6

Forced ran


23/66

1".3any ha va2!es @!a2iy and 1!s".er sais#a1i"n a."n-s "her 3ri"riies6 Wih

1"ns!.ers s3read a1r"ss he w"r2d, U#2e7 en4"ys a -2"0a2 rea1h6 ead@!arered in N"ida

%Nai"na2 Ca3ia2 Re-i"n, New De2hi+ i has sae "# he ar .an!#a1!rin- #a1i2iies in India

> D!0ai6 I has a2s" esa02ished "##i1es in UAE, E!r"3e, N"rh A.eri1a and en4"ys a

#"r.ida02e .arke 3resen1e in ."re han 8; 1"!nries6

U#2e7 #a1i2iy en4"ys ISO 9''( and ISO (:''( 1eri#i1ai"ns and has FDA and ?$A a33r"va2s #"r

heir 3r"d!1s6 I is a2s" a 3ar "# he D>? $2"0a2 Daa0ase and winner "# vari"!s 3resi-i"!s nai"na2

and inernai"na2 awards 2ike he "3 e73"rer "# ?OPET and ?OPP #i2.s, and he W"r2dsar award

#"r 3a1ka-in- e71e22en1e6 FPA, AIMCAL and he DUPONT Awards in &'':)&''; are he 2aes in his

series6

?ein- a .!2i #a1eed "r-ani/ai"n i has ine-raed is "3erai"ns #r". .an!#a1!re "# P"2yeser

1hi3s, Fi2.s %?OPET, ?OPP and CPP ) 0"h in 32ain and .ea2i/ed #"r.+, C"aed Fi2., La.inaes,

P"!1hes, "2"-ra3hi1 #i2.s $rav!re 1y2inders, Inks and adhesives " a22 y3es "# 3a1ka-in- >

3rinin- .a1hines, "##erin- "a2 #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in- s"2!i"n6

U#2e7 has a2ways 0een 1"..ied " he ind!sry 0y 3r"vidin- e1hni1a2 kn"w)h"w and 0ein- he

rend)seer in he #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in- ind!sry 6 ?ein- "n he ed-e "# inn"vai"n, U#2e7 endeav"rs "

0e he #irs " 1".e !3 wih advan1ed 3r"d!1s ha 1aer " he 1han-inde.ands "# he 3a1ka-in-

ind!sry6

As 3ar "# he U#2e7 $r"!3, i has "ver weny years "# e73erien1e in 3"2y.er e1hn"2"-y6 Sein-

.i2es"nes "# s!11ess and inn"vai"n, U#2e7 is wide2y kn"wn #"r .an!#a1!rin- and s!332yin-

3r"d!1s, de2iverin- a3 servi1es ar"!nd he w"r2d6

C+airmans /ision

#'


24/66

!elcome to UF"E- 8 a world of complete flexi*le pac


25/66

Fi-6*

The #"!nder Chair.an and Mana-in- Dire1"r "# The UFLEX $r"!3, Mr6 Ash"k Cha!rvedi,

3i"neered he -r"wh "# F2e7i02e Pa1kin- ind!sry in India6 e is hai2ed as he 2eader "# his

#as -r"win- se-.en "# 3a1ka-in- 0!siness in India6

Mr6 Cha!rvedis 3r"-ressive hinkin- .ade hi. 1"ns1i"!s "# he need " "##er s"2!i"ns #"r

F2e7i02e Pa1ka-in- and his 2ed " he in1e3i"n "# a 1".3any #"r .an!#a1!rin- 3a1ka-in-

.aeria2s6

E7hi0iin- ins3irin- inn"vaiveness and enre3rene!ria2 ski22s, Mr6 Cha!rvedi a332ied he

2aes inernai"na2 e1hn"2"-ies #"r ai2"rin- and desi-nin- 3a1kin- .aeria2 whi1h ada3ed

" he needs "# he 1!s".ers, winnin- .arkes -2"0a22y6A33re1iain- he 1!s".ers needs

#"r @!a2iy, 3r".3 de2ivery and servi1e, he de1ided " ine-rae 0a1kwards in he

.an!#a1!re6

'oard Of #irectors

#


26/66

ame of t+e #irector

Shri Ash"k Cha!rvedi ) Chair.an > Mana-in- Dire1"r

Shri Ravi ah3a2ia

Shri M6$6 $!3a

Shri A6 arai ) ICICI N".inee

Shri N D!--a2 ) IFCI N".inee

Shri S66 a!shik ) Wh"2e)i.e Dire1"r

Committee Of #irectors

MEM?ERS OF

A1dit Committee2

(6 Shri Ravi ah3a2ia Chair.an

&6 Shri M6$6 $!3a

*6 Shri A6 arai

Rem1neration Committee

(6 Shri M6$6 $!3a Chair.an

&6 Shri Ravi ah3a2ia

*6 Shri A6 arai

#B


27/66

(+are+oldersDn3estors $rie3ance Committee

(6 Shri Ravi ah3a2ia Chair.an

&6 Shri M6$6 $!3a

*6 Shri S66 a!shik

%"E(&OE(

Se3e.0er (98*) F"r.ai"n "# he #2e7 -r"!3 "# 1".3anies6

May (98:) F"r.ai"n "# F2e7 En-ineerin- Li.ied6

De1e.0er (98;) F"r.ai"n "# FCL Te1hn"2"-ies and Pr"d!1 2i.ied6

5!ne (988) F"r.ai"n "# U#2e7 Li.ied6 FIL is he 2ar-es .an!#a1!rer "# 3"2yeser,

3"2y3r"3y2ene, and .ea22ised #i2.s in India6

Fe0r!ary (99') F"r.ai"n "# F2e7 F""d Li.ied #"r .!shr"". 32anai"n6

N"ve.0er (99:) La!n1hed he "3erai"n "# Firs Line #"r he 3r"d!1i"n "# ?OPET #i2.s

!nder 3r"d!1i"n 1a3a1iy &',''' TPA6

5an!ary (99


28/66

5!2y &'':) A hird .ea22i/er wih a 1a3a1iy "#


29/66

'U(E(( #/(O

F"% #/(O

INTRODUCTION

UFLEX Li.ied, he India)0ased #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in- -ian, 0e-an is e7isen1e near2y w"

de1ades a-" and has 1".e a 2"n- way sin1e hen "##erin- a vas array "# inn"vaive 3r"d!1s

and servi1es ha enri1h 2i#e, i.3r"ve 3er#"r.an1e and 1reae va2!e #"r he 1!s".ers andshareh"2ders6

Wih a visi"n " Pr"-ress wih Disin1i"nG, UFLEX is 3rivi2e-ed " 1"nri0!e " s"1iey 0y

3r"d!1in- a variey "# s"3hisi1aed 3r"d!1s, "n sae)"#)he)ar i.3"red e@!i3.en and

.a1hines, i.3r"vin- he @!a2iy "# 2i#e #"r 3e"32e a1r"ss he -2"0e6

We .an!#a1!re in)h"!se P"2yeser 1hi3s, ?OPET ?OPP COATED METALLISED

CPP Fi2.s, Pa1ka-in- .a1hines, 1"nverin- e@!i3.en, inks, adhesives, F2e7i02e La.inaes

and P"!1hes and have e.er-ed as a "ne s"3 sh"3G 1"..ied " 3r"vidin- 1!s".ers wih

1".3eiive advana-e, 32a1in- "3 3ri"riy " 1!s".er s!11essG6

We, a he Fi2. Divisi"n "# UFLEX Li.ied, are "ne "# he 2ar-es .an!#a1!rer, s!332ier

and e73"rer "# a variey "# P2asi1 Fi2.s in he w"r2d6

Wih 1"nsisen @!a2iy, 3r"d!1i"n e73erise, 1"nin!"!s inn"vai"n in 3r"d!1s and

e1hn"2"-ies, a dedi1aed w"rk #"r1e and a hi-h2y ."ivaed 1"r3"rae ea., he F2e7 -r"!3 is

e73andin- a an i..ense 3a1e6

We invie y"! " ake a 2""k a "!r wide ran-e "# 3r"d!1s 0y 0r"wsin- hr"!-h hese 3a-es

and hen -ive !s a 1han1e " he23 y"!6

WeB22 .ake s!re " 0e here #"r y"! any i.e, every i.eV

#


30/66

5O"O$RAP50 #/(O

5olo)rap+y #i3ision is a 3r"#essi"na22y .ana-ed divisi"n "# UF2e7 Ld6, #"1!sin- "n he

3r"d!1i"n "# "3)"#)he)2ine h"2"-ra3hi1 3r"d!1s6

A UF2e7 h"2"-ra3hi1 divisi"n, "!r -"a2 is " de2iver @!a2iy ha wi22 ens!re he 1"n#iden1e"# "!r dis1ernin- 0!yers -2"0a22y and 0e1".e a 0en1h.ark #"r "hers6 We wi22 0e!n1".3r".isin- in "!r adheren1e " e71e22en1e a every sa-e "# 3r"d!1i"n, #r". hese2e1i"n "# raw .aeria2s " #ina2 3r"d!1 de2ivery6

E@!i33ed wih sae)"#)he)ar .an!#a1!rin- #a1i2iies and e1hn"2"-y ie)!3s wih w"r2d2eaders, 3r"vide an a11ess " 2eadin- inn"vai"ns in he ind!sry, hen1e ens!re 2aese1hn"2"-y and 3r"1esses in 32a1e6

Enire s!332y)1hain is a!ned " ens!re .ini.!. 2ead)i.e #"r e7e1!i"n "# 2ar-e "rders,"##er 1!s".i/ai"n "# 3r"d!1s 0ased "n 0!yer s3e1i#i1ai"ns and an ass!ran1e "# inn"vai"nand #2e7i0i2iy in 3r"d!1 desi-n6

R > D Wih a sr"n- #""h"2d in inn"vain- 3r"d!1s and desi-n, resear1h > deve2"3.en "# h"2"-ra3hy divisi"n is 1"..ied " re#ine and !3-rade he 3r"1esses and 3r"d!1s 0ein-.an!#a1!red6 O!r #!22y e@!i33ed resear1h 2a0"ra"ry is a res!2 "# 1"re e1hni1a2 sren-h >1"..i.ens " .an!#a1!rin- h"2"-ra3hy and re2aed 3r"d!1s6

6In addii"n .a7i.!. e.3hasis is 32a1ed "n se1!riy "# .akin- "# h"2"-ra. h"!sekee3in-and hy-iene in re2ai"n " .aeria2s, 3r"1esses, s"ra-e and hand2in-6 M"re"ver a22envir"n.ena2 2aws, -!ide2ines and 1"..i.ens are !n#ai2in-2y adhered "6

A22 e.issi"ns ke3 0e2"w 3er.issi02e 2eve2s

Mini.a2 3r"1ess wase -enerai"n ) A2."s a22 3r"d!1s .ade #r". e1")#riend2y .aeria2s

C"nin!"!s e.32"yee ed!1ai"n and ."ivai"n

Se1!red e7e1!i"n > de2ivery "# any 4"0 is an i.3"ran 3i22ar in h"2"-ra3hi1 ind!sry6 F2e7has ens!red he sa.e 0y insa22in-, 1ard a11ess syse. 0i").ari7 e1hn"2"-y %Th!.0

Re1"-nii"n Syse.+, #!22y rained in)h"!se ar.ed -!ards " resri1 any !na!h"ri/ed enry" he #a1i2iies and .ainain hi-h)2eve2 se1!riy /"ne6

E$EER$ #/(O

UFLEX Li.ied ) C"verin- Divisi"n en-a-ed in he 0!siness "# Pa1ka-in- and C"nverin-

Ma1hines, esa02ished in N"ida%ad4a1en " he nai"na2 1a3ia2, New De2hi, India+ in (98:, is

'$


31/66

an ine-ra2 3ar "# UFLEX $r"!3 "# 1".3anies6The UFLEX -r"!3 1"..en1ed is

"3erai"ns wih a s.a22 inves.en and a 3i"neerin- s3iri in (98*6 T"day, i is "ne "# he

2eadin- 1"r3"rae h"!ses in he Asia Pa1i#i1 Re-i"n "##erin-, a."n- he "her hin-s, a sin-2e

wind"w T"a2 Pa1ka-in- S"2!i"ns6

Fi) @

O1r /ision

H(afer "i3in) &+r1 'etter Pac


32/66

have 3er#e1ed "!r 3r"1esses and e1hn"2"-y " 3r"d!1e hi-h @!a2iy F2e7i02e Pa1ka-in-Maeria2s "n i.e and wihin 0!d-es6T" ens!re s!3eri"r @!a2iy and i.e2y de2ivery we havea1hieved #!22 0a1kward ine-rai"n6 O!r in)1".3any divisi"ns and -r"!3 1".3anies 2"1aednear0y 3r"d!1e a22 1rii1a2 in3!s, 2ike he ?OPET and ?OPP #i2.s, Inks, Adhesives ands!0sraes, "2"-ra3hi1 Fi2.s, Mea2isai"n #a1i2iy, ?2"wn Fi2. and "her s!1h raw

.aeria2s6

Fi- ;

Thr"!-h "!r inn"vai"ns in 3a1ka-in-, we have even he23ed "!r 1!s".ers res"2ve a variey

"# 3r"02e.s6 A #ew s!1h 1ases are @!"ed 0e2"w

An a!" .a4"r had seri"!s 3r"02e. in 1".0ain- s3!ri"!s s3ares6 We desi-ned very s3e1ia2

La.inaes wih h"2"-ra3hi1 desi-ns in1"r3"rain- he 1".3anys 2"-"6 This e2i.inaed he

3r"02e. a2."s i..ediae2y raisin- he sa2es " hree i.es wihin a year6

A 0ed .aress .an!#a1!rer had n" 0rand re1"-nii"n ins3ie "# -ivin- he 0es @!a2iy,

0e1a!se "# d!32i1ai"n6 When a22 .eh"ds #ai2ed " 1"nain his 3ira1y, UFLEX En-ineerin-

Divisi"n 1reaed a $rav!re 3rined 3"!1h .eas!rin- *


33/66

3a1ka-in- deve2"3.en and 3r"d!1i"n6 As a res!2 "# his drive sared .an!#a1!rin-r""-rav!re Cy2inders in he year (98< and "day 0"ass "# a 3r"d!1i"n 1a3a1iy "# "ver *;,''' 1y2inders 3er ann!.6

C5E%CA" #/(O

?reakin- hr"!-h wih e71iin- new inn"vai"ns in he #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in- is 3ar "# heinrinsi1 va2!e syse. a UFLEX Che.i1a2 Divisi"n6 ?y "##erin- a wide s3e1r!. "# 1"2"!r#!2 inks a2"n- wih he re@!isie ran-e "# adhesives, Che.i1a2 Divisi"n adds a wh"2e

new di.ensi"n " #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in-6

''


34/66

Fi- <

Che.i1a2 Disi"n , is 3ar "# he UF"E- "imited )na.e ha is syn"ny."!s wih he #2e7i02e 3a1ka-in- rev"2!i"n in India, 3r"vidin- complete flexi*le Pac


35/66

"&ERA&URE RE/E!

Or)aniGational CitiGens+ip 'e+a3io1r

A2s" re#erred " as 1"ne7!a2 0ehavi"!r, 3r"sai1a22y 0ehavi"!r, and e7ra)r"2e

0ehavi"!r, "r-ani/ai"na2 1ii/enshi3 0ehavi"!r %OC?+ 1"nsiss "# e.32"yee 0ehavi"!r ha

1"nri0!es " he we2#are "# he "r-ani/ai"n 0! is 0ey"nd he s1"3e "# he e.32"yeeBs 4"0

'

http://behavior/http://behavior/http://behavior/http://behavior/http://behavior/http://behavior/


36/66

d!ies6 These e7ra)r"2e 0ehavi"!rs .ay he23 "r hinder he aain.en "# "r-ani/ai"na2 -"a2s6

Resear1h s!33"rs #ive di.ensi"ns "# OC? a2r!is., 1"ns1ieni"!sness, 1"!resy,

s3"rs.anshi3, and 1ivi1 vir!e6 Resear1hers have #"!nd ha he OC? di.ensi"ns "# a2r!is.

and 1ivi1 vir!e 1an have 4!s as .!1h "# an i.3a1 "n .ana-erBs s!04e1ive eva2!ai"ns "#

e.32"yeesB 3er#"r.an1es as e.32"yeesB "04e1ive 3r"d!1iviy 2eve2s6 The de-ree " whi1hOC? 1an in#2!en1e 4!d-.ens "# 4"0 3er#"r.an1e is re2aive2y hi-h6 C"nr"versy e7iss as "

wheher OC? sh"!2d 0e #"r.a22y 1"nsidered as a 3ar "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 %PA+6

Performance Appraisal nter3iews

The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 %PA+ inerview is y3i1a22y he #ina2 se3 "# he a33raisa2

3r"1ess6 The inerview is he2d 0eween he s!0"rdinae and s!3ervis"r6 The PA inerview 1an

0e 1"nsidered "# -rea si-ni#i1an1e " an "r-ani/ai"nBs PA syse.6 I is ."s advana-e"!s

when 0"h he s!3eri"r and s!0"rdinae 3ari1i3ae in he inerview dis1!ssi"n and esa02ish-"a2s "-eher6 Three #a1"rs 1"nsisen2y 1"nri0!e " e##e1ive PA inerviews he

s!3ervis"rBs kn"w2ed-e "# he s!0"rdinaeBs 4"0 and 3er#"r.an1e in i, he s!3ervis"rBs

s!33"r "# he s!0"rdinae, and a we21".in- "# he s!0"rdinaeBs 3ari1i3ai"n6

Employee Reactions to Performance Appraisal

N!.er"!s resear1hers have re3"red ha .any e.32"yees are n" sais#ied wih heir

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 %PA+ syse.s6 S!dies have sh"wn ha s!04e1iviy as we22 asa33raiser 0ias is "#en a 3r"02e. 3er1eived 0y as .any as ha2# "# e.32"yees6 A33raiser 0ias,

h"wever, a33ears " 0e 3er1eived as ."re "# a 3r"02e. in -"vern.en and 3!02i1 se1"r

"r-ani/ai"ns6 A2s", a11"rdin- " s".e s!dies, e.32"yees wished " see 1han-es in he PA

syse. 0y .akin- he syse. ."re "04e1ive, i.3r"vin- he #eed0a1k 3r"1ess, and

in1reasin- he #re@!en1y "# review6G In 2i-h "# radii"na2 PA "3erai"n de#e1s,

"r-ani/ai"ns are n"w in1reasin-2y in1"r3"rain- 3ra1i1es ha .ay i.3r"ve he syse.6

These 1han-es are 3ari1!2ar2y 1"n1erned wih areas s!1h as e2i.inai"n "# s!04e1iviy and

0ias, rainin- "# a33raisers, i.3r"ve.en "# he #eed0a1k 3r"1ess and he 3er#"r.an1e review

dis1!ssi"n6G

A11"rdin- " a .ea)ana2ysis "# &= #ie2d s!dies, -enera2 e.32"yee 3ari1i3ai"n in hisher

"wn a33raisa2 3r"1ess was 3"siive2y 1"rre2aed wih e.32"yee rea1i"ns " he PA

syse.6 M"re s3e1i#i1a22y, e.32"yee 3ari1i3ai"n in he a33raisa2 3r"1ess was ."s sr"n-2y

re2aed " e.32"yee sais#a1i"n wih he PA syse.6 C"n1ernin- he re2ia0i2iy "# e.32"yee

rea1i"n .eas!res, resear1hers have #"!nd e.32"yee rea1i"n s1a2es " 0e s"!nd wih #ew

1"n1erns hr"!-h !sin- a 1"n#ir.a"ry #a1"r ana2ysis ha is re3resenaive "# e.32"yee

rea1i"n s1a2es6

Resear1hers s!--es ha he s!dy "# e.32"yeesB rea1i"ns " PA is i.3"ran 0e1a!se "# w"

.ain reas"ns e.32"yee rea1i"ns sy.0"2i/es a 1rieri"n "# ineres " 3ra1ii"ners "#

Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 and e.32"yee rea1i"ns have 0een ass"1iaed hr"!-h he"ry "

'B

http://bias/http://bias/


37/66

deer.inans "# a33raisa2 a11e3an1e and s!11ess6 Resear1hers rans2ae hese reas"ns in" he

1"ne7 "# he s1ienis ) 3ra1ii"ner -a3 "r he 2a1k "# a2i-n.en 0eween resear1h and

3ra1i1e6G

Performance Appraisal and "e)al mplications

There are #edera2 2aws addressin- #air e.32"y.en 3ra1i1es, and his a2s" 1"n1erns

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 %PA+6 Dis1ri.inai"n 1an "11!r wihin 3redi1i"ns "# 3er#"r.an1e and

eva2!ai"ns "# 4"0 0ehavi"rs6 The revisi"n "# .any 1"!r 1ases has revea2ed he inv"2ve.en

"# a22e-ed dis1ri.inai"n whi1h was "#en 2inked " he assess.en "# he e.32"yeeBs 4"0

3er#"r.an1e6 S".e "# he 2aws whi1h 3r"e1 individ!a2s a-ains dis1ri.inai"n are he Ti2e

II "# he Civi2 Ri-hs A1 "# (9


38/66

hi-her sa2aries6 C"!nries s1"rin- 2"w "n asseriveness 0! hi-her in iner3ers"na2 re2ai"ns

.ay n" 2ike he s"1ia2 se3arai"n and 3ay ine@!iy "# hi-her2"wer 3er#"r.in- e.32"yeesJ

e.32"yees #r". his ."re 1""3eraive raher han individ!a2isi1 1!2!re 32a1e ."re 1"n1ern

"n iner3ers"na2 re2ai"nshi3s wih "her e.32"yees raher han "n individ!a2 ineress6 i-h

asserive 1"!nries va2!e 3er#"r.an1e #eed0a1k #"r se2#).ana-e.en and e##e1iveness 3!r3"ses whi2e 1"!nries 2"w in asseriveness view 3er#"r.an1e #eed0a1k as hreaenin- and

"0r!siveG6 In his 1ase, he PA "# he hi-h asserive 1"!nries w"!2d 2ike2y n" 0e 0ene#i1ia2

#"r 1"!nries s1"rin- 2"wer in asseriveness " e.32"y6 "wever, 1"!nries s1"rin- 2"wer in

asseriveness 1"!2d e.32"y PA #"r 3!r3"ses "# i.3r"vin- 2"n-)er. 1"..!ni1ai"n

deve2"3.en wihin he "r-ani/ai"n s!1h as 12ari#yin- 4"0 "04e1ives, -!ide rainin- and

deve2"3.en 32ans, and 2essen he -a3 0eween 4"0 3er#"r.an1e and "r-ani/ai"na2

e73e1ai"ns6

Perception %#r". he Lain 3er1e3i", 3er1i3i"+ is he "r-ani/ai"n, ideni#i1ai"n, and

iner3reai"n "# sens"ry in#"r.ai"n in "rder " #a0ri1ae a .ena2 re3resenai"n hr"!-h he 3r"1ess "# ransd!1i"n, whi1h sens"rs in he 0"dy rans#"r. si-na2s #r". he envir"n.en

in" en1"ded ne!ra2 si-na2s6 A22 3er1e3i"n inv"2ves si-na2s in he nerv"!s syse., whi1h in

!rn res!2 #r". 3hysi1a2 si.!2ai"n "# he sense "r-ans6 F"r e7a.32e, visi"n

inv"2ves 2i-h srikin- he reinas "# he eyes, s.e22 is .ediaed 0y "d"r ."2e1!2es and

hearin- inv"2ves 3ress!re waves6 Per1e3i"n is n" he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2sive re1ei3 "#

hese si-na2s, 0! 1an 0e sha3ed 0y 2earnin-, .e."ry and e73e1ai"n6 Per1e3i"n inv"2ves

hese H"3)d"wnH e##e1s as we22 as he H0"".)!3H 3r"1ess "# 3r"1essin- sens"ry in3!6 The

H0"".)!3H 3r"1essin- is 0asi1a22y 2"w)2eve2 in#"r.ai"n has !sed " 0!i2d !3 hi-her)2eve2

in#"r.ai"n %i6e6 ) sha3es #"r "04e1 re1"-nii"n+6 The H"3)d"wnH 3r"1essin- re#ers " a 3ers"ns 1"n1e3 and e73e1ai"ns %kn"w2ed-e+ ha in#2!en1e 3er1e3i"n6 Per1e3i"n de3ends

"n 1".32e7 #!n1i"ns "# he nerv"!s syse., 0! s!04e1ive2y see.s ."s2y e##"r2ess 0e1a!se

his 3r"1essin- ha33ens "!side 1"ns1i"!s awareness6

Sin1e he rise "# e73eri.ena2 3sy1h"2"-y in he 2ae (9h Cen!ry, 3sy1h"2"-y s

!ndersandin- "# 3er1e3i"n has 3r"-ressed 0y 1".0inin- a variey "#

e1hni@!es6 Psy1h"3hysi1s .eas!res he e##e1 "n 3er1e3i"n "# varyin- he 3hysi1a2 @!a2iies

"# he in3!6 Sens"ry ne!r"s1ien1es!dies he 0rain .e1hanis.s !nder2yin- 3er1e3i"n6

Per1e3!a2 syse.s 1an a2s" 0e s!died 1".3!ai"na22y, in er.s "# he in#"r.ai"n hey

3r"1ess6 Per1e3!a2 iss!es in 3hi2"s"3hy in12!de he e7en " whi1h sens"ry @!a2iies s!1h ass"!nds, s.e22s "r 1"2"rs e7is in "04e1ive rea2iy raher han he .ind "# he 3er1eiver6

A2h"!-h he senses were radii"na22y viewed as 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2sive re1e3"rs, he

s!dy "# i22!si"ns and a.0i-!"!s i.a-es has de."nsraed ha he 0rains 3er1e3!a2 syse.s

a1ive2y and 3re)1"ns1i"!s2y ae.3 " .ake sense "# heir in3!6 There is si22 a1ive de0ae

a0"! he e7en " whi1h 3er1e3i"n is an a1ive 3r"1ess "# hy3"hesis esin-, ana2"-"!s

" s1ien1e, "r wheher rea2isi1 sens"ry in#"r.ai"n is ri1h en"!-h " .ake his 3r"1ess

!nne1essary6

The 3er1e3!a2 syse.s "# he 0rain ena02e individ!a2s " see he w"r2d ar"!nd he. as sa02e,even h"!-h he sens"ry in#"r.ai"n .ay 0e in1".32ee and ra3id2y varyin-6 !.an and

'

http://system/http://system/http://photon/http://retina/http://retina/http://molecules/http://molecules/http://wave/http://learning/http://learning/http://memory/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychophysics/http://neuroscience/http://neuroscience/http://computation/http://computation/http://perception/http://illusion/http://image/http://hypothesis/http://science/http://science/http://system/http://brain/http://system/http://system/http://photon/http://retina/http://molecules/http://wave/http://wave/http://learning/http://memory/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychology/http://psychophysics/http://neuroscience/http://neuroscience/http://computation/http://perception/http://perception/http://perception/http://perception/http://illusion/http://image/http://image/http://hypothesis/http://science/http://system/http://system/http://brain/


39/66

ani.a2 0rains are sr!1!red in a ."d!2ar way, wih di##eren areas 3r"1essin- di##eren kinds

"# sens"ry in#"r.ai"n6 S".e "# hese ."d!2es ake he #"r. "# sens"ry .a3s, .a33in- s".e

as3e1 "# he w"r2d a1r"ss 3ar "# he 0rains s!r#a1e6 These di##eren ."d!2es are

iner1"nne1ed and in#2!en1e ea1h "her6 F"r insan1e, he ase is sr"n-2y in#2!en1ed 0y is

"d"r6

Process and terminolo)y

The 3r"1ess "# 3er1e3i"n 0e-ins wih an "04e1 in he rea2 w"r2d, er.ed he disa2

si.!2!s "r disa2 "04e16 ?y .eans "# 2i-h, s"!nd "r an"her 3hysi1a2 3r"1ess, he "04e1

si.!2aes he 0"dys sens"ry "r-ans6 These sens"ry "r-ans rans#"r. he in3! ener-y in"

ne!ra2 a1iviya 3r"1ess 1a22ed ransd!1i"n6 This raw 3aern "# ne!ra2 a1iviy is 1a22ed

he 3r"7i.a2 si.!2!s6 These ne!ra2 si-na2s are rans.ied " he 0rain and 3r"1essed6K& The

res!2in- .ena2 re1reai"n "# he disa2 si.!2!s is he 3er1e36 Per1e3i"n is s".ei.es

des1ri0ed as he 3r"1ess "# 1"nsr!1in- .ena2 re3resenai"ns "# disa2 si.!2i !sin- he

in#"r.ai"n avai2a02e in 3r"7i.a2 si.!2i6

An e7a.32e w"!2d 0e a 3ers"n 2""kin- a a sh"e6 The sh"e ise2# is he disa2 si.!2!s6 When

2i-h #r". he sh"e eners a 3ers"ns eye and si.!2aes heir reina, ha si.!2ai"n is he

3r"7i.a2 si.!2!s6 The i.a-e "# he sh"e re1"nsr!1ed 0y he 0rain "# he 3ers"n is he

3er1e36 An"her e7a.32e w"!2d 0e a e2e3h"ne rin-in-6 The rin-in- "# he e2e3h"ne is he

disa2 si.!2!s6 The s"!nd si.!2ain- a 3ers"ns a!di"ry re1e3"rs is he 3r"7i.a2 si.!2!s,

and he 0rains iner3reai"n "# his as he rin-in- "# a e2e3h"ne is he 3er1e36 The di##eren

kinds "# sensai"n s!1h as war.h, s"!nd, and ase are 1a22ed Hsens"ry ."da2iiesH6K


40/66

The Tar-e6 This is he 3ers"n wh" is 0ein- 3er1eived "r 4!d-ed6 HA.0i-!iy "r 2a1k "#

in#"r.ai"n a0"! a ar-e 2eads " a -reaer need #"r iner3reai"n and addii"n6H

The Si!ai"n a2s" -rea2y in#2!en1es 3er1e3i"ns 0e1a!se di##eren si!ai"ns .ay 1a22 #"r

addii"na2 in#"r.ai"n a0"! he ar-e6

Si.!2i are n" ne1essari2y rans2aed in" a 3er1e3 and rare2y d"es a sin-2e si.!2!s rans2ae

in" a 3er1e36 An a.0i-!"!s si.!2!s .ay 0e rans2aed in" .!2i32e 3er1e3s, e73erien1ed

rand".2y, "ne a a i.e, in wha is 1a22ed H.!2isa02e 3er1e3i"nH6 And he sa.e si.!2i, "r

a0sen1e "# he., .ay res!2 in di##eren 3er1e3s de3endin- "n s!04e1Bs 1!2!re and 3revi"!s

e73erien1es6 A.0i-!"!s #i-!res de."nsrae ha a sin-2e si.!2!s 1an res!2 in ."re han

"ne 3er1e3J #"r e7a.32e he R!0in vase whi1h 1an 0e iner3reed eiher as a vase "r as w"

#a1es6 The 3er1e3 1an 0ind sensai"ns #r". .!2i32e senses in" a wh"2e6 A 3i1!re "# a

a2kin- 3ers"n "n a e2evisi"n s1reen, #"r e7a.32e, is 0"!nd " he s"!nd "# s3ee1h #r".

s3eakers " #"r. a 3er1e3 "# a a2kin- 3ers"n6 HPer1e3H is a2s" a er. !sed 0y Lei0ni/,K(' ?er-s"n, De2e!/e and $!aariK(( " de#ine 3er1e3i"n inde3enden #r". 3er1eivers6

Perception and reality

In he 1ase "# vis!a2 3er1e3i"n, s".e 3e"32e 1an a1!a22y see he 3er1e3 shi# in heir .ind s

eye6 Ohers, wh" are n" 3i1!re hinkers, .ay n" ne1essari2y 3er1eive he sha3e)shi#in- as

heir w"r2d 1han-es6 The ese.32asi1 na!re has 0een sh"wn 0y e73eri.en an a.0i-!"!s

i.a-e has .!2i32e iner3reai"ns "n he 3er1e3!a2 2eve26

This 1"n#!sin- a.0i-!iy "# 3er1e3i"n is e732"ied in h!.an e1hn"2"-ies s!1h

as 1a."!#2a-e, and a2s" in 0i"2"-i1a2 .i.i1ry, #"r e7a.32e 0y E!r"3ean Pea1"1k 0!er#2ies,wh"se win-s 0ear eye .arkin-s ha 0irds res3"nd " as h"!-h hey were he eyes "# a

dan-er"!s 3reda"r6

There is a2s" eviden1e ha he 0rain in s".e ways "3eraes "n a s2i-h Hde2ayH, " a22"w nerve

i.3!2ses #r". disan 3ars "# he 0"dy " 0e ine-raed in" si.!2ane"!s si-na2s6

Per1e3i"n is "ne "# he "2des #ie2ds in 3sy1h"2"-y6 The "2des @!aniaive 2aw in 3sy1h"2"-y

is he We0er ) Fe1hner 2aw, whi1h @!ani#ies he re2ai"nshi3 0eween he inensiy "# 3hysi1a2

si.!2i and heir 3er1e3!a2 e##e1s %#"r e7a.32e, esin- h"w .!1h darker a 1".3!er s1reen

1an -e 0e#"re he viewer a1!a22y n"i1es+6 The s!dy "# 3er1e3i"n -ave rise "he $esa2 s1h""2 "# 3sy1h"2"-y, wih is e.3hasis "n h"2isi1 a33r"a1h6

Effect of moti3ation and expectation

Main ari12e Se %3sy1h"2"-y+

A 3er1e3!a2 se, a2s" 1a22ed 3er1e3!a2 e73e1an1y "r 4!s se is a 3redis3"sii"n " 3er1eive

hin-s in a 1erain way6 I is an e7a.32e "# h"w 3er1e3i"n 1an 0e sha3ed 0y H"3)d"wnH

3r"1esses s!1h as drives and e73e1ai"ns6 Per1e3!a2 ses "11!r in a22 he di##erensenses6 They 1an 0e 2"n- er., s!1h as a s3e1ia2 sensiiviy " hearin- "nes "wn na.e in a

@$

http://perception/http://vase/http://vase/http://leibniz/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception#cite_note-9http://bergson/http://bergson/http://deleuze/http://deleuze/http://guattari/http://guattari/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception#cite_note-10http://eye/http://eye/http://eye/http://thinking/http://image/http://image/http://image/http://camouflage/http://mimicry/http://peacock/http://law/http://psychology/http://holism/http://holism/http://perception/http://perception/http://vase/http://vase/http://leibniz/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception#cite_note-9http://bergson/http://deleuze/http://guattari/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception#cite_note-10http://eye/http://eye/http://eye/http://eye/http://thinking/http://thinking/http://image/http://image/http://camouflage/http://mimicry/http://peacock/http://peacock/http://peacock/http://law/http://law/http://law/http://law/http://psychology/http://holism/


41/66

1r"wded r""., "r sh"r er., as in he ease wih whi1h h!n-ry 3e"32e n"i1e he s.e22 "#

#""d6 A si.32e de."nsrai"n "# he e##e1 inv"2ved very 0rie# 3resenai"ns "# n"n)w"rds

s!1h as Hsae2H6 S!04e1s wh" were "2d " e73e1 w"rds a0"! ani.a2s read i as Hsea2H, 0!

"hers wh" were e73e1in- 0"a)re2aed w"rds read i as Hsai2H6

Ses 1an 0e 1reaed 0y ."ivai"n and s" 1an res!2 in 3e"32e iner3rein- a.0i-!"!s #i-!res

s" ha hey see wha hey wan " see6 F"r insan1e, h"w s".e"ne 3er1eives wha !n#"2ds

d!rin- a s3"rs -a.e 1an 0e 0iased i# hey sr"n-2y s!33"r "ne "# he ea.s6 In "ne

e73eri.en, s!dens were a22"1aed " 32easan "r !n32easan asks 0y a 1".3!er6 They were

"2d ha eiher a n!.0er "r a 2eer w"!2d #2ash "n he s1reen " say wheher hey were -"in-

" ase an "ran-e 4!i1e drink "r an !n32easan)asin- hea2h drink6 In #a1, an a.0i-!"!s

#i-!re was #2ashed "n s1reen, whi1h 1"!2d eiher 0e read as he 2eer ? "r he n!.0er (*6

When he 2eers were ass"1iaed wih he 32easan ask, s!04e1s were ."re 2ike2y " 3er1eive

a 2eer ?, and when 2eers were ass"1iaed wih he !n32easan ask hey ended " 3er1eive a

n!.0er (*6

Per1e3!a2 se has 0een de."nsraed in .any s"1ia2 1"ne7s6 Pe"32e wh" are 3ri.ed "

hink "# s".e"ne as Hwar.H are ."re 2ike2y " 3er1eive a variey "# 3"siive 1hara1erisi1s in

he., han i# he w"rd Hwar.H is re32a1ed 0y H1"2dH6 When s".e"ne has a re3!ai"n #"r

0ein- #!nny, an a!dien1e are ."re 2ike2y " #ind he. a.!sin-6 Individ!a2s 3er1e3!a2 ses

re#2e1 heir "wn 3ers"na2iy rais6 F"r e7a.32e, 3e"32e wih an a--ressive 3ers"na2iy are

@!i1ker " 1"rre12y ideni#y a--ressive w"rds "r si!ai"ns

One 12assi1 3sy1h"2"-i1a2 e73eri.en sh"wed s2"wer rea1i"n i.es and 2ess a11!rae

answers when a de1k "# 32ayin- 1ards reversed he 1"2"r "# he s!i sy.0"2 #"r s".e 1ards%e6-6 red s3ades and 02a1k hears+

Phi2"s"3her Andy C2ark e732ains ha 3er1e3i"n, a2h"!-h i "11!rs @!i1k2y, is n" si.32y a

0"".)!3 3r"1ess %where .in!e deai2s are 3! "-eher " #"r. 2ar-er wh"2es+6 Insead, "!r

0rains !se wha he 1a22s Predi1ive 1"din-6 I sars wih very 0r"ad 1"nsrains and

e73e1ai"ns #"r he sae "# he w"r2d, and as e73e1ai"ns are .e, i .akes ."re deai2ed

3redi1i"ns %err"rs 2ead " new 3redi1i"ns, "r 2earnin- 3r"1esses+6 C2ark says his resear1h

has vari"!s i.32i1ai"nsJ n" "n2y 1an here 0e n" 1".32ee2y H!n0iased, !n#i2eredH

3er1e3i"n, 0! his .eans ha here is a -rea dea2 "# #eed0a1k 0eween 3er1e3i"n and

e73e1ai"n %3er1e3!a2 e73erien1es "#en sha3e "!r 0e2ie#s, 0! h"se 3er1e3i"ns were 0ased"n e7isin- 0e2ie#s+6

&+eories

Perception as +ypot+esis8testin)

C"-niive he"ries "# 3er1e3i"n ass!.e here is a 3"very "# si.!2!s6 This %wih re#eren1e

" 3er1e3i"n+ is he 12ai. ha sensai"ns are, 0y he.se2ves, !na02e " 3r"vide a !ni@!e

des1ri3i"n "# he w"r2d6 Sensai"ns re@!ire enri1hin-, whi1h is he r"2e "# he .ena2 ."de26

A di##eren y3e "# he"ry is he 3er1e3!a2 e1"2"-y a33r"a1h "# 5a.es 5 6 $i0s"n6 $i0s"n

@%

http://motivation/http://motivation/http://cards/http://cards/http://cards/http://clark/http://clark/http://learning/http://learning/http://cognition/http://ecology/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://motivation/http://cards/http://cards/http://clark/http://clark/http://learning/http://cognition/http://cognition/http://ecology/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://gibson/


42/66

re4e1ed he ass!.3i"n "# a 3"very "# si.!2!s 0y re4e1in- he n"i"n ha 3er1e3i"n is

0ased in sensai"ns insead, he invesi-aed wha in#"r.ai"n is a1!a22y 3resened " he

3er1e3!a2 syse.s6 is he"ry Hass!.es he e7isen1e "# sa02e, !n0"!nded, and 3er.anen

si.!2!s)in#"r.ai"n in he a.0ien "3i1 array6 And i s!33"ses ha he vis!a2 syse. 1an

e732"re and dee1 his in#"r.ai"n6 The he"ry is in#"r.ai"n)0ased, n" sensai"n) 0ased6H e and he 3sy1h"2"-iss wh" w"rk wihin his 3aradi-. deai2ed h"w he w"r2d

1"!2d 0e s3e1i#ied " a ."0i2e, e732"rin- "r-anis. via he 2aw#!2 3r"4e1i"n "# in#"r.ai"n

a0"! he w"r2d in" ener-y arrays6 S3e1i#i1ai"n is a (( .a33in- "# s".e as3e1 "# he

w"r2d in" a 3er1e3!a2 arrayJ -iven s!1h a .a33in-, n" enri1h.en is re@!ired and

3er1e3i"n is dire1 3er1e3i"n

Perception8in8action

An e1"2"-i1a2 !ndersandin- "# 3er1e3i"n derived #r". $i0s"n s ear2y w"rk is ha "#

H3er1e3i"n)in)a1i"nH, he n"i"n ha 3er1e3i"n is a re@!isie 3r"3ery "# ani.ae a1i"nJ

ha wih"! 3er1e3i"n a1i"n w"!2d 0e !n-!ided, and wih"! a1i"n 3er1e3i"n w"!2d serve

n" 3!r3"se6 Ani.ae a1i"ns re@!ire 0"h 3er1e3i"n and ."i"n, and 3er1e3i"n and

."ve.en 1an 0e des1ri0ed as Hw" sides "# he sa.e 1"in, he 1"in is a1i"nH6 $i0s"n w"rks

#r". he ass!.3i"n ha sin-!2ar eniies, whi1h he 1a22s HinvariansH, a2ready e7is in he

rea2 w"r2d and ha a22 ha he 3er1e3i"n 3r"1ess d"es is " h".e in !3"n he.6 A view

kn"wn as 1"nsr!1ivis. %he2d 0y s!1h 3hi2"s"3hers as Erns v"n $2asers#e2d+ re-ards he

1"nin!a2 ad4!s.en "# 3er1e3i"n and a1i"n " he e7erna2 in3! as 3re1ise2y wha

1"nsi!es he HeniyH, whi1h is here#"re #ar #r". 0ein- invarian6

$2asers#e2d 1"nsiders an HinvarianH as a ar-e " 0e h".ed in !3"n, and a 3ra-.ai1ne1essiy " a22"w an iniia2 .eas!re "# !ndersandin- " 0e esa02ished 3ri"r " he !3dain-

ha a sae.en ai.s " a1hieve6 The invarian d"es n" and need n" re3resen an a1!a2iy,

and $2asers#e2d des1ri0es i as e7re.e2y !n2ike2y ha wha is desired "r #eared 0y an

"r-anis. wi22 never s!##er 1han-e as i.e -"es "n6 This s"1ia2 1"nsr!1i"nis he"ry h!s

a22"ws #"r a need#!2 ev"2!i"nary ad4!s.en6

A .ahe.ai1a2 he"ry "# 3er1e3i"n)in)a1i"n has 0een devised and invesi-aed in .any

#"r.s "# 1"nr"22ed ."ve.en, and has 0een des1ri0ed in .any di##eren s3e1ies "# "r-anis.

!sin- he $enera2 Ta! The"ry6 A11"rdin- " his he"ry, a! in#"r.ai"n, "r i.e)")-"a2

in#"r.ai"n is he #!nda.ena2 3er1e3 in 3er1e3i"n6

@#

http://stimulus/http://stimulus/http://paradigm/http://perception/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://epistemology/http://glasersfeld/http://glasersfeld/http://brain/http://brain/http://theory/http://stimulus/http://stimulus/http://stimulus/http://paradigm/http://perception/http://perception/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://gibson/http://epistemology/http://glasersfeld/http://glasersfeld/http://glasersfeld/http://brain/http://theory/http://theory/http://theory/


43/66

RE(EARC5 %E&5O#O"O$0

Researc+ %et+odolo)y Adopted

Researc+ #esi)n 2 Des1ri3ive resear1h

Researc+ nstr1ment 2 Sr!1!red !esi"nnaire

(amplin) Plan

i+ Sa.32e Meh"d 2 N"n)Pr"0a0i2iy Sa.32in-

%C"nvenien1e Sa.32in-+

ii+ Sa.32e Si/e 2 (''

@'


44/66

iii+ Sa.32e Uni 2 E.32"yees wh" d" n" h"2d a

s!3ervis"ry 3"sii"n

(amplin) #esi)n

Con3enience (amplin), as he na.e i.32ies, is 0ased "n he 1"nvenien1e "# he

resear1her wh" is " se2e1 a sa.32e6 Res3"ndens in he sa.32e are in12!ded in i .ere2y

"n a11"!n "# heir 0ein- avai2a02e "n he s3" where he s!rvey was in 3r"-ress6

(o1rce of #ata

>. #ata (o1rce2

There are w" y3es "# daaJ 3ri.ary and se1"ndary daa6

Pri.ary daa

In his 3r"4e1 w"rk 3ri.ary daa has 0een 1"22e1ed 0y

●

!esi"nnaires have 0een d"ne "n severa2 res3"ndens in he 2"1a2 area and 3er1e3i"na0"! he daa 1ard were 1"22e1ed6

Se1"ndary daa

The daa 1"22e1ed #r". se1"ndary s"!r1e is hr"!-h Ma-a/ine , news3a3er, inerne6

?. #ata Analysis2

Saisi1a2 T""2

The saisi1a2 ""2 !sed in his 3r"4e1 is 1hi s@!are6

@@


45/66

F#$( A# AA"0((

50PO&5E((

NULL YPOTESIS There is n" re2ai"n 0eween e.32"yees 3er1e3i"n and 3er#"r.an1e

a33raisa26

ALTERNATE YPOTESIS There is re2ai"n 0eween e.32"yees 3er1e3i"n and

3er#"r.an1e a33raisa26

@


46/66

%y performance is ade41ately monitored d1rin) performance appraisal.

Fi-=

● Fr". he a0"ve daa we #ind ."s "# he e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is 0e2"w (',''' and a0"ve

*',''' hey are sr"n-2y a-ree ha heir 3er#"r.an1e is ade@!ae2y ."ni"red d!rin-


@B


47/66

● Ma7i.!. e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is in 0eween (',''')&',''' and &',''')*',''', hey are

a-ree6

Performance appraisal does not contri*1te to 6o* performance.

Fi- 8

● Fr". he a0"ve daa we #ind ."s "# he e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is 0e2"w (',''' and a0"ve

*',''' hey are disa-ree ha 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 d"es n" 1"nri0!e " 4"0

3er#"r.an1e6

● Ma7i.!. e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is in 0eween (',''')&',''' and &',''')*',''', hey are

sr"n-2y disa-ree6

@/


48/66

Performance )oals are clearly defined in t+e process of appraisal.

Fi- 9

The a0"ve -ra3h re3resens .a7i.!. n!.0er "# e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is 0e2"w (',''' and

(',''' are Disa-ree ha he 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he 3r"1ess "# 3er#"r.an1e6

Whereas, h"se e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is &',''')*',''' hey are a-ree and a0"ve *',''' -ive n"

res3"nse6

&+e performance appraisal is +elpf1l in red1cin) )rie3ance amon) t+eemployees.

Fi- ('

@


49/66

The a0"ve -ra3h re3resens ."s "# he e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is 0e2"w (',''' and (',''')&','''

hey disa-ree ha he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2 in red!1in- -rievan1e a."n- he e.32"yees6

Whereas, .a7i.!. e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary in 0eween &',''')*',''' and a0"ve *',''' hey are

sr"n-2y a-ree6

do not need feed*ac< to monitor my performance

Fi- ((

● The a0"ve -ra3h re3resens .a7i.!. n!.0er "# e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is 0e2"w (','''

are disa-ree ha hey d" n" need #eed0a1k " ."ni"r heir 3er#"r.an1e6

● M"s "# he e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary in 0eween (',''')&',''' and &',''')*',''' hey

a-ree ha hey d" n" need #eed0a1k " ."ni"r heir 3er#"r.an1e6

● And Ma7i.!. e.32"yees wh"se sa2ary is a0"ve *',''' hey are sr"n-2y a-ree6

@


50/66

&+e performance appraisal is +elpf1l for impro3in) personnel s


51/66

● The a0"ve -ra3h re3resens .a7i.!. n!.0er "# e.32"yees wh"se years "#

servi1e !3 " & years and a0"ve (' years are sr"n-2y a-ree ha he 3r"."i"n is 3!re2y

0ased "n 3er#"r.an1e6

● M"s "# he e.32"yees wh"se years "# servi1e is &)< years and


52/66

Appraisal en+ances t+e c+ances for promotion.

Fi- (;

● A0"ve -ra3h sh"ws ha ."s "# he e.32"yees wh"se years "# servi1e !3 " & years and


53/66

C58(=UARE &E(&

A"&ERA&/E 50PO&5E((H Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 i.3r"ves 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6

O E O)E %O)E+ %O)E+E

Sr"n-2y a-ree

A-ree

N" res3"nse

Disa-ree

Sr"n-2y disa-ree

:8

*&

9

=

:

&'

&'

&'

&'

&'

&8

(&

((

(*

(<

=8:

(::

(&(

(


54/66

Ca21!2aed ] Ta0!2aed

There#"re, N!22 y3"hesis is re4e1ed6 i6e6 Per#"r.an1e A33raisa2 d"es n" i.3r"ves 4"0

3er#"r.an1e, his sae.en is re4e1ed6

S", #r". he res!2 we 1an say ha 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 i.3r"ves 4"0 3er#"r.an1e6

A"&ERA&/E 50PO&5E((8 The assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e ."ivaes

" w"rk harder6


Sr"n-2y a-ree *& &' (& (:: =6&

@


55/66

A-ree

N" res3"nse

Disa-ree

Sr"n-2y disa-ree

*<

(:

((

=

&'

&'

&'

&'

(<

<

9

(*

&;<

*<

8(

(


56/66

A"&ERA&/E 50PO&5E(() Per#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he

3r"1ess "# a33raisa26


Sr"n-2y a-ree

A-ree

N" res3"nse

Disa-ree

&<

*9

(;

9

&'

&'

&'

&'

<

(9

;

((

*<

*


57/66

Sr"n-2y disa-ree (( &' 9 8( :6';

Ta02e *

Where, O is O0served va2!e

and, E is e73e1ed va2!e6

Z%')E+E [ *(6&

\ [ Z%O)E+ E [ *(6&

n)( [ ;)( [ : De-ree "# #reed".

n[ n!.0er "# varia02es

The si-ni#i1an1e 2eve2 [ '6';

S", 96:9 is Ta0!2aed


There#"re, N!22 y3"hesis is re4e1ed6 i6e6 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s are n" 12ear2y de#ined in he 3r"1ess "# a33raisa26 This sae.en is re4e1ed6

S", #r". he res!2 we 1an say ha Per#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he 3r"1ess "#

a33raisa26

/


58/66

A"&ERA&/E 50PO&5E(() Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"vides .e wih

he "33"r!niy " se 3ers"na2 -"a2s6


Sr"n-2y a-ree

A-ree

N" res3"nse

Disa-ree

Sr"n-2y disa-ree

&<

*<

(<

(&

('

&'

&'

&'

&'

&'

<

(<

:

8

('

*<

&;<

(<


59/66

Ta02e :

Where, O is O0served va2!e

and, E is e73e1ed va2!e6

Z%')E+E [ &*6<

\ [ Z%O)E+ E [ &*6<

n)( [ ;)( [ : De-ree "# #reed".

n[ n!.0er "# varia02es

The si-ni#i1an1e 2eve2 [ '6';

S", 96:9 is Ta0!2aed


There#"re, N!22 y3"hesis is re4e1ed6 i6e Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 d"es n" 3r"vides .e wih

he "33"r!niy " se 3ers"na2 -"a2s6 This sae.en is re4e1ed6

S", #r". he res!2 we 1an say ha Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"vides .e wih he "33"r!niy

" se 3ers"na2 -"a2s6

(6 As i is 12eared 0y he ana2ysis 3ar ha he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 enhan1es he

3er#"r.an1e "# he e.32"yees and assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e ."ivaes " w"rk

harder hese w" sais#y "!r #irs "04e1ive whi1h is " #ind "! ha he 3er1e3i"n "#

e.32"yees "wards 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 and 0y his i is 12ear ha e.32"yees are

very .!1h de3ended !3"n he a33raisa2 syse. and and hey are 2ike2y " d" he w"rk #"r heir a33raisa2 and 0y his heir 3er#"r.an1e enhan1e6


60/66

&6 And 0y "her " ana2ysis i6e6 3er#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he 3r"1ess "#

a33raisa2 and he 2as "ne i6e6 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"vides wih he "33"r!niy "

se 3ers"na2 -"a2s and 0y hese i is 12eared ha he se1"nd "04e1ive whi1h is he

s!dy "# he i.3a1 "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 "n e.32"yeesB 3er#"r.an1e and 0y his

i is 12ear2y de#ined ha he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 has a 3"siive i.3a1 "n he

e.32"yeesB 3er#"r.an1e6

And 0y his i is 12eared ha "!r a2ernae hy3"hesis whi1h is here is re2ai"n 0eween

e.32"yees 3er1e3i"n and 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 has 0een 4!si#ied6

COC"U(O , RECO%%E#A&O

Per#"r.an1e A33raisa2 assesses an individ!a2 e.32"yeeBs 4"0 3er#"r.an1e and 3r"d!1iviyin re2ai"n " 1erain 3re)esa02ished 1rieria and "r-ani/ai"na2 "04e1ives6 Per#"r.an1e

a33raisa2 32ays a very i.3"ran r"2e in he "r-ani/ai"n 0e1a!se i i.3r"ves 4"0

3er#"r.an1e6 Fr". he s!dy i is 1"n12!de ha 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"vides he

"33"r!niy " se 3ers"na2 -"a2s6 I is a2s" 1"n12!de ha he assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e

."ivaes " w"rk harder6 The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2 in red!1in- -rievan1e a."n-

he e.32"yees6 Fr". his s!dy i is #"!nd ha 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 in1reases 1areer

-r"wh6 And 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 he23s in he 3r"."i"n "# he e.32"yees6 I is 12eared 0y

he ana2ysis 3ar ha he 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 enhan1es he 3er#"r.an1e "# he e.32"yees

and assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e ."ivaes " w"rk harder hese w" sais#y "!r #irs "04e1ive

whi1h is " #ind "! ha he 3er1e3i"n "# e.32"yees "wards 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2

B$


61/66

This sh"ws ha here .!s 0e s".e ne1essary 1han-es .ade and " 2""k a#er #"r he 3r"3er

-r"wh "# he #ir. and as we22 as "# he e.32"yeesB 3er#"r.an1e6 The re1"..endai"n whi1h

.!s 0e #"22"wed #"r ha are as #"22"ws)

● The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 .!s 0e .eas!red "n he 1"nin!"!s i.e 3eri"d6

● There .!s 0e 3r"3er ."ni"rin- "# he e.32"yees 3er#"r.an1e6

● There .!s 0e 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 " i.3r"v he 3ers"nne2 ski22s "# he e.32"yees6

● Pr"."i"n .!s 0e d"ne "n he 0asis "# 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa26

● There .!s 0e assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e " ."ivae he e.32"yees " w"rk harder6

"%&A&O(

There are vari"!s 2i.iai"ns in he 1".32ei"n "# he 3r"4e1 and hey are as #"22"ws

● Few e.32"yees were havin- 3r"02e.s in #i22in- he @!esi"nnaire d!e " i.e 1"nsrain6

● Few e.32"yees were akin- he e7er1ise as a .ere #"r.a2iy6

B%


62/66

● Even a#er .!1h 1are was aken whi2e #"r.ai"n "# he @!esi"nnaire, #ew e.32"yees -"

1"n#!sed re-ardin- he @!esi"ns66

● The e.32"yees had " 0e ass!red ha i is #"r a1ade.i1 3!r3"ses "n2y and he res3"nse

-iven 0y he. wi22 0e ke3 an"ny."!s6

● The 1".."n @!ery was why hese @!esi"nnaires are #i22ed6

● Few e.32"yees -" irriaed 0e1a!se hey #e2 i was a wase "# i.e6

● C".3araive2y s.a22 sa.32e si/e %"a2 e.32"yees)('' a33r"76+

''"O$RAP50

www 6-""-2e 61".

www 6!#2e72d 61".

www 6#2e7#i2. 61".

www 6!#2e7en-- 61".

www 6wiki3edia 6"r-

T+ornton, G.C. 7.C. y+am (%# Assessment !entres and Managerial

Performan!e, A!ademi! Press, 6e- 5or .

B#

http://www.google.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.uflexltd.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.flexfilm.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.uflexengg.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/


63/66

T.F.*ao 9. Paree (%/ Performa!e Appraisal and *evie- 4perating Manual,

3earning "ystem, 6e- Del+i.

. *i!+l (%B. HA "ilful Approa!+ to ig+ Produ!tivity, .*. Maga0ine, August,

/)%$#

J.A.D Conger 8inegold E.E.3a-ler (%.Appraising oardroom Performan!e.

arvard usiness *evie-, January) 8ebruary.

AE-URE

=UE(&OARE

ame2

…………………………………………………………………………..

B'


64/66

(ex2

I J %ale I J Female

A)e2

I JUpto ?; years I J ?;89; years I J 9;8@; years I J a*o3e @;

years

%arital (tat1s2

I J %arried I J Unmarried

0ears of ser3ice2

I JUpto ? years I J ?8: years I J :8>; years I J a*o3e >;

years

%ont+ly ncome2

I J *elow >;;;; I J >;;;;8?;;;; I J ?;;;;89;;;; I J a*o3e

9;;;;

B@


65/66

(&U#0 FAC&OR(2

(.no

.

Partic1lars (

A

A

R

#

A

(#

A

Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 i.3r"ves 4"0 3er#"r.an1e

L The assess.en "# 3er#"r.an1e ."ivaes "w"rk harder

Per#"r.an1e -"a2s are 12ear2y de#ined in he 3r"1ess "# a33raisa2

>; My 3er#"r.an1e is ade@!ae2y ."ni"red d!rin-


>> Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 d"es n" 1"nri0!e " 4"0 3er#"r.an1e

>? The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2 in red!1in--rievan1e a."n- he e.32"yee

>9 I d" n" need #eed0a1k " ."ni"r .y 3er#"r.an1e

>@ The 3er#"r.an1e a33raisa2 is he23#!2#"r i.3r"vin- 3ers"nne2 ski22

>M Pr"."i"n is 3!re2y 0ased "n 3er#"r.an1ea33raisa2

>: Is he Per#"r.an1e assess.en .a1h " y"!re73e1ai"ns

> A33raisa2s en1"!ra-e 1areer -r"wh

>L A33raisa2s enhan1es he 1han1es #"r 3r"."i"n

> Per#"r.an1e a33raisa2 3r"vides .e wih he"33"r!niy " se 3ers"na2 -"a2s

?; The Per#"r.an1e A33raisa2 Syse. -ive a 3r"3er assess.en "# y"!r 1"nri0!i"n " he

Or-ani/ai"n

SA) Sr"n-2y a-ree, A) A-ree, NS) N" res3"nse, DA) Disa-ree, SDA) Sr"n-2y

Disa-ree

B


66/66

Sipreport Docx1 120929105543 Phpapp01

Documents

Transcript of Sipreport Docx1 120929105543 Phpapp01