Simply Put: Words Prefixes. Prefix Root Word Combining vowel Combining form Suffix.
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Transcript of Simply Put: Words Prefixes. Prefix Root Word Combining vowel Combining form Suffix.
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Simply Put: Words
Prefixes
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
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PrefixRoot WordCombining vowelCombining form
Suffix
Break words down into parts…
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Medical terms
Many if not most of these terms usually have Latin or Greek origins.The Latin form is used to describe or
modify something, as in an adjective Ren/o means kidney and is used in the terms
renal disease and renal tubule.The Greek form is used to describe a
pathological finding.Nephr/o means kidney and is used in the
terms nephritis and nephropathy.
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DIRECTIONAL PREFIXES
CONTRASTING PREFIXES
Prefixes – at the beginning of a word
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Epi- upper, above
Extra- outsideHyper- above,increase
more than normal
Hypo- below, under,
decreased
Infra- below, beneath
Directional Prefixes
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Inter- betweenIntra- withinMeta- beyondPer- throughSub- below, under, decreased
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Super- above, increased, more than normal
Supra- above, increased more than normal
Trans- across
Ultra- above, increased, more than normal
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EPI-
SUB- HYPO-
EXTRA-
META-ULTRA-
SUPER-SUPRA-HYPER-
INFRA-
PER-
INTER- INTRA-
TRANS-
Directional
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Transcontinental Trans | continental
Extraterristrial Extra | terrestrialIntercellular Inter | cellularEpicenter Epi | centerHypothermia Hypo | thermiaHyperactive Hyper | activeInfrastructure Infra | structureSubzero sub | zero
Some examples of words with directional prefixes…
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Translocate trans | locateHypothyroid hypo | thyroidHyperthyroid hyper | thyroidSupranatural supra | naturalIntranasal intra | nasalSuperimposed super | imposedPerennial per | ennial
(through the years-year after year)
…and so, some medical words with directional prefixes.
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HYPO-HYPER-
INFRA-SUB-HYPO-
FLASHCARDS: Below are two sets of prefixes. Why is each set grouped the way they are?
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Ab- away from ab|ductionAd- toward ad|duction
Dys- difficult, painful, bad dys|phagiaEu- good, easy, normal eu|thyroid
Endo- within or inside endo|parasiteEx-Exo- without, out of, outside, away fromEcto-
Contrasting Prefixes
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Poly- many, excessive poly|uriaOligo- scant, very little olig|uria
Pre- before pre|operativePeri- around peri|operativePost- after post|operative
Anti- against anti|emetic (vomiting)
A- without, no a|traumatic
An- without, no an|uria
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Brady- slowTachy- fast
Mal- bad
Leuk- white
Bi- twice, two, doubleDi-
Extra Prefixes used in medicine
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http://www.globalrph.com/medterm6b.htm
My favorite go to website for medical prefixes, roots, suffixes
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A root is a word part that gives the essential meaning of the word
Root words may need a combing vowel, usually an “o” which usually makes the word easier to pronounce“i” and “e’ may also be used
Root words
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The root word plus the combining vowel makes up the combining formOften written (and pronounced)
Ren/oGastr/oCardi/o
Rule 1:When the suffix or next word part begins with
a consonant use a combining vowelArthr/o and –scope = Arthroscope
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Rule 2:Don’t need a combining vowel if the suffix
starts with a vowelGastr/o and –itis = gastritis
Rule 3:A combining vowel is used when two or more
root words are joined togetherGastr/o and enter/o and –it is = gastroenteritis
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GastroenteritsNasolabial Colorectal
Most medical root words or combining forms usually describe a part of the body
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Root words (prefixes?)
Py/o- pusPneum/o- lungs, airDerm/o- skinAden/o- glandBucc/o cheekCyt/o cell
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UrinaryCyst/o- bladderNephr/o- kidneyRen/o- kidney
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Skeletal and MuscleMy/o- muscleArthr/o- jointChondr/o- cartilageAxill/o- armpitOste/o- boneCost/o ribs
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Head , Neck, and FootCephal/o- headEncephal/o- brainCervic/o neckCrani/o- skullPod/o- foot
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CardiovascularThorac/o- chestCardi/o- heartVen/o- veinArteri/o arteryHem/a- blood
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Eyes Ears NoseOpth/o- eyeOt/o- earRhin/o- noseNas/o- nose
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DigestiveGastr/o- stomachLapar/o abdominal wallEnter/o- intestine (small
intestine)Col/o- colon (large intestine)Hep/a- liverPancreat/o pancreasSplen/o- spleen
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Nervous systemNeur/o- nerveMyel/o- spinal cord
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MouthOr/o mouthStomat/o mouthGloss/o tongueLabi/o lips
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FunXanth/o yellowZo/o animal life
Xanthinuria - ?
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Anatomystudy of body structure
Physiologystudy of body function
Pathologystudy of the nature, causes, and development
of abnormal conditionsEtiology
study of disease
The suffix -logy means the study of.
Study of…
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-plasia describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers.
-trophy describes formation, development, and increased size of tissue and cells.
Suffixes…tissues
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Neoplasia = any abnormal growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
Tumors
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Tumor Terms
Tumor: a distinct mass of tissue formed from a neoplasm (-oma means tumor or neoplasm)benign: not recurringmalignant: tending to spread and become life-
threatening
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Prefixes used to describe tissue growth:a- = withouthypo- = less than normalhyper- = more than normaldys- = badana- = withoutneo- = new
Prefixes…tissues
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Formation Terms
Anaplasa: change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
Aplasa: lack of development of an organ or tissue or cell
Dysplasia: abnormal growth or development of an organ or tissue or cell
Hyperplasia: abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or tissue or cell
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Formation TermsHypoplasia: incomplete or less than normal
development of an organ or tissue or cellAtrophy: decrease in size or complete wasting
of an organ or tissue or cellDystrophy: defective growth in the size of an
organ or tissue or cellHypertrophy: increase in size of an organ or
tissue or cell
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Glands• Aden/o means gland.
– Exocrine glands secrete material into ducts.• Exo- means out; crine means to secrete.
– Endocrine glands secrete chemicals into the bloodstream for transportation to organs and other structures throughout the body.• Endo- means within; crine means to secrete.
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Organs
An organ is a part of the body that performs a special function or functions.
Each organ has its own combining form or forms.See Table 2–2.
These combining forms usually have Latin or Greek origins.
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1. The prefix___________means below. The prefix _________________means across.
a) Supra- a) Meta-b) Super- b) Infra-c) Inter- c) Transd) Sub- d) Ultra-
2. The prefix ___________means beyond. The prefix________________means between.
a) Hypo- a) Infra-b) Hyper- b) Intra-c) Meta- c) Inter-d) Per- d) Epi-
Thursday August 29
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The prefix _________means many.olig- poly-an- eu-
The prefix ___________means outside, while the prefix ___________means inside.pre-, post- endo-, exo-hyper-, hypo- inter-, intra-
Bell Work Tuesday Sept ember 3
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Which prefix means around?epi- supra-peri- meta-
Which prefix means very little or scant?anti- peri-oligo- an-
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AnuriaPolyuriaOliguria
What is the prefix in each word above and what does each word mean?
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True or False?Cardio- means bladderRhin0- means muscleArthro- means jointHepa-means liverHema-means kidneyNephro- means liverOsteo- means bone
Bell work Wednesday, September 4
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Hepatic Lipidosis is a fatty ____________.
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the _____________.
Nephrotoxixity is a poisonous effect on the _________.