SIMPLIFYING ASSESSMENT IN CRIMINAL … assessment in criminal justice and treatment settings: using...

SIMPLIFYING ASSESSMENT IN CRIMINAL

JUSTICE AND TREATMENT SETTINGS: USING

TCU TOOLS TO ENSURE EFFECTIVE

SERVICES

Upcoming webinar August 20th, 2015, 3 pm EDTDeveloping a Strategy for Effective Employer Engagement

Register: http://www.performwell.org

Previous webinars June 25th, 2015 Making the Most of Coordinated Entry: Developing a Performance-Focused System

Archived Recording: http://www.socialsolutions.com

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION IN DRUG COURTS: SUCCESS USING REWARDS AND SANCTIONS

Moderator

Josie Alleman

Strategic

Initiatives

Consultant

Social Solutions

Dr. Kevin Knight

Associate Director

for Criminal Justice

Studies

Texas Christian

University

Presenters

Ben Ekelund

Administrator of

Training and

Consulting

Center for Health

and Justice at TASC

Phillip Barbour

Master Trainer

Center for Health

and Justice at TASC

22 2124

37

44

0

10

20

30

40

50

None Low Moderate Substantial Severe

% Reincarceration (15 Months)

Drug Use Severity

Drug Use Severity and Reincarceration

N=324; Weekes, Milison, & Lightfoot, http://198.103.98.138/crd/forum/e073/e073c.htm© 2014

-8

2

12

22

32

Sanctions InappropriateTreatment

AppropriateTreatment

-7 -6

30

Andrews, D.A. 1994. An Overview of Treatment Effectiveness. Research and Clinical

Principles, Department of Psychology, Carleton University.

% R

ed

uc

tio

n in

Re

cid

ivis

mProviding Appropriate Treatment?

© 2014

The Wisdom of the Dakota Indians: When you discover you are riding a

dead horse, the best strategy is to dismount.

© 2015

Retention

Posttreatment

DrugUse

Crime

SocialRelations

Participation

in Treatment

Therapeutic

Relationship

Change:

Acting

Change:

Thinking

Risks & Needs

Using Screening and AssessmentTools to Inform Treatment

What Works with “Highest Efficiency?”

Low Intensity

(Educational

in General Pop)

High Intensity

(Structured

& Segregated)

Aftercare

(or Re-entry)

Program

OffenderDrug Use?

LowSeverity

HighSeverity

Longer

Term

TCU Drug Screen

TCU Drug Screen (TCU DRUG SCREEN II & V)

The TCU Drug Screen is a self-administered, brief screen

that identifies individuals with a history of heavy drug use

or dependency/addiction (based on the DSM and the

NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule) and who therefore

should be eligible for treatment options

83 84 84

70

30

TCUDS ASI-D SSI SASSI-2 Others

Alcohol and Drug Dependence Screens

% Overall Correct Classification

N=400; Peters et al., 2000 (Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment)© 2014

TCU Drug Screen (TCUDS):

Short assessment (2 pages) for --

• Drug problems/dependence• Treatment history/needs

Eligible for Treatment?The TCU Drug Screen

47%

24%

1. TCUDS Diagnosis

2. Existing Records

71% referred to treatment

Assessments:N ~ 50,000

per Year

All newinmates at

state jails/prisons

© 2014

TCU Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTS)

TCU Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU CTSFORM)

1. Entitlement – sense of ownership and privilege, misidentifying

wants as needs.

2. Justification – justify actions based on external circumstances

or actions of others.

3. Power Orientation – need for power, control, and retribution.

4. Cold Heartedness – callousness and lack of emotional

involvement in relationships.

5. Criminal Rationalization – negative attitude toward the law

and authority figures.

6. Personal Irresponsibility – unwillingness to accept ownership

for criminal actions.

Risk-Need-Responsivity:

A Foundation for Evidence-Based

Justice Decisions

TCU FORMSAND THEIR ROLE IN THE CJ SYSTEM

BEN EKELUND – ADMINISTRATOR AT

THE CENTER FOR HEALTH AND JUSTICE (CHJ) AT TASC, IL&

PHILLIP BARBOUR – MASTER TRAINER CHJ



Justice Decisions

TCU Tools

• The TCU Treatment System includes a set of assessments and manual-guided interventions that “target” specific needs and status of clients in different stages of change during treatment.



Justice Decisions



Justice Decisions

Screening vs. Assessment

• Screening: Process for evaluating the possible presence of a disorder

• Assessment: Process for defining the nature of a problem, determining diagnosis, and developing treatment plan



Justice Decisions

• Delinquent onset (< 16 years)

• Age at first arrest (<25 years)

• Substance abuse onset (< 14 years)

• History of (violent) convictions

• Prior incarcerations

• Prior rehabilitation failures

• Others?

Static Risk Factors



Justice Decisions

Dynamic Needs

1. Antisocial attitudes

2. Antisocial friends and peers

3. Antisocial personality pattern

4. Substance abuse

5. Family and/or marital problems

6. Lack of education

7. Poor employment history

8. Lack of prosocial leisure activities



Justice DecisionsPractice Implications

High Risk Low Risk

High

SA Needs

(moderate -

severe)

Low

SA Needs

(mild)

Status calendar

Treatment

Prosocial and life skills

Abstinence is distal

Positive reinforcement

Self-help/alumni groups

~ 18-24 mos. (~200 hrs.)

Noncompliance calendar

Treatment (separate milieu)

Life skills

Abstinence is distal

Positive reinforcement

Self-help/alumni groups

~ 12-18 mos. (~150 hrs.)

Status calendar

Prosocial habilitation

Abstinence is proximal

Negative reinforcement

~ 12-18 mos. (~100

hrs.)

Noncompliance calendar

Psychoeducation

Abstinence is proximal

Individual/stratified groups

~ 3-6 mos. (~ 12-26 hrs.)

Adapted from Marlowe, 2013



Justice Decisions

Criminal Justice Treatment Forms

• Criminal Risk and Criminal History Assessment

• TCUD - V

• Criminal Thinking Scales



Justice Decisions



Justice Decisions

Criminal Thinking Scales

• Entitlement – sense of ownership and privilege, misidentifying wants as needs

• Justification – justify actions based on external circumstances or actions of others

• Power Orientation – need for power, control, and retribution



Justice Decisions

Criminal Thinking Scales

• Cold Heartedness – callousness and lack of emotional involvement in relationships

• Criminal Rationalization – negative attitude toward the law and authority figures

• Personal Irresponsibility – unwillingness to accept ownership for criminal actions.



Justice Decisions

TASC and TCU - A Brief History

• TASC (now CHJ) has been working with TCU for over 10-years on a number of research projects, most notably the CJDATS I – II studies. Our work has encompassed change team initiatives, TCU screening and assessment implementation, HIV/AIDS interventions and research on MAT interventions.

• In 2013, TCU contracted with CHJ to provide training and TA on the use of the TCU Interventions with the CJ population.



Justice Decisions

NEW Website

www.ibr.tcu.edu



Justice Decisions

How the TCU Tools are used at TASC

• Point of referral from the courts

• As a triage tool for program eligibility

• To identify whether a full assessment should be done

• To provide collateral information to the self report from the client



Justice Decisions

How the TCU Tools are used at TASC (cont)

• To determine readiness for change

• To target criminal thinking for intervention

• To help determine psychological functioning

• To asset with evaluating social functioning

• To measure treatment engagement and process



Justice Decisions

How the TCU Tools are used at TASC (cont)

• There are 12- primary short forms that make up the core assessment forms in the TCU assessment

• At http://www.ibr.tcu.edu you will find over 50 tools, not only for direct service work, but also organizational analysis

• All tools have been normed with a variety of populations, both adolescent, and adults, men and women



Justice Decisions

Administration and Scoring Notes

• Most of the forms are available in Spanish and English

• Scantron Forms (cost varies)

• Spreadsheet developed by TCU to assist with manual application

• Written at a 5th grade reading level



Justice Decisions

Administration and Scoring Notes (cont.)

• Mastering a few scoring rules will allow you to score any of the forms in the Matrix– Review the response accuracy check questions first– There is some reverse scoring done– Some scoring involve simple calculations to get the

right value– Utilizing the spreadsheets will reduce the risk of

human error



Justice Decisions

Recommended Cut Scores

• TCU Drug Screen II (TCUDS II)

• Low 0-2

• Medium 3-6

• High 7-9



Justice Decisions

Criminal Thinking Scales (CTSForm)

• Re-grouped by scales

• Responses are 1= Strongly Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree

• Six scales make up the test

– Refer to key definitions

• No more than ½ the items in any one scale can be missing



Justice Decisions

Scoring Guideline

• A “high” score on any of the 6 TCU CTS scales (scores ranging from 10 to 50 for each scale) indicates “need” for criminal thinking intervention. Scores at or above the following scores for each scale indicates the level of criminal thinking for that scale.



Justice Decisions

Recommended Cut Scores

• Scale Low Med High

• Entitlement 10-17 18-20 21-40

• Justification 10-18 19-22 23-40

• Pers. Irres. 10-18 19-24 25-40

• Power Or. 10-22 23-27 28-40

• Cold Hear. 10-20 21-23 24-40

• Crim. Rat. 10-28 29-35 36-40



Justice Decisions

TCU Forms

• Considerations for Administering:– Can administer individually or in group

– Administer at different points of treatment process

– Segregate scores by gender or intake group so you don’t skew norms

– Collect information on assessment results by staff or program

– Share results with clients



Justice Decisions

Thank You

• Ben Ekelund

– [email protected]

– 312-573-8337

• Phil Barbour

– [email protected]

– 312-573-8354

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Developing a Strategy for Employer Engagement

Guest Speakers: Scott Ellsworth, Lucy Houchin, and Tom West

NEXT WEBINAR

August 20th, 3:00-4:30pm EST

Register at www.performwell.org

38

Questions?

Dr. Kevin Knight

Associate Director

for Criminal Justice

Studies

Texas Christian

University

Presenters

Ben Ekelund

Administrator of

Training and

Consulting

Center for Health

and Justice at TASC

Phillip Barbour

Master Trainer

Center for Health

and Justice at TASC

SIMPLIFYING ASSESSMENT IN CRIMINAL … assessment in criminal justice and treatment settings: using...

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