Silvicultural Practices and Invasive Exotic Pants
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Transcript of Silvicultural Practices and Invasive Exotic Pants
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Silvicultural Practices and Silvicultural Practices and Invasive Exotic PantsInvasive Exotic Pants
Shep ZedakerShep Zedaker
Department of ForestryDepartment of Forestry
Virginia TechVirginia Tech
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OUTLINEOUTLINE
Invasive/Exotic Weed BiologyInvasive/Exotic Weed Biology Silvicultural Practices for Silvicultural Practices for
Plantations and Naturally Plantations and Naturally Regenerated StandsRegenerated Stands
Invasive/Exotic AvoidanceInvasive/Exotic Avoidance Invasive/Exotic Control/ExamplesInvasive/Exotic Control/Examples
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Invasive Weed BiologyInvasive Weed Biology
Pioneer Species - Intolerant of ShadePioneer Species - Intolerant of Shade Shade Tolerant SpeciesShade Tolerant Species HerbsHerbs VinesVines ShrubsShrubs TreesTrees
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Shade Tolerant ExoticsShade Tolerant Exotics
Herbs: Nepalese Browntop, Garlic Herbs: Nepalese Browntop, Garlic MustardMustard
Vines: Periwinkles, Chocolate, Vines: Periwinkles, Chocolate, HoneysuckleHoneysuckle
Shrubs: Privets, Autumn Olive, Shrubs: Privets, Autumn Olive, Winged Burning BushWinged Burning Bush
Trees: Tallow/Popcorn, ChinaberryTrees: Tallow/Popcorn, Chinaberry
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Intolerant ExoticsIntolerant Exotics
Herbs: Tall Fescue, Silvergrass, Herbs: Tall Fescue, Silvergrass, CogongrassCogongrass
Vines: Kudzu, WisteriasVines: Kudzu, Wisterias Shrubs: Multiflora RoseShrubs: Multiflora Rose Trees: Ailanthus, Paulownia, Russian Trees: Ailanthus, Paulownia, Russian
OliveOlive
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Biological RealityBiological Reality
Annuals (herbs) – You must get them before they have sex!
Perennials (herbs, vines shrubs, trees) - Get them before they get big, numerous, and/or have sex!
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Silvicultural Silvicultural Operations/OpportunitiesOperations/Opportunities
TSITSI ThinningsThinnings Regeneration CutRegeneration Cut
Site PreparationSite Preparation ReleaseRelease TSITSI ThinningsThinnings Regeneration CutRegeneration Cut
Naturally Regenerated Stands:
Plantations:
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Bad Things To DoBad Things To Do
Partial Cutting Partial Cutting Clearcutting without Release/Site Clearcutting without Release/Site
PrepPrep Any Cutting before Invasive is Any Cutting before Invasive is
Controlled or You Have a PlanControlled or You Have a Plan
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Exotic Species (#/plot)Exotic Species (#/plot)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Control Group-S Shelter High-G Clearcut
Pre-Woody
Post-Woody
Pre-Herb
Post-Herb
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AvoidanceAvoidance
Thou Shalt Look Over Thy Neighbor’s FenceThou Shalt Look Over Thy Neighbor’s Fence
Thou Shalt Not Provide an Opening/HoleThou Shalt Not Provide an Opening/Hole
Thou Shalt Fill All Holes ImmediatelyThou Shalt Fill All Holes Immediately
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ControlControl
Thou Shalt Use All Thou Shalt Use All Techniques, Resources, Techniques, Resources,
Tricks… Available (ACAP)Tricks… Available (ACAP)
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Examples:Examples:
Ailanthus altissimaAilanthus altissima – Intolerant Tree – Intolerant Tree Akebia quinataAkebia quinata – Tolerant Vine – Tolerant Vine
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Tree-of-HellTree-of-Hell If You Make a HoleIf You Make a Hole If You Have a Source of RegenerationIf You Have a Source of Regeneration Ailanthus Will Come!Ailanthus Will Come!
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Tree-of-HellTree-of-Hell
If You Pull It, You WILL Get TiredIf You Pull It, You WILL Get Tired If You Cut It, It WILL ResproutIf You Cut It, It WILL Resprout If You Cut-and-Stump-Spray, It WILL If You Cut-and-Stump-Spray, It WILL
ResproutResprout If You Foliar Spray, Be Sure Not To Kill If You Foliar Spray, Be Sure Not To Kill
OthersOthers If You Basal Spray, You Have A ChanceIf You Basal Spray, You Have A Chance
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Death By Basal
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Ailanthus Mortality- 1YATAilanthus Mortality- 1YAT
0102030405060708090
100
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Ailanthus Stems (#/ha) 2YATAilanthus Stems (#/ha) 2YAT
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
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Chocolate Vine (Chocolate Vine (Akebia quinata)Akebia quinata)
Grows as a twining vine or vigorous ground cover.Grows so quickly that it can overtake ground-level vegetation, understory shrubs, and even canopy trees.Found in 16 states in the eastern U.S., from Michigan to Connecticut and south to Georgia.
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Chocolate VineChocolate Vine
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During the fall most of the desirable native plants are dormant while Akebia still retains much of its above-ground foliage.
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Only the foliage that is partly protected by the litter layer is present during the dormant season.
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Akebia Control 6 MATAkebia Control 6 MAT
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
triclopyr 1lb/ac
triclopyr 2lb/ac
glyphosate 1lb/ac
glyphosate 2lb/ac
Jan
Feb
May
Oct
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Native Plant Species (#/plot)Native Plant Species (#/plot)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
triclopyr 1 lb/ac triclopyr 2 lb/ac glyphosate 1lb/ac
glyphosate 2lb/ac
Jan
Feb
May
Oct
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Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllumArisaema triphyllum))
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Chemicals to UseChemicals to Use(Must Get Tough)(Must Get Tough)
Glyphosate fine for most herbs, Imazapyr, Glyphosate fine for most herbs, Imazapyr, Metsulfuron, or Triclopyr necessary for Metsulfuron, or Triclopyr necessary for some.some.
Most shrubs and vines require Imazapyr or Most shrubs and vines require Imazapyr or Triclopyr, some even PicloramTriclopyr, some even Picloram
Trees require Triclopyr, Imazapyr and/or Trees require Triclopyr, Imazapyr and/or PicloramPicloram
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Silvicultural OperationsSilvicultural Operations
Minimize Soil DisturbanceMinimize Soil Disturbance Maximize/Optimize Chemical UseMaximize/Optimize Chemical Use Look Around for Biologicals (Any Look Around for Biologicals (Any
Success Stories?)Success Stories?)
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Silvicultural Practices and Silvicultural Practices and Invasive Exotic PantsInvasive Exotic Pants
Shep ZedakerShep Zedaker
Department of ForestryDepartment of Forestry
Virginia TechVirginia Tech