Simplifying open stack and kubernetes networking with romana

Simplifying the network stack with Romana

Pani NetworksOpenStack Meetup, Auckland, May 2016

romana.io Simplifying the network stack with Romana @romanaproject

Agenda

● “Cloud native”, why does it matter?● A better network for cloud native architectures● Demos


About us

● Team background:– Data center networks

– Low-level traffic management

● Created L2 overlay network startup– Bought by Cisco

● OpenStack networking● There's got to be a better way

– Time is right

What is 'cloud native'?


The past: Enterprise networking

● Full control● Applications need L2 and L3

– May need hard-wired IP addresses

– Broadcasts

● Servers are pets, not cattle: “Careful!”– VM migration

● Complex!


Cloud native applications

● Automate all the things!– Infrastructure as code

– Cattle, not pets: “Meh... just kill it.”

– Workloads come and go quickly

– Build for resiliance

● IP is all you need– No hardcoded IP addresses, discovery

– No special network requirements

– Basic IP connectivity

The problem


We have a mismatch

● Building cloud native applications…● … on top of enterprise networking

– SDN controllers use overlay L2 domains

– VLAN, VXLAN, OVS, etc.

● Complexity and brittleness– Lose benefits of simplicity

– Lose performance (encap, blinded hardware)

– Difficult to maintain and trouble shoot


The price you pay: Complexity

VXLAN Decap

VXLAN Decap

VXLAN Encap

VXLAN Encap

2 Top of Rack Round Trips

East/West Traffic

Per Instance Security


The price you pay: Performance

Router

Endpoint A Endpoint B

Router

L2 overlay A

L2 overlay B

VRouter


Why do we do this to ourselves?

● We don't need any L2 features● Except maybe traffic segmentation

– Multi tenancy

– Tiers and policies

The solution


Networking the way it was intended

● Use native L3 capabilities● No overlays● De-emphasize IP address ranges● Still provide segmentation, multi tenancy● Simple, clear and scalable network setup


Truly cloud native networking

● Project Romana● Open source● Apache 2.0 license● Mostly written in Go● Kubernetes and OpenStack


Truly cloud native networking

● Use only IP routing– No overlays

– All workload addresses are 'real'

– Simplicity!

● Use smart addressing– Encode tenant or segment in IP address

– Assign “virtual” addresses with host prefixes

– Massive (!) collapse of route table

● Routes are static– No route updates, no broadcasts for new endpoint


Romana Architecture

● On each host: Agent– Configures routes– Connects endpoint interfaces– Sets policy implementations

● Controller: Cooperating microservices– Each service with RESTful interface– Specialized for different tasks

● Environment: Different integration points– APIs, drivers for various parts of OpenStack or

Kubernetes


Romana Architecture

Host A Host B Host C

Agent Agent Agent

Tenant

Topology

IPAM

Root

Environment (OpenStack or Kubernetes)

Policy

Beautifully simple networking


Routing and route aggregation

Host A

eth0:192.168.8.11

Host B

eth0:192.168.8.22

Host C

eth0:192.168.8.33



Host A

eth0:192.168.8.11

romana-gw:10.0.0.1/16

Host B

eth0:192.168.8.22

romana-gw:10.1.0.1/16

Host C

eth0:192.168.8.33

romana-gw:10.2.0.1/16



Host A

eth0:192.168.8.11

romana-gw:10.0.0.1/16

10.0.0.5

10.0.1.7

10.0.1.19

10.0.5.3

Host B

eth0:192.168.8.22

romana-gw:10.1.0.1/16

10.1.3.52

10.1.9.2

Host C

eth0:192.168.8.33

romana-gw:10.2.0.1/16

10.2.0.16

10.2.3.81

10.2.4.6



Host A

eth0:192.168.8.11

romana-gw:10.0.0.1/16

10.0.0.5

10.0.1.7

10.0.1.19

10.0.5.3

Routes:10.1/16 → 192.168.8.2210.2/16 → 192.168.8.33

Host B

eth0:192.168.8.22

romana-gw:10.1.0.1/16

10.1.3.52

10.1.9.2

Routes:10.0/16 → 192.168.8.1110.2/16 → 192.168.8.33

Host C

eth0:192.168.8.33

romana-gw:10.2.0.1/16

10.2.0.16

10.2.3.81

10.2.4.6

Routes:10.0/16 → 192.168.8.1110.1/16 → 192.168.8.22


Larger network: L2 under ToR

Host B1

Host B2

Host B3

Host B4

Host A1

ToR A ToR B

spine network

192.168.1.200 192.168.2.200

192.168.1.1

Host A2

192.168.1.2

Host A3

192.168.1.3

Host A4

192.168.1.4

192.168.2.1

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.4

Rack A Rack B



Host B1

Host B2

Host B3

Host B4

Host A1

ToR A ToR B

spine network

192.168.1.200 192.168.2.200

192.168.1.1

Host A2

192.168.1.2

Host A3

192.168.1.3

Host A4

192.168.1.4

10.68/14

10.72/14

10.76/14

10.80/14

192.168.2.1

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.4

10.132/14

10.136/14

10.140/14

10.144/14

Rack A Rack B

10.64/10 10.128/10



Host B1

Host B2

Host B3

Host B4

Host A1

ToR A ToR B

spine network

192.168.1.200 192.168.2.200

192.168.1.1

Host A2

192.168.1.2

Host A3

192.168.1.3

Host A4

192.168.1.4

10.68/14

10.72/14

10.76/14

10.80/14

192.168.2.1

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.4

10.132/14

10.136/14

10.140/14

10.144/14

Rack A Rack B

10.64/10 10.128/10

Host A2 Routes

0.0.0.0 192.168.1.200→10.68/14 192.168.1.1→10.76/14 192.168.1.3→10.80/14 192.168.1.4→



Host B1

Host B2

Host B3

Host B4

Host A1

ToR A ToR B

spine network

192.168.1.200 192.168.2.200

192.168.1.1

Host A2

192.168.1.2

Host A3

192.168.1.3

Host A4

192.168.1.4

10.68/14

10.72/14

10.76/14

10.80/14

192.168.2.1

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.4

10.132/14

10.136/14

10.140/14

10.144/14

Rack A Rack B

10.64/10 10.128/10

ToR A Routes

10.128/10 192.168.2.200→10.68/14 192.168.1.1→10.72/14 192.168.1.2→10.76/14 192.168.1.3→10.80/14 192.168.1.4→

Host A2 Routes

0.0.0.0 192.168.1.200→10.68/14 192.168.1.1→10.76/14 192.168.1.3→10.80/14 192.168.1.4→


Larger network: Full L3

Host B1

Host B2

Host B3

Host B4

Host A1

ToR A ToR B

spine network

192.168.1.200 192.168.2.200

192.168.1.1

Host A2

192.168.1.2

Host A3

192.168.1.3

Host A4

192.168.1.4

10.68/14

10.72/14

10.76/14

10.80/14

192.168.2.1

192.168.2.2

192.168.2.3

192.168.2.4

10.132/14

10.136/14

10.140/14

10.144/14

Rack A Rack B

10.64/10 10.128/10

ToR A Routes

10.128/10 192.168.2.200→10.68/14 192.168.1.1→10.72/14 192.168.1.2→10.76/14 192.168.1.3→10.80/14 192.168.1.4→

Host Routes

0.0.0.0 192.168.1.200→

Scalable distributed firewalland

traffic policies


Romana: Traffic segmentation

● Tenant traffic separated:– Tenants don't get whole CIDR prefix or L2 domain

– But fully isolated from other tenants' traffic

● Tenants can define segments:– Like tiers, provide isolation and policies

● Use segment and tenant bits in IP addresses:– Apply policies (iptables) based on that

– Segments can stretch across hosts


Semantic and topological addressing

31

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11

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9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

10

Network prefix bitsThe network prefix. In this example, we are using the 10/8

address space.

6

Host ID Segment IDWe currently

store tenant ID in upper bits of segment ID.

4 67

Endpoint ID

Widths are configurable, don't have to use byte boundaries.


Semantic and topological addressing

31

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28

27

26

25

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10

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

10

Network prefix bitsThe network prefix. In this example, we are using the 10/8

address space.

6

Host ID Segment IDWe currently

store tenant ID in upper bits of segment ID.

4 67

Endpoint ID

Widths are configurable, don't have to use byte boundaries.

Encode thetenant ID


Host BHost A

Allowing traffic within tenant

10.0.0.5 10.1.0.12

iptables:check src/dst addrs“tenant/segment bits

must match”

Src: 10.0.0.5Dst: 10.1.0.12

Same tenant/segment bits


Host BHost A

Isolating tenant traffic: Default

10.0.0.5 10.1.128.9

iptables:check src/dst addrs“tenant/segment bits

must match”

Src: 10.0.0.5Dst: 10.1.128.9

Different tenant/segment bits

Differenttenant


Host BHost A

Apply network policy between segments (full isolation as default)

10.0.0.5 10.1.1.9

iptables:Does policy chain

exist?Otherwise: DROP

Src: 10.0.0.5Dst: 10.1.1.9

Same tenant, different segment

policy-chain:From segment 0?Protocol TCP?To port 80?

Demo 1:

Kubernetes + Romana clusteron top of Catalyst OpenStack cloud


Baking layered cakes

● Kubernetes on OpenStack? Why?– On demand clusters

– Full tenant isolation

● Not all workloads fit into containers– Seamless connection between pods and VMs

● Really nice with fully routed networking– No double encapsulation

– Logical, efficient packet forwarding


Demo 1 - Overview


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Jump host withpublic IP address


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Install OpenStackcommand line tools


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

$ neutron port-update \ e925b70e-031e-4ef7-a27c-583b4b775290 \ --allowed-address-pairs type=dict list=true \ mac_address=fa:16:3e:e1:df:59,ip_address=10.0.0.0/8


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

$ git clone https://github.com/romana/romana$ cd romana/romana-install$ ./romana-setup -p static -i my-inventory -s kubernetes install


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Romanainstaller


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Kubernetes + Romana

Romana clusteraddress range:

10/8


Demo 1 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Kubernetes + Romana

Podswith containers.

Pods have RomanaIP addresses.


Demo 1 - What you will see

● Creation of pods● Network configuration● Application of network policies

Demo 2:

Mixing containers with legacy workloads


Demo 2 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Kubernetes + Romana


Demo 2 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Kubernetes + Romana

vm-workload

Legacy applicationin VM


Demo 2 - Overview

bar-1 bar-2foo

Kubernetes + Romana

vm-workload

Direct connection:- No gateway- No encap/decap- No NAT



● Creation of pods● Contact pod from VM● See the packet route

Demo 3:

Romana + Kubernetes clusteron top of Romana + OpenStack cluster


Demo 3 - Overview

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4


Demo 3 - Overview

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

$ ./romana-setup -p static -i hw-inventory -s devstack install


Demo 3 - Overview

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

OpenStack + Romana

Romana cluster 1address range:

10/8


Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

OpenStack + Romana

OpenStack VMs

VMs haveIP addresses

ofRomana cluster 1


Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

OpenStack + Romana

$ ./romana-setup -p static -i vm-inventory -s kubernetes install


Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3

Kubernetes + Romana

VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

OpenStack + Romana

Romana cluster 2address range:

172.16/12


Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3

Kubernetes + Romana

VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

OpenStack + Romana

Podswith containers.

Pods haveIP addresses

ofRomana cluster 2


OpenStack + Romana

Kubernetes + Romana

Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4


OpenStack + Romana

Kubernetes + Romana

Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

Remember this one?

2 Top of Rack Round Trips

East/West Traffic

Per Instance Security

Without pure L3 networklayered clusters

would be even morecomplex.


OpenStack + Romana

Kubernetes + Romana

Demo 3 - Overview

VM2 VM3VM1

HW1 HW2 HW3 HW4

But with Romana, networkingeven in layered clusters becomes

really easy...



● Creation of pods● Pods and VMs with fully routable addresses● Ease of use showcase: Trouble shooting


Conclusion

● Cloud native architectures simplify things● Need cloud native networking to enjoy benefits● Romana:

– Cloud native without compromises

– Native network performance

– Mostly static config: Solid network

– Very easy to work with and understand

● Easy to try:– Simple installers for Kubernetes and OpenStack


Thank you!

● Romana Links– http://romana.io - Project home

– http://romana.io/blog - Blog

– https://github.com/romana/romana - Sources

● Contact– @romanaproject - Twitter

– [email protected] - Email

– https://romana.slack.com/ - Slack channel

http://romana.io/

http://romana.io/blog

https://github.com/romana/romana

mailto:[email protected]

https://romana.slack.com/

Simplifying open stack and kubernetes networking with romana

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