Simon brown archsummit2012 the-frustrated-architect
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Transcript of Simon brown archsummit2012 the-frustrated-architect
大会官方网站与资料下载地址：www.archsum m it.com
感谢您参加本次ArchSummit全球架构师峰会！
郁闷的架构师The frustrated architect
Simon BrownJersey, Channel Islands
leanpub.com
感知Perceptions
我是一个软件架构师
I’m a software architect
Big up front designand analysis paralysis UML
Waterfall
Ivory TowerArchitecture AstronautPowerPoint Architect
PPT架构
Enterprise Service Bus
Single Sign-On
Corporate Data Model
Buzzword Bingo
“ ”架构师是
“业务技术战略家” Architects are “business technology strategists”
“ ”微软的SharePoint
有很明确的ROI和TCOMicrosoft SharePoint has a solid ROI & TCO
“ ”MongoDB的价值主张是什么给我看看你的商业分析！
What’s the value proposition of MongoDB? Show me your business case!
热門词汇Buzzwords!
热門词汇让人们离软件架构的学问越来越远Buzzwords push people away from learning aboutthe software architecture discipline
我是团队的另一名成员我喜欢编写代码
I’m another member of the team ... I like writing code
Coding
“Architecture”
Time
UML
管理咨询Management Consulting
我们的导师升职了
救命！Our mentor has been promoted ... help!
企业职场发展阶梯Corporate career ladder
Technical
Non-technical
http://www.codingthearchitecture.com
软件架构师不是组织中的职级 “Software Architect” is not an organisational rank
软件架构师是你慢慢演化成的角色
Software architecture is a role that you evolve into
我们希望变得敏捷
We aspire to be agile
敏捷很酷，但是我们是不是忘了什么东西？Agile is cool, but are we forgetting something?
敏捷Agile
Agile
Emergent design
Retrospectives
Moving fast, embracing
change
Automated acceptance
testing
Continuous delivery
Self-organising team
Test-driven development
Lean
Kanban
Technical guidance
Non-functional requirements
Vision
Structure
Performance
Scalability
Availability
Security
Technical quality
敏捷 + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
“敏捷软件架构师”
是什么？What is an agile software architect?
我是一个
“敏捷软件架构师”I’m an agile software architect!
Evolutionary Architectureand Emergent Design
YAGNIDefer until the
last responsible moment
Refactoring Spikes, stripes and tracers
System Metaphor
这是敏捷的软件架构吗？Is this agile architecture?
即时贴Sticky notes!
敏捷Skills
Business Modelling
Requirements
Analysis & Design
Implementation
Test
Deployment
Configuration Management
Project Management
Environment
Sprint 1 Sprint 2 Sprint 3
演化的架构
愚蠢地期待最好结果？Evolutionary architecture ... foolishly hoping for the best?
Agile software team
我们不需要软件架构，我们实施测试驱动开发
We don’t need software architecture; we do TDD
测试驱动开发玩的是代码
软件架构玩的是“全景”TDD is about code ... software architecture is about the “big picture”
最后负责时刻Last responsible moment
自组织团队不一定总在工作Self-organising teams don’t always work
为什么你们要抨击敏捷？Why are you bashing agile?
让我们重新发明轮子Let’s reinvent the wheel
回顾Retrospective
我们是不是忘的比学的还多？Have we forgotten more than we’ve learnt?
UML
Class
Responsibilities Collaborators
Class
Responsibilities Collaborators
类-责任-协作 Class-Responsibility-Collaboration
Class
Responsibilities Collaborato
rs
边界、控制器和实体Boundaries, controllers and entities
基于组件的开发Component-based development
Component A
Component B
Component C
High cohesion, low coupling
design by contract,
Liskov substitution principle
Pattern-OrientedSoftware Architecture
Rational 统一过程Rational Unified Process (RUP)
TransitionConstructionElaborationSkills
Business Modelling
Requirements
Analysis & Design
Implementation
Test
Deployment
Configuration Management
Project Management
Environment
Inception
要讲求实效很多人不知道比较老的软件开发实践
Be pragmatic ... many people aren’t aware of older software development practices
谁在讲授前敏捷时代的经典？Who is teaching the classics of the pre-agile era?
UML
基于组件的开发Pattern
-Orie
nted Softw
are Arch
itectu
re
Rational 统
一过程
Test
-Driv
en D
evelop
men
t
Kanb
anCo
ntinu
ous
Deliv
ery
敏
捷
Syst
ems
Think
ing
Extr
eme
Prog
ramming
所以你认为你是一个软件架构师么？So you think you're a software architect?
Curriculum Vitae / Resume
Enterprise ArchitectA Big Company (2006-date)
I have been responsible for the design and implementation of an
enterprise customer solution. I drew some UML diagrams and I
wrote some Java code.
I would like a job writing more code please. :-)
大企业中的企业架构与软件架构不同
Enterprise architecture isn’t the same as software architecture in a large enterprise!
AaaS ... architecture as a service
软件开发不是接力赛Software development is not a relay sport
SoftwareArchitecture
Document
成功的软件交付不仅仅是实现细节Successful software delivery is not an implementation detail!
愚蠢地期待最好结果？
不负责任的软件架构师The irresponsible software architect
Cross-site scripting attacks possible; weak passwords allowed; HTTP sessions
didn’t timeout; ...
Basic functionality errors; little or no quality
assurance; rework required late in the project because
of assumptions; ...
No non-functional testing (e.g. penetration testing or
load testing); ...
No documentation; ...这是一个战略软件平台！
This is a strategic software platform!
我们是作者还是软件架构师？Are we authors or software architects?
你知道你在构建什么吗？Do you know what you’re building?
混乱Chaos ... does the team understand what they are building and how they are building it?
团队是否理解他们要构建什么？
应该如何构建？
混乱Chaos ... does the team understand what they are building and how they are building it?
团队是否理解他们要构建什么？
应该如何构建？
No defined structure, inconsistent approaches,
big ball of mud,spaghetti code, ...
停！Slow, insecure, unstable, unmaintainable,
hard to deploy, hard to change, over time, over budget, ...
对“太长，没看”的共同理解Shared vision of TL; DR
SoftwareArchitecture
Document
对“什么？！”的共同理解Shared vision of what!?
WCF Communications (SOAP, REST, TCP, MQ)
Service Proxy Service Proxy Service ProxyService Proxy
Presentation Layer(Service A Pages)
Presentation Layer(Service B Pages)
Presentation Layer(Service C Pages)
Service A Service B Service C
3rd Party Interface
Services Implementation
Service Proxy
Presentation Layer (Master Pages)
Services Implementation Services Implementation
Services Implementation
Services Implementation
Presentation Layer
Transport
WCF Service
Contracts Contracts
Service AServices
Service BServices
Service Interface
Business Layer
Contracts
Service CServices
Data Contracts Data Contracts Data Interface
Service AData Layer
Data Layer
Service CData Layer Data Layer
More Common ServicesCommon Services
Contracts Contracts
Data Contracts Data Contracts
Services ServicesServices
Data Layer
Data Layer
Data Layer
Services ServicesServices
Data Layer
Data Layer
Data Layer
3rd Party Interface3rd Party Interface3rd Party Interface
Common
Foundation
Data Layer
Data Contract
Data Contract
Authentication
Data Management
Logging
EmailCRM WorkflowData Access
我们可以把我们软件开发的过程可视化We can visualise our software development process
我们已经忘记了如何可视化我们构建的软件We’ve forgotten how to visualise the software that we’re building
你如何设计软件？How do you design software?
解决方案？Solutions?
软件程序猿
软件架构师软件架构师坐在象牙塔之中
Software architect sitsin an ivory tower
软件程序猿专注于底层细节
Software developers focus on the low-level detail
软件程序猿 软件程序猿 软件程序猿 软件程序猿
协作、教练、指导 Collaborating, coaching and mentoring
提升软件架构的自我意识Increased awareness of software architecture
软件架构师
软件程序猿
缩小差距
深度 ... 深厚的技术知识Depth ... deep technical knowledge
广度 ... 知道不同的方案和软件开发实践Breadth ... awareness of different options and software development practices
优秀的软件架构师是“建筑师”
Good software architects are master builders
通才化的专才
你会雇一个不会编码的架构师么？Would you hire a software architect that wouldn’t code?
软件架构师这个角色
需求和约束Requirements and constraints
软件设计的演化Evolution of software design
教练和指导Coaching and mentoring
质量保证Quality assurance
编码Coding
技术选型Technology selection
软件设计Software design
软件设计的评估Evaluation of software design
Macro (classes)
Abstract Specific
作为软件程序猿，代码是我们的主要面向对象As developers, the code is our major focus
Telephoto (components)Standard (containers)
Wide angle (contex
t)
Abstract Specific
有时你需要离代码远一点儿Sometimes you need to step back from the code
Macro (classes)Telephoto (components)Standard (containers)
Wide angle (contex
t)
Macro (classes)
1. Current Situation
We have an existing Internet Banking offering that allows customers to securely view
information about their bank accounts held with us via the web. Although we were one of the
first to market with such a product, the system itself is a number of years old now and a series
of problems has been identified during a consulting exercise that we recently initiated. In
summary:
• The system only provides customers with read-only access to information about their
bank accounts. This includes account balances, recent transactions and recent
statements.
• The information presented to customers is slightly out-of-date, because information from
the core banking system is exported to the website on a nightly basis.
• Transactional requests are not possible through the site, with customers instead sending
a secure message to the call centre with their request instead. This process is open to
abuse and fraud.
• The number of features supported by the offering is limited.
• The technology is no longer seen as “leading edge”, is hard to enhance and costly to
maintain. In addition, the technology has reached “end of life” and is no longer
proactively supported by the vendor.
• The system doesn’t meet current website accessibility standards.
In a recent survey, our Internet Banking system was perceived as poor in terms of the user
experience and the level of information available through the website. With our competitors
now offering fully transactional systems, there is a risk that we will lose business.
2. Vision
The board have given us the go-ahead to initiate a project to replace the current Internet
Banking system, which will need to coincide with the corporate rebranding that will be taking
place in 12 weeks. The replacement system should:
• Provide customers with real-time access to information about their bank accounts.
• Provide customers with the ability to perform common transactions through the website.
This includes making payments, setting up standing orders, transferring money and so on.
• Provide customers with a rich user experience.
• Meet current website accessibility standards.
• Be developed using the new corporate website design guidelines.
Big Bank plcInternet Banking System
Telephoto (components)
Standard (containers)
Wide angle (contex
t)
任何问题都有多种解决方案There are a number of solutions to any problem
需求
原则
约束
Macro (classes)
需求
原则
约束
1. Current Situation
We have an existing Internet Banking offering that allows customers to securely view
information about their bank accounts held with us via the web. Although we were one of the
first to market with such a product, the system itself is a number of years old now and a series
of problems has been identified during a consulting exercise that we recently initiated. In
summary:
• The system only provides customers with read-only access to information about their
bank accounts. This includes account balances, recent transactions and recent
statements.
• The information presented to customers is slightly out-of-date, because information from
the core banking system is exported to the website on a nightly basis.
• Transactional requests are not possible through the site, with customers instead sending
a secure message to the call centre with their request instead. This process is open to
abuse and fraud.
• The number of features supported by the offering is limited.
• The technology is no longer seen as “leading edge”, is hard to enhance and costly to
maintain. In addition, the technology has reached “end of life” and is no longer
proactively supported by the vendor.
• The system doesn’t meet current website accessibility standards.
In a recent survey, our Internet Banking system was perceived as poor in terms of the user
experience and the level of information available through the website. With our competitors
now offering fully transactional systems, there is a risk that we will lose business.
2. Vision
The board have given us the go-ahead to initiate a project to replace the current Internet
Banking system, which will need to coincide with the corporate rebranding that will be taking
place in 12 weeks. The replacement system should:
• Provide customers with real-time access to information about their bank accounts.
• Provide customers with the ability to perform common transactions through the website.
This includes making payments, setting up standing orders, transferring money and so on.
• Provide customers with a rich user experience.
• Meet current website accessibility standards.
• Be developed using the new corporate website design guidelines.
Big Bank plcInternet Banking System
Telephoto (components)
Standard (containers)
Wide angle (contex
t)
任何问题都有多种解决方案There are a number of solutions to any problem
UML工具白板和挂图
Post-it notesFlipchar
t & pens
Blu-Tack
Index cards Whiteboard & pensCollaborative de
sign协作式软件设计
Collaborative software design
1. Context 2. Containers 3. Components
按常理出牌 (thinking inside the box)
4. ClassesC4ContextContainersComponentsClasses
有效的草图Effective sketches
你会那样编码么？Would you code it that way?
这就是为什么软件架构
师必须是“建筑师”
This is why software architects must be
master builders
SoftwareArchitectureDocument
旅行手册Travel Guidebook
地图Maps
景点Sights
历史和文化History and culture
实用信息Practical information
文档应该说清楚代码没有说的东西Documentation should describe what the code doesn’t
减少浪费，增加价值
Reduce waste, add value
文档应该说明意图，并作为源代码的导引说明
Use it to explain intent and act as aguide to navigate the source code
大型前期设计？Big design up front?
你做多少前期设计？How much up front design should you do?
大型前期设计？
演化的架构？
没有？
还是二者之间？
Waterfall
刚刚够用Just enough
Base your architecture on requirements, travel light
and prove your architecture with concrete experiments.
Base your architecture on requirements, travel light
and prove your architecture with concrete experiments.
Base your architecture on requirements, travel light
and prove your architecture with concrete experiments.
Scott Amblerhttp://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/agileArchitecture.htm
InfrastructureServices
Foundations
Features and Services
A software system
实验 Experiments
概念原型或证明
Prototype or proof of concept
架构上的重要性Architecturally significant
你需要识别并消除优先级最高的风险You need to identify and mitigate your highest priority risks
概率 (Probability)
(Impa
ct)低 (1) 中 (2) 高 (3)
低
(1)
中
(2)
高
(3)
1 2
2 4
3
3 6
6
9
影响
风险风暴
“Risk-storming”
识别风险的协作与可视化技巧A collaborative and visual technique for identifying risk
风险识别出来后，你还是需要应对它们You still need to deal with the risks once they’ve been identified
An example timeline from
“Beyond Retrospectives”by Linda Rising
#gotocon Aarhus 2011
新技术的问题Problems with new technology
总结The summary
软件架构师角色和软件设计流程是不同的东西
The software architecture role and the process of designing software are different
混乱团队 ... 自组织团队
团队中的专职软件架构师Dedicated software architect
on a team
每个人都是软件架构师Everybody is a software architect
软件架构师这个角色The software architecture role
SoftwareArchitecture
Document...
软件设计流程The software design process
大型前期设计Big up front design
Requirements capture, analysis anddesign complete before coding starts
演化的架构Evolutionary architecture
The architecture evolves secondary to the value created by early regular releases of
working software
/// <summary>/// Represents the behaviour behind the .../// </summary>public class SomeWizard : AbstractWizard{ private DomainObject _object; private WizardPage _page; private WizardController _controller;
public SomeWizard() { }
...
}
/// <summary>/// Represents the behaviour behind the .../// </summary>public class SomeWizard : AbstractWizard{ private DomainObject _object; private WizardPage _page; private WizardController _controller;
public SomeWizard() { }
...
}
刚刚够用软件架构师这个角色
The software architecture
role
软件设计流程The software design process
理解软件的重要结构元素Understand the significant structural elements
of the software
识别并消除关键风险
Identify and mitigate the key risks
为团队提供坚实基础和共同愿景Provide firm foundations anda shared vision for the team
SoftwareArchitecture
Document
需要Yes
敏捷软件开发项目需要软件架构师么？Do agile software development projects need software architecture?
是的，它可以制止大型前期设计和分析带来的瘫痪
Yes, it stops big design up front and analysis paralysis
敏捷软件开发对架构师来说是好东西吗？Is agile software development a good thing for software architecture?
定义你的团队中的软件架构师角色Define the software architecture role on your teams
向软件架构中应用一些工艺Apply some craftsmanship to software architecture
可工作的软件系统！
Software systems that work!
有效的草图和轻量级文档 Effective sketches and
lightweight documentation
积极、主动，以身作则Be proactive, take ownership and lead by example
我们需要为明天培养软件架构师We need to grow the software architects of tomorrow
适合你的就去做！Do whatever works for you!
