Simplified Québec Geology
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Transcript of Simplified Québec Geology
Geological ProvincesQuébec is subdivided into six large arrays called geological provinces. This subdivision is based on the age of its rocks and on processes associated with plate tectonic theory.
Tonalite
This simplifi ed geological map displays the distribution of the main types of rocks, and the main geological provinces found on Québec’s territory. Geologically speaking, rocks are subdivided into three broad categories: igneous (intrusive and volcanic), sedimentary and metamorphic. The age of these rocks plays an important role in understanding geological events.
GT 2013-06Research and writing: Robert Thériault, Stéphane Beauséjour and Julie GagnéGraphics: André TremblayProduced and published: Ministère des Ressources naturelles
Anorthosite Gabbro & diorite Pyroxenite, peridotite & dunite
Impact slag Granite & granodiorite
Syenite, monzonite & jotunite
Orthopyroxene granitoid rock
Rhyolite & dacite Basalt & andesite Komatiite
Wacke, mudrock, slate & shale Sandstone
Conglomerate Iron formationLimestone & dolomite
Granit gneiss Tonalitic gneiss Migmatite Paragneiss Marble
IGNEOUS ROCKS (intrusive)Rocks that are formed by the cooling of the magma underground.
The slow crystallization of the magma leads to the creation of a granular texture.
IGNEOUS ROCKS (volcanic)Rocks that are formed when the magma cools on the surface
following the release of lava from a volcano.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKSRocks that are formed by the build-up
of sediments deposited in layers, then consolidated after they are buried
deep inside the Earth’s crust.
METAMORPHIC ROCKSRocks that are formed by the recrystallization of igneous or sedimentary rocks following
a rise in pressure and temperature deep inside the Earth’s crust.
IGNEOUS ROCK SEDIMENTARY BACKGROUND
CARBONATED ROCK
TERRIGENOUS ROCKS
MAFIC ROCK
TONALITE ROCKSGRANITIC ROCK
Hudson Bay Platform (410 to 450 Ma)
Grenville Province (600 to 2700 Ma)
St. Lawrence Platform (430 to 500 Ma)
Churchill Province (1100 to 2900 Ma)
Appalachians Province (330 to 570 Ma)
Superior Province (2500 to 4300 Ma)
Ma - Million years
FAULTA breakage in the Earth’s crust,
indicating the movement of two blocks of rocks that are separated by the fault.
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sand
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www.
sand
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.org)
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www.
sand
atlas
.org)