Simulating AGN feedback (does it work ?) · - Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) -...
Transcript of Simulating AGN feedback (does it work ?) · - Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) -...
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Simulating AGN feedback (does it work ?)
Yohan Dubois University of Oxford
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Julien Devriendt – University of Oxford Adrianne Slyz – University of Oxford
Romain Teyssier – UTH Zürich / CEA Saclay
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Motivation for AGN feedback
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Galaxy luminosity (~mass) function Semi-analytic models
w/o AGN
w/ AGN
Bower et al., 2006
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis Fabian et al. (2006)
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) In the centre of galaxies in high gas and stellar-density regions
Mseed = 105 M!
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis Fabian et al. (2006)
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) - Mimic the gas accretion onto black holes
In the centre of galaxies in high gas and stellar-density regions
Mseed = 105 M!Bondi accretion rate
MBH ! !M2
BH
c3s
Fast accretion in dense and cold regions
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis Fabian et al. (2006)
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) - Mimic the gas accretion onto black holes - Mimic the mergers between black holes (Friend-of- friend algorithm)
sink particles (Bate et al., 1995, Krumholz et al., 2004)
Dubois et al. (2010)
merger
merger
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis Fabian et al. (2006)
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) - Mimic the gas accretion onto black holes - Mimic the mergers between black holes (Friend-of- friend algorithm) - Mimic the feedback from black holes (AGN)
Teyssier et al., 2011
Modification of the internal energy
-> increase the gas temperature
With thermal input (Teyssier et al., 2011) (see Sijacki, Di Matteo et al. papers, and Booth & Schaye papers)
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) - Mimic the gas accretion onto black holes - Mimic the mergers between black holes (Friend-of- friend algorithm) - Mimic the feedback from black holes (AGN)
With thermal input (Teyssier et al., 2011) or with jets (Dubois et al., 2010)
Compute gas angular momentum around the black hole -> jet axis
Kinetic energy with bipolar outflow
Mass ejected with velocity 10 000 km/s
(jet-model based on Omma et al. 2004)
LAGN = !f !rMBHc2
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., soumis
AGN in cosmological simulations
First AMR simulations of self-consistent AGN feedback in a cosmological context
- Mimic the formation of black holes (where and when) - Mimic the gas accretion onto black holes - Mimic the mergers between black holes (Friend-of- friend algorithm) - Mimic the feedback from black holes (AGN)
With thermal input (Teyssier et al., 2011) or with jets (Dubois et al., 2010)
Simulation Observation (Perseus)
Dubois et al. (2010) Fabian et al. (2006)
X-ray (3 bands)
450
kpc 100 kpc
LAGN = !f !rMBHc2
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Fabian et al. (2006)
Two modes for AGN feedback
! =MBHc2
LEdd
Radio mode (kinetic jet) when
! ! 0.01
! > 0.01Quasar mode (heating) when
Lquasar = 0.015MBHc2
Heuristic efficiencies calibrated from simulations
Eddington ratio of the accretion rate
log !Merloni & Heinz (2008)
Lradio = 0.1MBHc2
or
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
17.106 DM particles
No AGN AGN
WMAP 5-year cosmology Lbox = 12.5 Mpc/h!xmin = 0.38 kpc/h MDM = 6.9 106 M!/h
Red = gas temperature / Green = gas density / Blue = gas metallicity
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Testing the model: parameters and resolution
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Dubois et al., 2011
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Parameter test: the efficiency
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
BHs deposit the same energy / independant of the AGN efficiency
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Fitting observationnal MBH-M* / MBH-σ* laws
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Häring & Rix 2004 Tremaine et al 2002
Dubois et al., 2011
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
AGN: reduce star formation
AGN impact massive structures
12.5 Mpc/h 256^3
25 Mpc/h 256^3 50 Mpc/h 256^3
AGN
no AGN
Hopkins & Beacom (2006)
Dubois et al., 2011
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp 19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Radio mode or quasar mode ?
z=0 z=1
z=2 z=4 Acc
retio
n lu
min
osity
BH mass
! = 10!2
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Quasar mode versus radio mode
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z= z=1.5 Quasar mode
T (keV)
Wet major merger 1:4
z=0 Radio mode
T (keV)
Several dry minor mergers
1.4 Mpc
1.8 Mpc
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Mass distribution in a cluster of galaxies
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No AGN AGN
Total mass Dark matter Stars Gas
r500
Dubois et al., 2010
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
« Bimodality » in cluster cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
Sanderson et al. (2009)
Chandra X-ray observations
What physics drives the entropy profiles ?
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
Dubois et al., 2011
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No gas cooling
Pre-merger 1:1
Post-merger 1:1
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No gas cooling Primordial gas cooling + SF
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No gas cooling Primordial gas cooling + SF
+ AGN feedback
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
Primordial gas cooling + SF + AGN feedback
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No gas cooling Primordial gas cooling + SF
+ stop AGN feedback @ z=0.6
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
Primordial gas cooling + SF + stop AGN feedback @ z=0.6
Cooling catastrophe !
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
No gas cooling Primordial gas cooling + SF
+ AGN feedback + metal cooling
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Some hints on the origin of entropy cores
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL
Z=
Black: non-metal runs / Blue: metal runs
Dotted: no AGN / Dashed & Dot-dashed: AGN (different flavors)
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CEA DSM IRFU SAp
Summary on AGN feedback
• AGN can reheat the core of groups and clusters and prevent cooling catastrophe
– Efficiently suppresses star formation – Prevents high concentration of material – Powerful quasar modes are preferentially triggered at high redshift in gas
rich systems (cold flows & wet mergers) – Quiescent radio modes are predominant at low redshift in massive
structures (little cold material)
BUT • Lot of free parameters (low predictive power)
– Need constraints from GRMHD simulations or/and observations
• Do we get the right galaxy luminosity function ? Colors of galaxies ? Metallicities ? etc.
• Quasar mode is essentially a radiative mode => need proper RT – Some heating contribution (how much couples ?) – Shut-off gas colling
19/10/11 Atelier CRAL