.Regular verbsinfinitive + -edAdd -ed with regular verbs

Sometimes there are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed.

1) consonant after short, stressed vowel at the end of the word

Double the consonant.stop – stoppedswap - swapped

If the consonant is not stressed, we do not double it:benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.) In British English we double one -l at the end of the word:travel - travelled

2) one -e at the end of the word add only d.love – lovedsave – saved

3) verbs ending in -y

verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u): Add -ed.

Example: I play - he played

verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a consonant: Change 'y' to 'i' Then add -ed.

Example: I hurry - he hurried

Pronunciation of the ending -ed in the Simple Past

In the Simple Past we add -ed to regular verbs. Be careful pronuncing the verbs:

1) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, ʃ, ʧ, s, θ]

-> speak [t].

The -e is silent. Example: I stop - I stopped [stɒpt]

2) verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ, ʤ, z, ð, l, m, n] or a vowel

-> speak [d].

The -e is silent. Example: I clean - I cleaned [kli:nd]

3) verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or [d] -> speak [ɪd].

The -e changes to [ɪ]. Example: I visit - I visited [vɪzɪtɪd]

FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST

Form the Simple Past:- with regular verbs: infinitive + -ed - with irregular verbs: use the 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs

Affirmative sentences:

Use the same form of the verb every time regardless the subject.

regular verbs irregular verbs

I played football. I went to the supermarket.

Negative sentences:

Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject.

regular verbs irregular verbs

I did not play football. I did not go to the supermarket.

NOTE: Short forms in negative sentences in the Simple Past are used quite often.

regular verbs irregular verbs

I didn't play football. I didn't go to the supermarket.

Questions:

Use the auxiliary did (Simple Past of do) every time regardless the subject.

regular verbs irregular verbs

Did you play football? Did I go to the supermarket?

SIMPLE PAST - USEThe Simple Past is used to talk about actions or situations in the past. It is also called Past Simple.Have a look at the following examples:

1) action started and finished in the past (single or repeated)

I visited Berlin last week.Andrew watched TV yesterday.

2) series of completed actions in the past

First I got up, then I had breakfast.

SIMPLE PAST – TIME EXPRESSIONS

These words tell you what tense you have to use. For the Simple Past these are expressions of time in the past.

yesterday

yesterday morning/ afternoon/ evening/

last Sunday /

last week / weekend/ month/ year/a month ago / a year ago / three months ago /

in 2002

Irregular verbs (most common)

infinitive

simple past

past partici

ple

bewas/were

been

I am I wasI have been

he ishe was

he has been

we arewe were

we have been

beat beatbeaten

become

became

become

begin began begun

bet* bet bet

blow blew blown

break brokebroken

bringbrought

brought

build built built

burst burst burst

buybought

bought

catch caught caught

choose

chosechosen

come came come

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

do did done

draw drew drawn

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fly flew flown

forget forgotforgotten

freeze froze frozen

get gotgot, gotten (AE)

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

hang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

know knew known

lay laid laid

lead led led

leave left left

lend lent lent

let let let

lie lay lain

light* lit lit

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

pay paid paid

put put put

read read read

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risen

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

shake shookshaken

steal stole stolen

shine shone shone

shoot shot shot

show*showed

shown

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

slide slid slid

speak spokespoken

spend spent spent

spring sprang sprung

stand stood stood

stick stuck stuck

swear swore sworn

sweep swept swept

swim swam swum

swing swung swung

take took taken

teach taught taught

tear tore torn

tell told told

thinkthought

thought

throw threwthrown

understand

understood

understood

wake* woke woken

wear wore worn

weave wove woven

win won won

write wrotewritten

* regular form (+ -ed) also possible.